枇杷菜抗食用油脂氧化活性及其成分研究

用1：2（V／V）的氯仿：甲醇超声提取,并用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次对提取物进行萃取,利用Schaal烘箱法进行抗氧化实验,同时与合成抗氧化剂BHT进行对照。结果显示乙酸乙酯提取物（EAF）具有最高的抗氧化活性,其活性大于人工合成抗氧化剂BHT。利用硅胶、RP-18和Sephadex LH-20对其进行活性追踪分离,得到3种纯的抗氧化成分。利用现代波谱技术对其化学结构进行了鉴定,结果显示其为迷迭香酸、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖甙和山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖甙。抗氧化活性大小顺序为迷迭香酸〉槲皮素-3—O-葡萄糖甙〉山奈酚-3—O-葡萄糖甙〉EAF〉BHT。含酚羟基化合物的抗氧化活性与其结构密切相关。活性大小主要取决于酚羟基的数目。     

金钱草提取物的抗氧化活性及其成分研究

用1∶2的氯仿-甲醇超声提取金钱草成分,并用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次进行萃取,利用Schaal烘箱法进行抗氧化实验,同时与合成抗氧化剂BHT进行对照。结果显示,乙酸乙酯提取物(EAF)具有最高的抗氧化活性,其活性大于人工合成抗氧化剂BHT。利用硅胶、RP-18和Sephadex LH-20对其进行活性追踪分离,得到3种纯的抗氧化成分。利用现代波谱技术对其化学结构进行了鉴定,结果显示为槲皮素、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖甙和山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖甙。抗氧化活性顺序为:槲皮素>槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖甙>山奈酚-3-O-葡萄糖甙>EAF>BHT。酚羟基化合物的抗氧化活性与其结构密切相关,活性大小主要取决于酚羟基的数目。     

米口袋抗食用油脂氧化活性及其成分研究

用1:2的氯仿:甲醇超声提取米口袋成分,并用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次进行萃取,利用Schaal烘箱法进行抗氧化实验,同时与合成抗氧化剂BHT进行对照。结果显示乙酸乙酯提取物(EAF)具有最高的抗氧化活性,其活性大于人工合成抗氧化剂BHT。利用硅胶,RP-18和SephadexLH-20对其进行活性追踪分离,得到3种纯的抗氧化成分。利用现代波谱技术对其化学结构进行了鉴定。结果显示为槲皮素-3-o-葡萄糖甙、芹菜素和4’,7-二羟基黄酮。抗氧化活性大小顺序为槲皮素-3-o-葡萄糖甙>芹菜素>4’,7-二羟基黄酮>EAF>BHT。含酚羟基化合物的抗氧化活性与其结构密切相关。活性大小主要取决于酚羟基的数目。     

天然抗氧化剂对葵花籽油抗氧化作用的研究

研究天然维生素E、抗坏血酸、大豆磷脂、β-胡萝卜素、茶多酚、没食子酸、迷迭香提取物七种天然抗氧化剂对葵花籽油的抗氧化活性。研究结果表明:七种天然抗氧化剂对葵花籽油均具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中茶多酚、没食子酸和迷迭香提取物具有较好的抗氧化效果;对没食子酸和迷迭香提取物进行复配得出最佳质量比为4∶1;复合抗氧化剂最佳添加量为0.02%。     

槐米抗食用油脂氧化活性及其成分研究

用1:2的氯仿:甲醇超声提取槐米成分,并用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次进行萃取,利用Schaal烘箱法进行抗氧化实验,同时与合成抗氧化剂BHT进行对照。结果显示正丁醇提取物(BF)具有最高的抗氧化活性,其活性大于人工合成抗氧化剂BHT。利用硅胶、RP-18和SephadexLH-20对其进行活性追踪分离,得到两种纯的抗氧化成分。利用现代波谱技术对其化学结构进行了鉴定,结果显示为槲皮素和芦丁。抗氧化活性大小顺序为槲皮素>芦丁>BF>BHT。含酚羟基化合物的抗氧化活性与其结构密切相关。活性大小主要取决于酚羟基的数目。     

天然抗氧化剂对食用油氧化稳定性的研究

文章以花生油为研究对象研究了不同天然抗氧化剂对食用油的抗氧化作用,选用茶多酚、大豆磷脂、迷迭香提取物3种天然抗氧化剂以及大豆磷脂与没食子酸复配、迷迭香提取物与没食子酸复配的联合天然抗氧化剂,采用烘箱加热进行加速试验,研究它们对花生油氧化稳定性的影响,通过测量过氧化值(POV)评价油脂氧化的稳定性,研究结果表明:茶多酚、大豆磷脂、迷迭香提取物均能增强花生油的氧化稳定性,它们抗氧化活性的大小顺序依次为:迷迭香、茶多酚、大豆磷脂。并以此基础上复配的复合抗氧化剂均比单种抗氧化剂的抗氧化效果更好,其中以0.07%迷迭香提取物与0.04%没食子酸复配的复合抗氧化剂效果最好。     

