龙眼木烟熏液的精制及其挥发性风味物质成分分析

为探究传统龙眼木熏制肉制品的食品安全性以及促进产业转型升级提供技术依据,以岭南特色果木-龙眼木为材料,采用干馏法制备龙眼木烟熏液并经低温净化处理,得到烟熏味浓郁的褐红色精制龙眼木烟熏液。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析测定了精制龙眼木烟熏液的挥发性风味成分,共鉴定出24种化合物,占烟熏液化合物的相对含量为95.66%,其中相对含量较高的有愈创木酚(31.79%)、4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯酚(11.29%)、4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚(8.01%)等酚类化合物以及糠醛(7.06%)等其他化合物,酚类化合物相对含量占比达到73.41%。精制烟熏液及挥发性成分中未检出苯并芘类化合物。     

烟熏液在食品加工中的应用现状与研究进展

烟熏食品在日常生活中很常见,并且深受消费者喜爱。随着人们生活观念和生活方式的转变,人们对于烟熏食品的要求不仅仅局限于风味,而是更倾向于它的安全性。传统的烟熏食品由于受到加工技术的限制,其风味以及安全性都不及现代液熏食品。因此,为了让人们更加了解烟熏液及其制品,本文综述了国内外烟熏液的研究现状及其应用,介绍了烟熏液的主要组成成分,同时将传统烟熏与液熏法做对比,在此基础上阐述了烟熏液中的不安全因素苯并芘,以期为以后的研究者提供文献参考。     

液体烟熏香味料及其在食品工业中的应用

传统工艺熏制的食品 ,通常都含有3,4—苯并芘致癌物质 ,严重危害食用者的健康 ,已受到食品专家的多次警告 ,改革沉旧的烟熏工艺势在必行。液体烟熏香味料以天然植物 (如枣核、山楂核等 )为原料 ,经干馏、提纯精制而成 ,具有良好的增香防腐效果 ,主要用于制作各种烟熏风味肉制品、鱼、豆制品、酱油、醋及调味料等。液体烟熏料生产工艺流程如下 :1　液熏法的优点利用烟熏香味料液熏制食品是目前世界烟熏食品业广为应用的方法 ,并视之为烟熏业最有前途的香料。液熏法最突出的优点是 :①不含 3,4—苯并芘致癌物质 ,熏制出的食品安全可靠 ;②可大…     

正交试验优化无甲醛无3,4-苯并芘烟熏香肠工艺

采用色味安全三效食品烟熏液(ZL 201110141175.0)进行无甲醛无3,4-苯并芘烟熏香肠的制作。对腌制时间和烘制温度等进行了单因素试验,对烟熏液质量分数、添加量、喷淋液质量分数及喷淋次数等4个因素进行了L9(34)正交试验的优化。最终确定无甲醛无3,4-苯并芘烟熏香肠的最优工艺为腌制6 h,烟熏液的用量为每千克肉添加20%烟熏液10 mL,香肠外部喷淋液质量分数为10%,喷淋1次,在50℃温度下烘制50 h。     

低盐液熏腊肉加工工艺优化及品质分析

以湖南腊肉为研究对象,研究食盐添加量、滚揉时间、滚揉真空度和烟熏液添加量对腊肉品质的影响,采用单因素及响应面试验对加工工艺进行优化,并对比传统烟熏工艺与最佳液熏工艺对腊肉品质的影响。结果表明:通过单因素及响应面试验,得到低盐液熏腊肉最佳工艺参数为滚揉真空度0.08 MPa、食盐添加量2.28%、滚揉时间12.5 min、烟熏液添加量11%,腊肉感官评分达84.5分;相比于传统烟熏工艺腊肉,使用烟熏液制作的腊肉具有较高的水分含量和出品率,较低的盐含量,风味相似,且低盐液熏腊肉中苯并芘含量远低于传统烟熏腊肉。     

腌熏肉制品的烟熏风味与着色

<正> 在美国,约有90%的腌熏肉制品用烟熏液来调味和着色.使用烟熏液的方法一般是以雾状喷到挂有肉制品的密闭炉中,或直接把它洒到肉表面.本文将简述烟熏液的生产过程及其变化,还有烟熏风味化学及烟同肉的成分之间的反应,并且列出了一些有关肉的烟熏风味的图表和烟熏液对肉的抗氧抑菌效果的资料及使用烟熏液代替熏烟的熏炉在减少粉尘排放方面的数据.     

