Real-Time Attitude Stabilization of a Mini-UAV Quad-rotor Using Motor Speed Feedback

A real-time attitude stabilization control scheme is proposed for the efficient performance of a mini-UAV Quad-Rotor. Brushless DC (BLDC) motor speed sensing is performed by reflective sensors in order to obtain a robust stabilization of the vehicle in hovering mode both indoor and outdoor. The speed measurement has the advantage of introducing this state information directly in the closed loop control which should be very useful for achieving robust stabilization of the mini-UAV. Furthermore a stabilizing control strategy based on Control Lyapunov Function (CLF) is proposed. The control scheme contains two control loops. The inner loop is devoted to control the motors speed while the outer loop is devoted to control the attitude stabilization of a mini-UAV. Assuming that the motors can be considered as a disturbance of the system, then by the standard singular perturbation theory, we may conclude that the system is asymptotically stable. Finally, to verify the satisfactory performance of proposed embedded controller, simulations and experimental results of speed sensing feedback in BLDC motors of the Quad-rotor aircraft in the presence of disturbances are presented.     

基于低通非奇异终端滑模引导的舰载机抗侧风着舰控制技术

针对舰载机的抗侧风着舰控制问题,设计一种低通非奇异终端滑模引导算法（LNTSMC）用于提高舰载机的抗侧风引导能力. 首先, 基于 H_∞混合灵敏度控制设计内环姿态鲁棒控制系统, 并推导舰载机着舰飞行时的侧向引导方程;然后,基于齐次性理论设计一种积分非奇异终端滑模面,使其在满足低通滑模控制器设计要求的同时避免控制奇异现象;进一步,设计一种带边界层的幂指数趋近律来抑制滑模控制中的抖振情况,并引入非齐次干扰观测器来改善边界层内部的鲁棒稳定性; 最后, 通过 Lyapunov 定理证明所设计算法的有限时间稳定性, 并给出仿真结果. 仿真结果表明,所设计的引导算法具有良好的抗侧风性能,通过与已有算法进行对比,验证了所提出算法的优越性.     

Robust Control of a Bevel-Tip Needle for Medical Interventional Procedures

In minimally invasive surgery, one of the main objectives is to ensure safety and target reaching accuracy during needle steering inside the target organ. In this research work, the needle steering approach is determined using a robust control algorithm namely the integral sliding mode control(ISMC) strategy to eliminate the chattering problem associated with the general clinical scenario. In general, the discontinuity component of feedback control input is not appropriate for the needle steering methodology due to the practical limitations of the driving actuators. Thus in ISMC, we have incorporated the replacement of the discontinuous component using a super twisting control(STC)input due to its unique features of chattering elimination and disturbance observation characteristics. In our study, the kinematic model of an asymmetric flexible bevel-tip needle in a soft-tissue phantom is used to evaluate stability analysis. A comparative study based on the analysis of chattering elimination is executed to determine the performance of the proposed control strategy in real-time needle steering with conventional sliding mode control using vision feedback through simulation and experimental results. This validates the efficacy of the proposed control strategy for clinical needle steering.     

级联式滑模观测器的永磁同步电机鲁棒滑模控制

提出了一种基于无速度传感器运行的永磁同步电机非线性控制方法。针对电机速度和位置观测,设计了一种新颖的级联式滑模观测器,解决了传统滑模观测采用低通滤波器的相位延迟问题。前级电流滑模观测器得到反电动势,后级反电动势滑模观测器获取转速和位置信息,利用李亚普诺夫理论进行了稳定性分析。针对速度控制,提出了带扩张状态观测器的滑模速度控制器取代PI调节器,提高了系统的鲁棒性。在滑模观测和控制中均利用双曲正切函数取代符号函数,削弱了系统抖振。将上述方法应用到永磁同步电机矢量控制系统中,通过仿真验证方法的有效性。     