迷迭香提取物抗鱼油氧化酸败的研究

以罗非鱼鱼油为原料,主要研究了迷迭香提取物的优化对鱼油的抗氧化作用,选用大豆磷脂、天然维生素E、没食子酸中抗氧化性能较好的一种与迷迭香提取物进行复配。研究结果表明:天然香辛料迷迭香提取物及其它三种天然抗氧化剂都对鱼油有一定的抗氧化活性,其中添加量为0.04%的迷迭香提取物和0.02%的没食子酸对鱼油有很好的抗氧化效果,且二者的抗氧化能力均与浓度成正比。以迷迭香提取物按60%的比例与没食子酸进行复配,复配添加量为0.025%时抗氧化效果最好。     

几种紫草复合抗氧化剂的抗氧化活性研究

研究了紫草的乙酸乙酯提取物对花生油的抗氧化活性,发现紫草提取物具有显著的抗氧化活性。随后对紫草提取物与苏木、知母、七叶一枝花提取物的复合抗氧化剂的抗氧化活性进行了实验,结果显示这些复合抗氧化剂的抗氧化活性明显优于单一组分紫草及常用的合成抗氧化剂BHT。同时还研究了酒石酸对这些复合抗氧化剂的抗氧化活性的影响。     

罗汉果叶黄酮抗氧化能力研究

采用磷钼络合物法研究了罗汉果叶总黄酮提取物的抗氧化能力。结果表明，该提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性，其抗氧化活性优于人工合成抗氧化剂BHT，是一种值得进一步开发利用的天然抗氧化剂。     

秦皮抗氧化成分的分离及其活性研究

用95%乙醇提取了秦皮中具有抗氧化活性的物质,并从中依次分离出七叶内酯、七叶甙,然后采用DPPH分析法研究了秦皮乙醇提取物及其主要成分七叶内酯、七叶甙对DPPH自由基的清除能力。结果显示,与合成抗氧化剂BHT比较,它们都有很强的自由基清除能力,其中七叶内酯对自由基的清除作用最强,秦皮乙醇提取物次之,七叶甙最弱;而且它们对自由基的清除能力与浓度和时间有关,浓度越大,抗氧化物加入时间越长,对自由基的清除能力就越强。     

Antioxidative principals of Jussiaea repens: an edible medicinal plant

Jussiaea repens L. (JRL) is an edible medicinal plant and is also used as a vegetable by the local people in southwestern China. The crude extract and its four fractions derived from JRL were evaluated for the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical‐scavenging capacity and the potassium ferricyanide reduction property. The ethyl acetate‐soluble fraction (EAF) and EAF6 (a subfraction derived from EAF) were the most valuable fraction and subfraction, respectively. Furthermore, bioactivity‐guided chromatographic fractionation revealed that three pure compounds greatly contributed to the antioxidant activities. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the major antioxidant constituents in the extract were systematically conducted by NMR, mass spectral analyses and RP‐HPLC. The result demonstrated that rosmarinic acid (2.00 mg g^?1 JRL dry weight) quercetin 3‐O‐β‐d ‐glucopyranoside (9.88 mg g^?1 JRL dry weight), and kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐d ‐glucopyranoside (1.85 mg g^?1 JRL dry weight) were the major antioxidative constituents in JRL. These compounds are reported for the first time from this plant.     

凤眼果壳多酚的抗氧化和抗人肺癌细胞A549增殖活性

本研究以凤眼果壳为原料,提取凤眼果壳游离态和结合态多酚,通过不同极性有机溶剂萃取游离态多酚获得四相提取物,分别是正己烷相(HF),乙酸乙酯相(EAF),正丁醇相(BF)和水相(Aq F)。测量游离态、结合态和萃取后的四相提取物的总多酚和总黄酮含量,结果表明游离态的多酚和黄酮含量均比结合态高。萃取后的四相提取物中,EAF的多酚和黄酮含量最高。通过DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力和还原力对结合态多酚和萃取后的四相提取物的抗氧化活性进行综合评价,EAF具有较好的抗氧化活性,其DPPH自由基清除率的EC50值为2.08 mg/mL,ABTS自由基清除率的EC50值为29.28 mg/mL,在10 mg/mL时,EAF的还原力达到0.81。采用HPLC技术分析,在EAF中鉴定出11种多酚类化合物:分别是表儿茶素、香草酸、异荭草素、阿魏酸、(反)阿魏酸、芦丁、槲皮苷、杨梅素、三叶苷、槲皮素和山奈酚。此外,EAF对人肺癌细胞A549的增殖具有剂量依赖性抑制作用,其抑制A549细胞增殖的EC50值为85.70μg/m L。这项研究获得的结果表明,凤眼果壳多酚提取物具有较好的抗氧化和抗A549细胞增殖活性,有助于凤眼果壳的综合利用和开发新的功能性试剂。     

