刚性联结串列双圆柱尾流致涡激振动研究EI北大核心CSCD

为了研究刚性联结对串列双圆柱尾流致涡激振动的减振效果及其流场作用机理,以圆心间距为4D(D为圆柱直径)的无联结及刚性联结串列双圆柱为研究对象,在雷诺数Re=150时,采用数值模拟方法研究了刚性联结对圆柱振幅、振动轨迹和锁振区域的影响规律,分析了振动响应和气动力之间的内在联系,探讨了两类圆柱振动差异背后的流场机理。研究表明:刚性联结对串列双圆柱的尾流致涡激振动有一定的减振作用,提高了发生涡激振动的起振风速,减小了发生涡激振动的折减速度范围,降低了下游圆柱的振幅,但上游圆柱振幅略有增加。发生尾流致涡激振动时,无联结串列双圆柱和刚性联结串列双圆柱的的流固耦合机制不同,两者的尾流模态有很大差异。     

两类串列圆柱涡激振动的质量比效应

为进一步澄清两类串列双圆柱(上、下游圆柱均可做顺流向和横流向的两自由度振动,上游圆柱静止、仅下游圆柱可作两自由度振动)尾流致涡激振动的质量比效应,在雷诺数Re=100、中等间距(间距比P/D=4,P为两个圆柱的柱心间距,D为圆柱直径)、3种质量比(m*=2,10,20)条件下,开展了串列双圆柱涡激振动的数值模拟研究,重...     

双圆柱尾流致涡激振动的质量比效应及其机理

双圆柱尾流激振受多种因素影响,情况复杂,质量比m*(相同体积的圆柱与流体质量的比值)对双圆柱尾流激振的影响规律尚未澄清。采用数值模拟方法,在低雷诺数下(Re=100),研究了三种质量比(m*=2,10,20)对串列双圆柱尾流致涡激振动特性和尾流流场结构的影响规律,分析了下游圆柱的升力与位移的相位差,探讨了涡激升力与能量输入的内在联系。结果表明:质量比对串列圆柱尾流致涡激振动有重要影响。随着质量比的增大,横流向最大振幅减小,并发生在较小折减速度下,振动锁定区域范围变窄;质量比越小,升力与位移之间的相位差对下游圆柱振幅的影响越显著;在较小质量比时尾流出现“2S”、不规则和平行涡街模态,而在较大质量比时只有“2S”和平行涡街模态。     

悬索桥双吊索尾流致涡激振动的大涡模拟

双吊索在大跨度悬索桥上应用广泛,在强/台风作用下,下游吊索常发生尾流激振。采用大涡模拟法,对雷诺数为1×10~4～4×10~4的串列双圆柱尾流致涡激振动进行数值模拟,研究了振动特性和流场流态随折减风速的变化规律,探讨了下游圆柱的动力响应、绕流场特性以及气动力三者之间的耦合关系,分析了尾流致涡激振动的流场干扰机理。结果表明:大涡模拟结果与风洞试验结果吻合良好,在某些折减风速范围内,下游圆柱会发生较大幅度的尾流致涡激共振;在下游圆柱的横风向振幅逐渐增大过程中,位移的瞬时相位领先于升力,在一个振动周期内升力对下游圆柱做正功,而位移与升力之间的相位差则逐渐增大;当发生涡激共振时,上游圆柱的尾流对下游圆柱有两种干扰形式:当下游圆柱偏离平衡位置时,从上游圆柱脱落的旋涡与下游圆柱的剪切层发生相互作用;而当下游圆柱在平衡位置附近时,上游圆柱的旋涡会撞击到下游圆柱迎风面。     

基于模型试验和数值模拟的柔性串列圆柱体涡激振动研究

采用物理模型试验和CFD数值模拟方法研究了大长径比、低质量比的柔性串列圆柱体涡激振动现象。通过分析串列圆柱振幅、振动频率、受力特性和流场结构等特性,着重研究流速和圆柱间距对下游圆柱涡激振动特性影响。研究发现,上、下游圆柱涡激振动幅值差别较大,并且当流速大于某个值后,两者主导频率也不相同,由此提出分离约化速度U r。流速和间距都会影响上游尾流对下游圆柱的作用,其中流速会影响上游尾涡强度及其发展程度,间距会影响上游尾涡发展空间及其与下游圆柱的接触位置。     

不同间距串列双方柱流致振动运动特性分析

多钝体流致振动是涉及流体工程安全性的重要问题,为了探究多钝体流致振动的相互影响,针对不同间隙距离串列弹性支撑双方柱流致振动进行研究,方柱间距变化范围为2-6倍方柱边长D,分析折减速度在4.04-13.46时双方柱振幅及频率响应特性,并与串列被动控制双圆柱流致振动和相关方柱实验进行比较。研究结果表明,当方柱间距大于4 D时,上游方柱振动响应与单方柱实验结果相似,受下游方柱的影响较弱;双方柱流致振动在间距为4 D时得到加强,上下游方柱达到最大振幅,分别为1.06 D和1.10 D;当间距小于4 D时,双方柱流致振动减弱,与单方柱实验结果相比振幅减小;间距对双方柱的振动频率没有表现出明显影响。在折减速度为8.00时,随间距增大,上游方柱能在双方柱间隙内形成完整脱体旋涡,下游方柱的尾涡模态经历了2S(双单涡模态)、P+2S(涡对+双单涡组合模态)、2S的转变过程。     