考虑非线性因素的飞机防滑刹车系统控制

飞机的刹车过程存在较强的非线性,目前广泛应用的速度差加压力偏调式(PBM)控制律难以实现对飞机刹车的高性能控制.本文提出了一种考虑飞机刹车过程中非线性因素的滑模控制律.首先建立考虑轮胎跑道非线性和刹车盘摩擦系数非线性的的飞机防滑刹车系统非线性模型,然后设计了滑模观测器对飞机速度进行估计,并在此基础上设计了一种滑模变结构控制律,最后基于模糊理论对滑模控制律进行优化,从而抑制控制器的抖振.仿真结果表明,基于模糊指数趋近律的滑模变结构控制律控制效果优于传统“PD+PBM”控制律,抑制控制器输出抖振效果良好,能够很好的适应刹车过程中的复杂非线性因素,刹车效率高,控制方法合理有效.     

Design of a chatter-free terminal sliding mode controller for nonlinear fractional-order dynamical systems

This paper investigates the problem of robust control of nonlinear fractional-order dynamical systems in the presence of uncertainties. First, a novel switching surface is proposed and its finite-time stability to the origin is proved. Subsequently, using the sliding mode theory, a robust fractional control law is proposed to ensure the existence of the sliding motion in finite time. We use a fractional Lyapunov stability theory to prove the stability of the system in a given finite time. In order to avoid the chattering, which is inherent in conventional sliding mode controllers, we transfer the sign function of the control input into the fractional derivative of the control signal. The proposed chattering-free sliding mode technique is then applied for stabilisation of a broad class of three-dimensional fractional-order chaotic systems via a single variable driving control input. Simulation results reveal that the proposed fractional sliding mode controller works well for chaos control of fractional-order hyperchaotic Chen, chaotic Lorenz and chaotic Arneodo systems with no-chatter control inputs.     

基于RBF神经网络的作业型AUV自适应终端滑模控制方法及实验研究

研究了作业型AUV （自主水下机器人）的轨迹跟踪控制问题.实际作业中,水下机械手展开作业过程将引起AUV动力学性能变化,进而影响AUV轨迹跟踪控制;并且水流环境干扰亦将影响AUV轨迹跟踪控制.针对上述AUV轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出一种基于RBF （径向基函数）神经网络的AUV自适应终端滑模运动控制方法.该方法在李亚普诺夫稳定性理论框架下,采用RBF网络对机械手展开引起的AUV动力学性能变化和水流环境干扰进行在线逼近,并结合自适应终端滑模控制器对神经网络权值和AUV控制参数进行自适应在线调节.通过李亚普诺夫稳定性理论,证明AUV系统轨迹跟踪误差一致稳定有界.针对滑模控制项引起的控制量抖振问题,提出一种变滑模增益的饱和连续函数滑模抖振降低方法,以降低滑模控制量抖振.通过AUV实验样机的艏向和垂向的轨迹跟踪实验,验证了本文AUV系统控制方法和滑模降抖振方法的有效性.     

面向小型无人机导航的滑模控制算法研究

设计一种简单、高效、稳健的导航算法对无人机来说非常重要。分析了无人机的运动学和动力学特性,提出了一种基于滑模控制理论的非线性导航算法。针对滑模控制中出现的抖振问题,重新进行了控制律设计,并对制导参数进行了优化。实际测试结果表明,所提出的导航控制算法具有良好的性能指标,可跟踪任意航路点,可实现无人机自主飞行。     

基于干扰观测器的一类不确定非线性系统自适应二阶动态terminal滑模控制

针对一类不确定非线性系统的跟踪控制问题,在考虑建模误差、参数不确定和外部干扰情况下,以其拥有良好的跟踪性能以及强鲁棒性为目标,提出基于回归扰动模糊神经网络干扰观测器(recurrent perturbation fuzzy neural networks disturbance observer,RPFNNDO)的鲁棒自适应二阶动态terminal滑模控制策略.将回归网络、模糊神经网络和sine-cosine扰动函数各自优势相结合,给出一种回归扰动模糊神经网络结构,提出RPFNNDO设计方法,保证干扰估计准确性;构造基于带有指数函数滑模面的二阶快速terminal滑模面,给出其控制器设计过程,避免了滑模到达阶段、传统滑模的抖振问题,采用具有指数收敛的鲁棒项抑制干扰估计误差对系统跟踪性能的影响,利用Lyapunov理论证明闭环系统的稳定性;将该方法应用于混沌陀螺系统同步控制仿真实验,结果表明所提方法的有效性.     