Antioxidant activities of extract and fractions from Tuber indicum Cooke & Massee

The antioxidant activities of ethanolic crude extract (ECE) and its four different solvent sub-fractions (namely, petroleum ether fraction (PEF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butyl alcohol fraction (BAF) and the rest fraction (RF)) from Tuber indicum were investigated using several in vitro antioxidant assays. ECE and four sub-fractions possessed different antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities in different assays. BAF showed the most potent radical-scavenging activity on DPPH radicals, superoxide anion radicals and reducing power, with EC₅₀ values of 1.38, 0.96, 16.0 mg/ml, respectively. EAF exhibited the highest hydroxyl radical-scavenging and ferrous ion chelating activities with EC₅₀ values of 3.31 and 0.70 mg/ml, respectively. The total phenolics (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) were also determined. BAF had the highest TP and TF contents, and the next was EAF. These results showed that the amounts of phenolics and flavonoids were in accordance with higher effectiveness in scavenging radicals and chelating ferrous ions.     

Isolation and Identification of Phenolic Antioxidants in Black Rice Bran

Black rice bran contains phenolic compounds of a high antioxidant activity. In this study, the 40% acetone extract of black rice bran was sequentially fractionated to obtain 5 fractions. Out of the 5 fractions, ethyl acetate fraction was subfractionated using the Sephadex LH‐20 chromatography. The antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in the extracts was investigated by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, 2,2‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylenebenzothiozoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation assay, reducing power. The subfraction 2 from ethyl acetate fraction had the highest total phenolic contents (TPC) (816.0 μg/mg) and the lowest EC₅₀ values (47.8 μg/mL for DPPH radical assay, 112.8 μg/mL for ABTS radical cation assay, and 49.2 μg/mL for reducing power). These results were 3.1, 1.3, and 2.6 times lower than those of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), respectively. At a concentration of 100 μg/mL, the antioxidant activity and TPC of various extracts was closely correlated, with correlation coefficients (R²) higher than 0.86. The major phenolic acid in subfraction 2 was identified as ferulic acid (178.3 μg/mg) by HPLC and LC‐ESI/MS/MS analyses. Our finding identified ferulic acid as a major phenolic compound in black rice bran, and supports the potential use of black rice bran as a natural source of antioxidant.     

Inhibition of haemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation in washed cod muscle and cod protein isolates by Fucus vesiculosus extract and fractions

The effects of Fucus vesiculosus extract and fractions towards haemoglobin- (Hb-) catalysed lipid oxidation in washed cod muscle system and cod protein isolates during ice storage were examined. The extract and fractions were characterised in terms of total phlorotannin content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion-chelating ability and reducing power. Progression of oxidation was followed by determining rancid odour, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), redness and volatile oxidation compounds by gas chromatography (GC). In both washed cod muscle and protein isolates, phlorotannin-enriched ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed higher inhibitory effect than crude 80% ethanol (EtOH) extract. The addition of oligomeric phlorotannin-rich subfraction (LH-2) separated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, completely inhibited the initiation of lipid peroxidation in both systems throughout the entire study period (8 days). Its effectiveness at 300 mg/kg level was comparable to that of 100 mg/kg propyl gallate (PG), a highly effective synthetic antioxidant in muscle foods. Although polymeric phlorotannin-rich subfraction (LH-5) had similar level of TPC and chemical antioxidant activities as oligomeric subfraction LH-2, it was far less efficient in model systems. These results suggest that other factors rather than the intrinsic reactivity toward radicals could be responsible for the inhibitory effect of phlorotannins on lipid oxidation in fish muscle. This study highlights the great potential of oligomeric phlorotannins as novel natural antioxidants in fish and fish products.     

Targeted phenolic analysis in Hericium erinaceum and its antioxidant activities

The ABTS⁺-radical-cation scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing/antioxidant power, and nitrite scavenging activity of the methanol extract from Hericium erinaceum and its subfractions were assessed. Among the methanol extract subfractions tested, the chloroform subfraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity in the most experiments, except for the ferric reducing/antioxidant power. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of the chloroform subfraction was 378.89 μmol/g of sample. This subfraction also scavenged 35.80% of DPPH radicals at 500 μg/mL. The highest ferric reducing/ antioxidant power was found in the n-hexane subfraction (174.82 μmol FeSO₄·7H₂O/g). The chloroform, n-hexane, and n-butanol subfractions had high total phenolic compound content, with ferulic acid equivalents of 35.18, 19.08, and 11.23 mg/g, respectively. Flavonoids were found mostly in the chloroform subfraction, and the 4 phenolic compounds were identified in the same fraction as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, 4-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid by electrospray ionization (ESI) LC-MS/MS analysis.     