大跨度缆索承重桥并列索尾流激振研究

近距离并列索(并列吊索和并列斜拉索)在大跨度缆索承重桥中应用广泛,下游索常会发生尾流致涡激共振、尾流驰振和尾流颤振等尾流激振。以间距为4 D(D为圆柱直径)的串列和错列双圆柱的尾流致涡激共振和尾流驰振为研究对象,在风攻角为0°~20°的条件下,主要通过风洞试验研究了下游圆柱发生尾流激振的起振条件、振动幅度和运动轨迹,研究了提高结构阻尼比的减振效果,讨论了尾流驰振的雷诺数效应,结合静止双圆柱绕流场的大涡模拟结果对尾流干扰机理进行了探讨。研究表明:在某些风攻角下,下游圆柱的尾流致涡激共振振幅远大于单圆柱涡激共振振幅;在0°以外的其他风攻角下,下游圆柱均发生大幅尾流驰振,但小攻角(5°和10°)与大攻角(20°)下的尾流驰振现象有明显差别,很可能存在不同的流场激励机理;风攻角为15°时,下游圆柱的尾流驰振有明显的雷诺数效应,其动力响应特性与经典驰振不同,下游圆柱起振后的振幅和运动轨迹随雷诺数(风速)的增大呈现复杂的变化形态;提高结构阻尼比可有效抑制下游圆柱的尾流致涡激共振,但对尾流驰振的减振效果不佳。     

高雷诺数下串列粗糙三圆柱的流致振动试验研究

通过试验研究了高雷诺数下串列粗糙三圆柱的流致振动,分析与探讨了刚度、间距比对各个圆柱振幅响应、频率响应、位移频谱的影响,并与串列粗糙双圆柱的结果进行对比,揭示了干扰圆柱数量的增加对受扰圆柱流致振动的影响规律。研究结果表明：在初始分支,上游圆柱对下游圆柱有强烈的屏蔽作用,而在上端分支,出现下游圆柱振幅超过上游圆柱的现象;在上端分支和过渡区域,低刚度条件下,下游圆柱干扰数量的增加可以明显降低上游圆柱的振动频率;在涡激振动区域,下游干扰圆柱数量的增加几乎不影响上游圆柱的振幅;在驰振区域,上游圆柱干扰数量的增加降低了下游圆柱的振幅,并随着刚度的增加对下游圆柱振幅的降低程度下降;间距比对串列粗糙三圆柱的流致振动响应具有显著影响。     

不同排列小间距双方柱涡激振动数值模拟研究

为研究不同排列下小间距双方柱涡激振动特性及其振动机理,在雷诺数为100时,对间距比为2、质量比为3的串列、错列和并列排列双方柱涡激振动进行数值模拟研究,分析了双柱在折合流速U_r=1～30下的响应振幅及频率特性,并得到振动柱体的升阻力系数,以了解其气动力系数的变化情况,探讨了不同排列下双柱尾流结构的变化情况。结果表明：串列及错列排列中,下游柱涡激振动振幅远大于单柱,上游柱振动受到抑制(θ=60°的双方柱排列情况除外)。并列排列中,双柱振动曲线几乎一致,其涡激振动振幅比单柱稍大。各排列双柱均发生尾流驰振现象,使其在U_r超出共振区时仍保持较高的振幅。不同排列的双柱阻力系数C_D(θ=30°的双柱排列下游柱除外)均在共振区内突增,在共振区外保持不变。在共振区内,双柱C_Lrms随U_r的变化情况与A^*的大小有关;在其余U_r范围内,双柱C_Lrms基本不变。串列双柱存在3种尾流模式,θ=30°双柱排列的尾流模式与串列双柱相似,但在...     

高雷诺数下串列圆柱尾流致涡激振动的机理研究

多圆柱之间的气动干扰常导致结构发生尾流激振。为进一步澄清双圆柱之间的气动干扰机理,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法,在高雷诺数下(Re=1.4×105)研究了串列双圆柱(圆心间距为1.5~4倍直径)的表面风压分布、气动力系数和Strouhal数等气动性能与流场流态之间的内在关系,研究了上、下游圆柱气动力之间的相关性,从平均和瞬态流场角度讨论了气动干扰效应的流场作用机制,建立了下游圆柱的激励力模型并对尾流致涡激振动进行了算例分析。研究结果表明:数值模拟得到的气动性能和流场流态与试验结果吻合较好,说明在高雷诺数下大涡模拟方法能准确模拟双圆柱气动干扰现象;随着间距的增大,串列圆柱依次呈现单一钝体、剪切层再附和双涡脱等三种干扰流态;上、下游圆柱气动力之间的相关性会随着流态的不同出现较大波动,双涡脱流态时的升力相关性最强;单一钝体流态时,两个圆柱间隙中的回流会导致下游圆柱受到负阻力的作用;双涡脱流态时,下游圆柱的脉动升力远大于其他两种流态,也明显大于单圆柱,因而下游圆柱发生尾流致涡激振动的可能性最大。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。