基于区间二型模糊集合的语言动力系统稳定性

运用区间二型模糊集合(Interval type-2 fuzzy sets, IT2 FSs) 的扩展原理将常规的数值函数转化为对应的区间二型模糊函数, 并给出了相应的词计算(Computing with words, CW)方法与算法,最后分析了严格单调情况下基于区间二型模糊集合的单输入单输出系统的语言动力系统(Linguistic dynamic systems, LDS)稳定性.     

二型模糊决策理论与方法研究综述

二型模糊集(type-2 fuzzy set, T2FS)是将模糊集中的隶属函数拓展为一型模糊集而产生的集合,其具有表示更深层次不确定性的优势,能够极大程度地增强对客观世界不确定性的刻画能力.因此,近年来围绕二型模糊环境下的决策理论与方法研究得到了蓬勃发展.鉴于此,对二型模糊决策理论与方法进行系统性综述,梳理该领域的发展脉络,阐明现有工作的研究态势,总结二型模糊信息集成与决策的主要研究成果.首先,介绍二型模糊集的发展历程和基础理论研究现状;然后,分别针对基于二型模糊信息的决策基础理论(信息融合理论、偏好关系理论和测度理论)以及决策方法的研究现状进行概述;最后,对二型模糊决策理论与方法的未来研究方向进行展望.     

基于FPSO的电力巡检机器人的广义二型模糊逻辑控制

针对电力巡检机器人(Power-line inspection robot, PLIR)的平衡调节问题, 设计了广义二型模糊逻辑控制器(General type-2 fuzzy logic controller, GT2FLC); 针对GT2FLC中隶属函数参数难以确定的问题, 通过模糊粒子群(Fuzzy particle swarm optimization, FPSO)算法来优化隶属函数参数. 将GT2FLC的控制性能与区间二型模糊逻辑控制器(Interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller, IT2FLC)和一型模糊逻辑控制器(Type-1 fuzzy logic controller, T1FLC) 的控制性能进行对比. 除此之外, 还考虑了外部干扰对三种控制器控制效果的影响. 仿真结果表明, GT2FLC具有更好的性能和处理不确定性的能力.     

正态模糊集合——Fuzzy集理论的新拓展

直觉模糊集（intuitionistic fuzzy sets）、区间值模糊集（interval-valued fuzzy sets）以及Vague集对普通fuzzy集的扩展是给出了隶属度的上下限，把隶属度从[0，1]区间中的一个单值推广到了[0，1]的子区间。但是该子区间犹如一个黑洞，隶属度在其内部的分布情况我们无从知晓，即这个子区间中的每一个值是等可能地作为元素的隶属度还是区间中的某些值较另外的值有更大的可能性呢？为了清晰的刻画出元素的隶属度在[0，1]区间中的分布情况，本文通过对投票模型的分析及正态分布理论，提出了一种新的模糊集合——正态模糊集合，同时对正态模糊集合的交、并、补等基本运算性质进行了讨论，文章最后对正态模糊集与fuzzy集、直觉模糊集的相互关系也作出了详细阐述。正态模糊集合是模糊集合理论的进一步推广，为我们处理模糊信息提供了一种全新的思想方法。     

基于正态分布函数的直觉模糊集的相似度量方法

直觉模糊集合(intuitionistic fuzzy sets,简称IFSs)是模糊集(fuzzy sets,简称FSs)的拓展,IFSs间的相似度量是IFSs理论中的一个重要研究问题.在对现存的IFSs的相似度量方法进行研究的基础上,基于投票模型,提出了一种新的基于正态分布函数的相似度量方法,实例证明该方法既可以解决几种特殊的直觉模糊集合之间的相似度量问题,也可以克服现存的几种相似度量方法中所存在的缺陷,而且还非常适合于语言变量之间的相似度量,为IFSs在数据库的模糊查询的应用提供了一种新的方法.     

P-模糊集(AF,AF)及其应用

把动态特性引入到有限普通集合X内,改进了普通集合X,提出了P-集合(packet sets) ; P-集合是由内P集合XF (internal packet set XF)与外P集合XF (outer packet set XF)构成的集合对;或者(XF,XF)是P集合。P-集合具有动态特性:内P-集合具有内一动态特性,外P集合具有外一动态特性。把P集合(XF,XF)引入到L. A. Zadeh模糊集A中,改进L. A. Zadeh模糊集A,提出P模糊集(packet fuzzy sets). P-模糊集是由内P模糊集AF (internal packet fuzzy sctAF)与外P模糊集AF (outer packet fuzzy set AF)构成的模糊集合对,或者(AF'AF)是P模糊集。P模糊集具有动态特性,给出了P模糊集的若干特征与应用。在一定条件下,P模糊集(AF, AF)能够回到L.A. Zadch模糊集A的“原点”。P模糊集比L. A. Zadeh模糊集具有更大的应用空间。P模糊集是模糊集理论与应用中的一个新的研究方向。     