覆盆子不同多酚组成及抗氧化、抗糖尿病活性

为阐明覆盆子不同形态多酚抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性差异,采用不同溶剂和方法提取覆盆子中的水溶、醇溶、游离和结合多酚,比较不同提取物的总酚、总黄酮和可水解单宁含量差异,测定其自由基清除能力、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制和抗糖基化能力,并采用质谱技术测定活性最佳样品的主要化学成分。结果表明：覆盆子醇溶性多酚提取物的总酚和可水解单宁含量最高,分别为414.95、182.47 μg/mg（以每毫克提取物中所含没食子酸当量表示）,同时具有最高的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力、2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基清除能力、α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制能力,半抑制浓度分别为40.68、23.90 μg/mL和1.65 μg/mL。结合多酚提取物的总黄酮含量和抗糖基化能力最强。共从醇溶性多酚中初步鉴定出31 个化合物,单宁类和黄酮类化合物为其主要活性成分。因此,提取游离多酚和水溶性成分后的覆盆子残渣具有进一步利用、开发高活性抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性成分的应用价值。     

Nitric oxide-scavenging and antioxidant effects of Uraria crinita root

The antioxidant activity and the nitric oxide-scavenging effect of methanol extracts (MEUR), and their ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), from Uraria crinita root, were investigated. The results of the comet assay indicated that both MEUR and EAF could inhibit DNA damage in macrophage induced by sodium nitroprusside at a concentration of 25–200 μg/ml. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. The TEAC values of MEUR and EAF were 0.2 and 0.4, respectively, at a concentration of 200 μg/ml. The antioxidant activity and nitric oxide-scavenging effect of MEUR and EAF showed concentration-dependence. In addition, the results also showed a decreasing effect on nitric oxide production of lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7, for both extracts. One of the major antioxidative components was isolated from EAF and was identified as genistein, on the basis of UV-vis spectral, IR, MS and NMR analyses. Thus, the traditional edible plant, Uraria crinita, may have potential as an antioxidant and as a nitric oxide-scavenging agent.     

Evaluation of antioxidant property of extract and fractions obtained from a red alga, Polysiphonia urceolata

Antioxidant activity (AA), total phenolic content, and reducing power of the crude extract, fractions, and subfractions derived from a red alga, Polysiphonia urceolata, were evaluated and determined. The antioxidative activity was measured using the α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the β-carotene–linoleate assay systems, and compared with that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), gallic acid (GA), and ascorbic acid (AscA). The results showed that the crude extract and the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction exhibited higher AA than BHT in the DPPH assay model, at all of four concentration levels tested (from 0.4 to 50 μg/ml), while, in the β-carotene–linoleate assay system, the crude extract and the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction exhibited similar or, in most cases, higher AA than GA and AscA at the same concentrations (from 10 to 200 μg/ml). The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction was further fractionated into seven subfractions F1–F7 by silica gel vacuum liquid chromatography. F1 was found to be the most effective subfraction in both assay systems. The total phenolic content and reducing power were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu and the potassium ferricyanide reduction methods, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated a significant association between the antioxidant potency and total phenolic content as well as between the antioxidant potency and reducing power.     

Composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and extracts of Stachys inflata Benth from Iran

Composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and methanol extract polar and nonpolar subfractions of Stachys inflata were determined. GC and GC/MS analyse of the essential oil showed 45 constituents representing 95.46% of the oil, the major components linalool (28.55%), α-terpineol (9.45%), spathulenol (8.37%) and (2E)-hexenal (4.62%) constituted 50.99% of it. Essential oil and extracts were also tested for their antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. In the DPPH test, IC₅₀ value for the polar subfraction was 89.50 μg/ml, indicating an antioxidant potency of about 22% of that of butylated hydroxytoluene (IC₅₀ = 19.72 μg/ml) for this extract. In β-carotene/linoleic acid assay, the best inhibition belonged to the nonpolar subfraction (77.08%). Total phenolic content of the polar and nonpolar extract subfractions was 5.4 and 2.8% (w/w), respectively. The plant also showed a week antimicrobial activity against three strains of tested microorganisms. Linalool and α-terpineol were also tested as major components of the oil and showed no antioxidant but considerable antimicrobial activities.