舰载机自动着舰纵向控制系统设计

航空母舰在大海上以一定速度作匀速直线运动时,海浪激励舰体作三自由度摆动运动,同时伴有低空大气紊流和舰尾流的干扰,使得舰载机着舰的环境十分恶劣,这样对自动着舰控制系统提出了极大的挑战.针对这一特殊问题,本文提出一种指令滤波积分反步滑模控制方法,首先该方法采用指令滤波处理反步的计算膨胀问题,然后引入滑模控制来解决外界扰动和匹配不确定性问题.考虑到降低滑模控制引起的抖动,本文利用高阶滑模控制的思想,在传统的反步方法上增加了一个附加虚拟控制状态方程,将控制器的最终输出作用在一个积分器上,这样不仅可以降低滑模控制的抖动,还可以利用反步方法处理不匹配不确定性问题.最后在理论上证明了所提出方法的全局稳定性,并通过仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于线性化反馈的径向神经滑模控制器设计

针对非线性系统,采用径向神经网络逼近及自适应控制方法,利用线性化反馈技术,设计一种自适应神经滑模控制器。滑模变结构控制具有独特的鲁棒性能以及对匹配不确定性和外干扰的完全自适应等特点,但容易出现系统抖振问题,将神经网络应用于滑模变结构控制系统的设计中,系统抖振得到抑制。仿真结果也表明将神经网络与滑模控制相结合的方法是行之有效的。     

油浸式变压器内部检测球形机器人的深度悬停控制研究

为实现设计的油浸式变压器内部检测机器人在实际作业过程中能针对深度方向某具体点进行观测,对机器人的深度悬停控制进行研究.通过对机器人控制策略的分析,根据水下机器人动力学理论,建立机器人在变压器油特殊介质的动力学模型.基于鲁棒反演控制方法及滑模自适应控制理论,提出一种鲁棒反演滑模控制方法,采用模糊控制器设计滑模面切换增益,以削弱不确定干扰带来的系统抖振,并通过Lyapunov理论分析证明控制器稳定性.解决了机器人在变压器油中因耦合、外界扰动等造成的深度悬停定点过程自旋及抖动问题,仿真及实验表明了所提出控制器的有效性.     

集成神经网络与自适应算法的分数阶滑模控制

针对被控对象的参数时变和外部扰动问题,本文融合神经网络的万能逼近能力和自适应控制技术,并结合分数阶微积分理论,提出了基于神经网络和自适应控制算法的分数阶滑模控制策略.本文采用等效控制的方法设计滑模控制律,并利用神经网络的万能逼近能力估测控制律的变化,结合自适应控制算法和分数阶微积分理论抑制传统滑模控制系统的抖震,同时根据Lyapunov稳定性理论分析了系统的稳定性,最后给出了实验结果.实验结果表明,本文提出的基于神经网络和自适应控制算法的分数阶滑模控制系统,能保持滑模控制器对系统外部扰动和参数变化鲁棒性的同时,也能有效地抑制抖震,使得系统获得较高的控制性能.     

基于幂次趋近率的机械手滑模控制系统

为实现对机械手的快速高精度跟踪,采用滑模变结构控制算法对机械手进行控制。针对机械手在趋近滑模面的过程中所存在的抖震问题,在基于模糊补偿的鲁棒自适应控制的基础上,设计了一种基于趋近率的自适应模糊滑模机械手控制系统,使得系统能更快的趋近滑模面,削弱系统抖震现象。基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台上搭建了机械手控制系统,仿真结果表明,加入趋近率能加快系统趋近滑模面,提高了系统的稳定性和跟踪性能。     

舰船混沌运动的单输入自适应变结构控制

针对在舰船混沌运动控制中由模型不确定性及外部扰动无法确知所引起的控制结果无法保证的问题,采用自适应控制与滑模变结构控制相结合的方法,在设计切换函数时,将符号函数转移到控制输入的一阶导数当中,有效抑制了变结构控制中的抖振问题,并提出了一种单输入自适应滑模变结构控制方法.实验结果表明,与传统滑模变结构控制相比,新方法能够在系统模型具有不确定性及未知外部扰动的情况下实现舰船混沌运动的良好控制,为舰船混沌运动控制提供了一种可靠的工程实现途径.     