广义二型模糊逻辑系统降型及其采样离散Nie-Tan算法

广义二型模糊逻辑系统在近年来成为学术研究的热点问题,而降型是该系统中的核心模块。最近的研究证明了连续Nie-Tan(CNT)算法是计算区间二型模糊集质心的准确方法。发现了离散Nie-Tan(NT)算法中的求和运算和CNT算法中的求积分运算的内在联系,用2类算法完成基于广义二型模糊集α-平面表达理论的广义二型模糊逻辑系统质心降型。3个计算机仿真实验表明,当适当增加主变量采样点个数时,所提出的基于主变量采样的离散NT算法计算出的广义二型模糊逻辑系统质心降型集和解模糊化值结果可以精确地逼近基准的CNT算法,且采样离散NT算法的计算效率远远高于CNT算法的效率。     

关于二型模糊集合的一些基本问题

采用集合论的方法给出了单位模糊集合和二型模糊集合及其在一点的限制等定义,使得二型模糊集合更易于理解.通过定义嵌入单位模糊集合来描述一般二型模糊集合,并给出离散、半连通二型模糊集合的表达式.根据论域、主隶属度及隶属函数的特性将二型模糊集合分为四种类型:离散、半连通、连通及复合型,并根据连通的特点将连通二型模糊集合分为单连通及多连通两类.利用支集的闭包（Closure of support,CoS）划分法表述主隶属度及区间二型模糊集合.提出了CoS二、三次划分法分别来表述单、复连通二型模糊集合,并使每一个子区域的上下边界及次隶属函数在该子区域上的限制分别具有相同的解析表述式.最后,探讨了二型模糊集合在一点的限制、主隶属度、支集、嵌入单位模糊集合之间的关系.     

一种新型的二维PID模糊控制器

通过对常规PID控制器的结构分析,设计出一种新型的二维PID模糊控制器,其结构形式简称为fuzzy PD+ fuzzy ID型.根据模糊规则的图解分析,提出fuzzy ID控制嚣的输入变量(偏差和偏差变化加速率)与输出变量之间的控制结构,并确定两控制器的模糊控制规则的相似性.通过对该PID模糊控制器的结构分析,给出与常...     

离散型和连续型改进Karnik-Mendel算法在高阶模糊系统降型中的关系研究

降型是广义二型模糊逻辑系统的核心模块。比较和分析了离散改进Karnik-Mendel（EKM）算法中求和运算和连续EKM(CEKM)算法中求积分运算,基于广义二型模糊集的α-平面表达理论,扩展EKM算法计算完成广义二型模糊逻辑系统质心降型。当计算广义二型模糊逻辑系统的质心降型集和质心解模糊化值时,用2个仿真实验说明了当适当增加广义二型模糊集主变量采样个数时,离散EKM算法的计算结果可以准确地逼近CEKM算法。     

Uncertainty measures for interval type-2 fuzzy sets

Fuzziness (entropy) is a commonly used measure of uncertainty for type-1 fuzzy sets. For interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FSs), centroid, cardinality, fuzziness, variance and skewness are all measures of uncertainties. The centroid of an IT2 FS has been defined by Karnik and Mendel. In this paper, the other four concepts are defined. All definitions use a Representation Theorem for IT2 FSs. Formulas for computing the cardinality, fuzziness, variance and skewness of an IT2 FS are derived. These definitions should be useful in IT2 fuzzy logic systems design using the principles of uncertainty, and in measuring the similarity between two IT2 FSs.     

Interval type-2 fuzzy membership function generation methods for pattern recognition

Type-2 fuzzy sets (T2 FSs) have been shown to manage uncertainty more effectively than T1 fuzzy sets (T1 FSs) in several areas of engineering [4], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [15], [16], [17], [18], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27] and [30]. However, computing with T2 FSs can require undesirably large amount of computations since it involves numerous embedded T2 FSs. To reduce the complexity, interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FSs) can be used, since the secondary memberships are all equal to one [21]. In this paper, three novel interval type-2 fuzzy membership function (IT2 FMF) generation methods are proposed. The methods are based on heuristics, histograms, and interval type-2 fuzzy C-means. The performance of the methods is evaluated by applying them to back-propagation neural networks (BPNNs). Experimental results for several data sets are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed membership assignments.     