烟熏香味料的性能和应用

传统工艺熏制的食品，含有３，４－苯并芘到致癌物质，严重危害食用者的健康，已受到食品专家的多次警告，笔者综述了用天然植物经干馏、提纯精制而成的烟熏香味料的主要成分和作用，国内外标准及产品质量简易鉴别方法，列举了烟熏香味料的性能与熏制各种食品的方法，表明了利用烟熏香味料熏制食品，既保证生产者与食用者的健康，大大减少了传统方法在厂房、设备等方面的投资，又能实现机械化、连续化作业，且生产工艺简单，熏制的传     

烟熏香味料的性能和应用

传统工艺熏制的食品，含有３，４－苯并芘致癌物质，严重危害食用者的健康，已受到食品专家的多次警告。本文综述了用天然植物经干馏、提纯精制而成的烟熏香味料的主要成分和作用、国内外标准及产品质量简易鉴别方法；列举了烟熏香味料的性能与熏制各种食品的方法。表明了利用烟熏香味料熏制食品，既保证生产者与食用者的健康，大大减少了传统方法在厂房、设备等方面的投资，又能实现机械化、连续化作业，且生产工艺简单，熏制的时间短，劳动强度低，不污染环境，延长熏制品保质期的同时又增加了特定的香味。     

烟熏对肉制品风味及安全性影响研究进展

烟熏是一种利用木材不完全燃烧产生的熏烟对食品进行熏制的加工方法。熏烟不仅能提升肉制品的感官特性,还能对肉制品起到防腐保鲜的作用。通过改良传统烟熏方式,开发出更加科学的烟熏技术,如液态烟熏和水蒸气渗透烟熏,能够有效提高烟熏肉制品的安全性,并进一步改善烟熏肉制品的风味和色泽。本文综述了烟熏的发烟与熏制原理、影响因素及熏烟成分组成,着重介绍了烟熏技术对肉制品风味及安全性的影响,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

食品生产加工中苯并芘的产生与控制

<正>苯并芘是世界卫生组织确定的三大致癌物质之一,如何控制食品生产加工中苯并芘产生污染,降低人体健康的威胁已成为研究热点。烟熏控制(1)熏制食品中苯并芘的含量与熏材原料关系密切。有研究显示,以煤、柴、炭和草杆为熏材时,熏肉中的苯并芘含量呈现递减趋势。(2)间接式烟熏。可以使烟熏成品中PAHs的残留量明显减少。(3)烟熏时间与温度。对PAHs的     

Factors affecting elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from smoked meat foods and liquid smoke flavorings

This review deals with effects of environmental and physicochemical factors affecting polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) elimination from smoked meat products and liquid smoke flavoring (LSF). In the introductory part, some essential information are aimed at principles of food smoking and PAH formation during smoke generation as a result of incomplete wood combustion. Also, an application of alternative technology for food aromatization using LSF is briefly mentioned. Similarly, latest European legislation, biological effects, and analytical aspects of PAHs are mentioned concisely. The main part is devoted to physicochemical factors affecting the PAH content in smoked meat products, such as light, additional cooking, and packaging, which are able to decrease considerably PAH content in some meat products. The most important effect on PAH concentration decrease in LSF has low-density polyethylene (LDPE) package due to sorption processes on a surface of the plastic with subsequent diffusion into the plastic bulk. A less effective material is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), when only a surface adsorption process comes into account. Moreover, this process is affected also by other compounds presented in liquid media able to compete for the adsorption center on the PET surface.     

Functionality of liquid smoke as an all-natural antimicrobial in food preservation

The smoking of foods, especially meats, has been used as a preservation technique for centuries. Today, smoking methods often involve the use of wood smoke condensates, commonly known as liquid smoke. Liquid smoke is produced by condensing wood smoke created by the pyrolysis of sawdust or wood chips followed by removal of the carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The main products of wood pyrolysis are phenols, carbonyls and organic acids which are responsible for the flavor, color and antimicrobial properties of liquid smoke. Several common food-borne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus have shown sensitivity to liquid smoke in vitro and in food systems. Therefore liquid smoke has potential for use as an all-natural antimicrobial in commercial applications where smoke flavor is desired. This review will cover the application and effectiveness of liquid smoke and fractions of liquid smoke as an all-natural food preservative. This review will be valuable for the industrial and research communities in the food science and technology areas.     

Reevaluation of Thermal Food Processes in Order to Increase Food Safety and Quality: Frying, Drying, Salting, Smoking

ABSTRACT: Re-evaluation of food processes seems to be a useful effort regarding current safety, environmental, and quality concerns in the food industry. Reverse engineering seems to be one of the ways to perform such a goal. There are only a few sets of applications with respect to food. Thermal unit operations are a good subject for this purpose. For baking and frying, for example, questions have arisen about acrylamide in heated foods. Some other examples lie with drying operations where a compromise must be found between drying ability and intensity and final food quality. Recently, we have developed a case study for a meat product produced in tropical countries. Traditional techniques for processing meat there usually involve salting, drying, and/or smoking. There is a wide range of beef products, such as charqui and carne-de-sol in South America, nham in Southeast Asia, and biltong in South Africa. Little is known of the traditional processing of pork other than the Nigerian product unam inung. Traditional processes for making boucané, a salted/dried/smoked pork belly product from Ré union Island, has not been the focus of any other scientific studies to date. Pork meat is salted and in the smoking oven, the boucan, smoke and heat from the hearth slowly cook the meat hanging over the fire. The product is stored beside the oven where smoke keeps flies away and the heat prevents moisture uptake by the product during the rainy season.     