Adaptive Chattering Free Neural Network Based Sliding Mode Control for Trajectory Tracking of Redundant Parallel Manipulators

In this paper, an adaptive chattering free neural network‐based sliding mode control (ACFN‐SMC) method is proposed for tracking trajectories of redundant parallel manipulators. ACFN‐SMC combines adaptive chattering free radial basis function neural networks (RBFN), sliding mode control with online updating the robust term parameters, and a nonlinear compensation item for reducing tracking errors. The stability of the closed‐loop system with modeling uncertainties, frictional uncertainties, and external disturbances is ensured by using the Lyapunov method. The proposed controller has a simple structure and little computation time while securing dynamic performance with expected quality in tracking trajectories of redundant parallel manipulators. In addition, the ACFN‐SMC strategy does not need to know the upper bound of any uncertainties. From the simulation results, it is evident that the proposed control strategy not only has significantly higher robustness capability for uncertainties but also can achieve better chattering elimination when compared with those using existing intelligent control schemes.     

Sliding mode variable structure control for visual servoing system

A visual servoing tracking controller is proposed based on the sliding mode control theory in order to achieve strong robustness against parameter variations and external disturbances. A sliding plane with time delay compensation is presented by the pre-estimate of states. To reduce the chattering of the sliding mode controller, a modified exponential reaching law and hyperbolic tangent function are applied to the design of visual controller and robot joint controller. Simulation results show that the visual servoing control scheme is robust and has good tracking performance.     

改进幂次趋近律的机械臂滑模控制律设计

针对机械臂滑模控制中存在的抖振问题,采用趋近律的方法来进行改善,在对机械臂的控制特点和常用的滑模趋近律进行分析的基础上,针对幂次趋近律的缺点,提出了一种改进的幂次趋近律,并对其趋近性能进行了分析;根据机械臂动力学模型和改进的幂次趋近律设计了相应的滑模控制策略,对其控制策略的位置跟踪特性和抖振消除能力等进行了验证;仿真结果表明,该控制策略不仅有效地抑制了机械臂滑模控制中的抖振问题,而且保证了机械臂系统对期望轨迹的快速跟踪性,具有更好的趋近特性和收敛特性。     

Implementation of robust impedance and force control

In this paper, we discuss the problem of implementing impedance control in the presence of model uncertainties and its application to robot force control. We first propose a sliding mode-based impedance controller. The implementation of the targeted impedance, and the preservation of stability in the presence of model uncertainties, are the key issues in the proposed approach. Using sliding mode control, a simple and robust algorithm is obtained so that the targeted impedance can be accurately implemented without the exact model of the robot. The controller is designed in terms of the task space coordinates. The chattering in the sliding mode control is eliminated by using a continuous function. The problem of force control is also addressed for the impedance controlled robot. An off-line estimation method of the environment model is suggested and used in the force control scheme. The proposed impedance and force control schemes have been experimentally verified on a two degree-of-freedom direct-drive robot arm. The experimental results are presented in this paper.     

A new hybrid robust control of MEMS gyroscope

To control microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscope axis, we propose and investigate a new robust sliding mode controller (NRSMC). The sliding surface in the phase space converges to the equilibrium point within a finite period from any initial state. However, the main drawback of this control system is the chattering phenomenon, which is undesirable for the MEMS system. To solve this problem, we suggest a novel hybrid control system which improves trajectory tracking and eliminates the chattering. The dynamic stability of NRSMC against external disturbances is proved by applying the Lyapunov theory. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by numerical simulation with a random noise applied to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed control system.