Type-2 Fuzzistics for Symmetric Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets: Part 1, Forward Problems

Interval type-2 fuzzy sets (T2 FS) play a central role in fuzzy sets as models for words and in engineering applications of T2 FSs. These fuzzy sets are characterized by their footprints of uncertainty (FOU), which in turn are characterized by their boundaries-upper and lower membership functions (MF). In this two-part paper, we focus on symmetric interval T2 FSs for which the centroid (which is an interval type-1 FS) provides a measure of its uncertainty. Intuitively, we anticipate that geometric properties about the FOU, such as its area and the center of gravities (centroids) of its upper and lower MFs, will be associated with the amount of uncertainty in such a T2 FS. The main purpose of this paper (Part 1) is to demonstrate that our intuition is correct and to quantify the centroid of a symmetric interval T2 FS, and consequently its uncertainty, with respect to such geometric properties. It is then possible, for the first time, to formulate and solve forward problems, i.e., to go from parametric interval T2 FS models to data with associated uncertainty bounds. We provide some solutions to such problems. These solutions are used in Part 2 to solve some inverse problems, i.e., to go from uncertain data to parametric interval T2 FS models (T2 fuzzistics)     

Data-driven modeling and optimization of thermal comfort and energy consumption using type-2 fuzzy method

In the research domain of intelligent buildings and smart home, modeling and optimization of the thermal comfort and energy consumption are important issues. This paper presents a type-2 fuzzy method based data-driven strategy for the modeling and optimization of thermal comfort words and energy consumption. First, we propose a methodology to convert the interval survey data on thermal comfort words to the interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FSs) which can reflect the inter-personal and intra-personal uncertainties contained in the intervals. This data-driven strategy includes three steps: survey data collection and pre-processing, ambiguity-preserved conversion of the survey intervals to their representative type-1 fuzzy sets (T1 FSs), IT2 FS modeling. Then, using the IT2 FS models of thermal comfort words as antecedent parts, an evolving type-2 fuzzy model is constructed to reflect the online observed energy consumption data. Finally, a multiobjective optimization model is presented to recommend a reasonable temperature range that can give comfortable feeling while reducing energy consumption. The proposed method can be used to realize comfortable but energy-saving environment in smart home or intelligent buildings.     

Type-2 fuzzy sets and systems: an overview

This paper provides an introduction to and an overview of type-2 fuzzy sets (T2 FS) and systems. It does this by answering the following questions: What is a T2 FS and how is it different from a T1 FS? Is there new terminology for a T2 FS? Are there important representations of a T2 FS and, if so, why are they important? How and why are T2 FSs used in a rule-based system? What are the detailed computations for an interval T2 fuzzy logic system (IT2 FLS) and are they easy to understand? Is it possible to have an IT2 FLS without type reduction? How do we wrap this up and where can we go to learn more?     

$alpha$-Plane Representation for Type-2 Fuzzy Sets: Theory and Applications

This paper 1) reviews the alpha-plane representation of a type-2 fuzzy set (T2 FS), which is a representation that is comparable to the alpha-cut representation of a type-1 FS (T1 FS) and is useful for both theoretical and computational studies of and for T2 FSs; 2) proves that set theoretic operations for T2 FSs can be computed using very simple alpha-plane computations that are the set theoretic operations for interval T2 (IT2) FSs; 3) reviews how the centroid of a T2 FS can be computed using alpha-plane computations that are also very simple because they can be performed using existing Karnik Mendel algorithms that are applied to each alpha-plane; 4) shows how many theoretically based geometrical properties can be obtained about the centroid, even before the centroid is computed; 5) provides examples that show that the mean value (defuzzified value) of the centroid can often be approximated by using the centroids of only 0 and 1 alpha -planes of a T2 FS; 6) examines a triangle quasi-T2 fuzzy logic system (Q-T2 FLS) whose secondary membership functions are triangles and for which all calculations use existing T1 or IT2 FS mathematics, and hence, they may be a good next step in the hierarchy of FLSs, from T1 to IT2 to T2; and 7) compares T1, IT2, and triangle Q-T2 FLSs to forecast noise-corrupted measurements of a chaotic Mackey-Glass time series.     

Aggregation Using the Linguistic Weighted Average and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets

The focus of this paper is the linguistic weighted average (LWA), where the weights are always words modeled as interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FSs), and the attributes may also (but do not have to) be words modeled as IT2 FSs; consequently, the output of the LWA is an IT2 FS. The LWA can be viewed as a generalization of the fuzzy weighted average (FWA) where the type-1 fuzzy inputs are replaced by IT2 FSs. This paper presents the theory, algorithms, and an application of the LWA. It is shown that finding the LWA can be decomposed into finding two FWAs. Since the LWA can model more uncertainties, it should have wide applications in distributed and hierarchical decision-making.