肉制品加工中的烟熏技术

烟熏在中西式肉制品加工广泛运用。烟熏工艺的采用,使肉制品发生一系列的变化,不同的烟熏方式带来不同的烟熏效果。本文简述了烟的有效成分,以及传统中式产品、西式制品加工中的烟熏工艺。     

微生物在肉制品加工中的应用与前景

我国是肉制品生产和消费大国,但发酵肉制品工业除了几种传统产品之外,新技术新产品的研发还处于起步阶段。微生物作为一种常用的发酵手段已经广泛应用于酸奶、主食、酒类、豆酱等产品的生产中。本文从微生物发酵剂及酶制剂等方面介绍了微生物在肉类加工中的应用与前景。     

超声波技术在肉制品腌制加工中的应用研究进展

腌制是一种以添加食盐、亚硝酸盐、复合磷酸盐等添加剂浸渍食品的加工技术,是肉制品加工过程中的重要环节之一,广泛应用于酱卤和腌腊肉制品中。腌制不仅可以改善肉制品的质构、风味等,还可以起到防腐保藏的作用。然而,传统腌制技术存在腌制时间长、食盐渗透不均匀、品质不稳定等问题。超声波技术是一种新兴的非热加工技术,已在食品加工的诸多领域进行应用。在肉制品腌制方面,超声波辅助腌制技术因其加快腌制速率、减少营养成分流失、改善腌制肉品嫩度等优势得到广泛研究。因此,本文综述了超声波技术在肉制品腌制中应用的基本原理,包括空化作用、机械作用和热作用,阐述在肉制品腌制过程中,超声波辅助腌制技术对肉制品的保水性、嫩度、物料渗透率、风味物质等方面的影响,展望超声波辅助腌制技术在肉制品加工领域的应用前景,为超声波技术应用于肉制品工业化生产奠定基础。     

噬菌体在控制肉源致病菌中的应用研究进展

近年来,随着肉制品种类的不断增加和肉制品加工工艺的更新优化,食源性致病菌在肉类加工各个环节中存在的污染风险也在不断增加。如何采取有效的食源性致病菌防控措施是肉类研究领域和肉类工业关注的焦点。噬菌体作为一种可替代传统抑菌剂的生物抑菌物质,受到学者们的广泛关注,但是其在肉类工业中的应用未得到较全面地总结和评估。因此,本文概述了噬菌体的优点及安全性,详细总结了噬菌体在不同温度、感染复数、制剂组成方式和肉类呈现方式等条件下,防控生鲜肉及肉制品中大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、单核增生李斯特菌等食源性致病菌的研究现状,并对噬菌体在保障肉类安全中的发展方向作出展望,以期为噬菌体在肉类食品安全领域的进一步应用提供参考。     

Perceptual masking of boar taint in Swedish fermented sausages

Surgical castration of male piglets has traditionally been practiced to avoid development of boar taint in pork meat which can occur if entire male pigs are raised. Boar taint is commonly characterised as exhibiting the odour and flavour of urine and manure. This study involves sensory characterisation of the possibilities to mask boar taint in meat from entire male pigs by fermentation and smoking to maintain high sensory quality in meat products if castration is prohibited. Model and commercial type Swedish fermented sausage products based on low or high levels of boar tainted fat, three different starter cultures and two different levels of smoking were studied. In the model sausages, liquid smoke masked the perception of boar taint. In contrast, the smoking procedure of the commercial sausages was insufficient to totally mask the perception of boar taint. In both the model and commercial sausages, the aroma development from the starter cultures lowered the perception of boar taint but was insufficient for total perceptual masking. Due to the total masking effect of smoking in the model sausages, it was clear that smoke may present a potential solution to remove the perception of boar taint in fermented sausages if the smoking procedure is optimised.     

感官分析在广式传统肉品研制与品控中的应用研究进展

广式传统肉品是我国粤菜的重要组成部分。广式传统肉品大多口味清淡,注重通过烹调呈现肉类天然风味。饮食全球化使广式传统肉品的加工面临升级提升需求。感官分析是生产者对食品加工品质控制、把握消费者对产品需求的市场调查等活动中一种重要且无可替代的方法。感官导向型食品生产方式已成为未来广式传统肉品提升发展的新趋势。本文综述了目前感官分析在广式传统肉品研发与品质控制中的应用研究现状,以期促进感官导向型方式在广式传统肉品工业化生产中进一步推广应用。