聚碳硅烷中氧对碳纤维损伤的影响

本文制备了不同氧含量的聚碳硅烷（PCS），研究了其中氧含量及其结合方式在PIP工艺中对Cf/SiC复合材料中碳纤维保留强度的影响。实验结果表明，PCS经过预氧化后，其内部的氧主要以稳定的Si-O键形式存在；其中氧含量的增加对浸渍裂解后碳纤维的保留强度影响不大；1400℃处理的结果与1100℃处理的结果相比要好得多。     

电子束辐射交联制备低氧含量SiC纤维的研究

本文作者研究了电子束辐射交联对PCS纤维不熔化效果、热分解特性的影响,探讨了辐射交联机理,并制得了低氧含量的SiC纤维,研究了其耐高温性能。结果显示,PCS辐照纤维开始实现不熔化的吸收剂量是15MGy。所得纤维的氧含量为3.3wt%,抗拉强度为1.65GPa,晶粒尺寸3.4nm。在He气氛下1600℃处理30min后失重8wt%,强度保留80%,晶粒长大到16.3nm。     

聚碳硅烷纤维在1 己炔气氛中不熔化处理制备低氧含量SiC纤维

将聚碳硅烷(PCS)纤维在1-己炔气氛中进行化学气相交联不熔化处理, 与空气不熔化相比, 能大大降低纤维的氧含量。PCS纤维在1-己炔气氛中反应, 其组成和结构都发生了变化。结果表明, 在1-己炔气氛中, PCS分子的Si—H键的反应程度和纤维的凝胶含量随温度的升高而逐渐增加。反应机制为1-己炔受热引发PCS分子中的Si—H和Si—CH₃键断裂生成Si自由基和Si—CH₂自由基, 促进PCS分子间形成Si—CH₂—Si交联结构, 最终实现不熔化。反应中有少量己基引入到PCS分子结构中。制得的SiC纤维拉伸强度达到2.79 GPa, 氧含量降低到5wt%~6wt%, 并且纤维的耐高温性能明显优于Nicalon纤维。在Ar气中处理至1300℃, 纤维强度保留率约为80%, 处理至1400℃, 纤维的强度保留率为60%, 并且在1300~1600℃的处理过程中, 纤维中β-SiC微晶的晶粒尺寸变化只有2.18nm。      

聚碳硅烷纤维的不熔化与SiC纤维制备研究

以聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)为原料,在高压釜内高温高压反应制备了聚碳硅烷(PCS)先驱体,经熔融纺丝制备了PCS纤维,研究了在190 C下不同不熔化时间对PCS纤维氧化增重、Si-H键反应程度、凝胶含量、氧含量及最终SiC纤维氧含量与性能的影响.研究表明,在不熔化过程中,PCS结构中的Si-H键与氧反应,在PCS分子间形成Si-O-Si交联结构.随着不熔化时间的延长,PCS纤维发生氧化增重、Si-H键反应程度提高、凝胶含量增加,SiC纤维中氧含量也逐渐增加.在不熔化保温3h,制备的SiC纤维强度可达2.52GPa.随着不熔化时间的进一步延长,SiC纤维氧含量增加,其强度逐渐降低.     

高温对碳纤维拉伸性能的影响

碳纤维复合材料在加工和应用时,因经过高温处理,其性能有所改变,限制了其使用范围。研究了3种碳纤维拉伸性能随温度的变化规律。结果表明:日本东丽、东邦和美国阿莫科碳纤维分别在200、500、800℃下高温处理1h,随温度升高,3种碳纤维强度和伸长率都减小,其中东邦碳纤维强度损失最小;对东邦碳纤维进行100~1000℃的两种方式高温处理,碳纤维强度都先增大后减小,当温度升到500℃时,强度达最大;模量随着温度的升高先增大后减小,断裂伸长率明显降低;600℃时纤维直径开始明显变细。     

干法纺丝法制备低氧含量SiC纤维

通过粘度、凝胶含量和XRD等手段研究了聚碳硅烷(PCS)纺丝原液的干法纺丝性能和干纺PCS纤维的自交联过程, 并对所制得的低氧含量SiC纤维的组成、结构和性能进行了表征. 结果表明, PCS/二甲苯纺丝原液的最佳纺丝粘度范围在18.0～22.0Pa·s; 干纺PCS纤维在烧成温度超过250℃后开始发生自交联反应, 在烧成温度超过550℃后, 干纺PCS纤维完全交联形成了“不熔不溶”的网状结构; 干法纺丝法制备得到的SiC纤维与空气不熔化法制得的SiC纤维相比, 氧含量大幅降低, 仅在3.6wt%左右, 结晶度较高, 其耐高温抗氧化性也有明显的改善.     

氨化改性AN-IA共聚物的表征及对制备碳纤维的影响

对丙烯腈-衣康酸共聚物进行氨化改性,对氨化处理后的丙烯腈-衣康酸共聚物进行表征,研究氨化改性对最终制备碳纤维性能的影响。结果表明,衣康酸胺配比的增加使AN-IA共聚物的红外谱图发生一定变化,在1730和1700cm-1处出现中等宽峰,并且峰强增大。经过氨化处理后的AN-IA共聚物,所制备的预氧化纤维氧含量超过11%,预氧化能力明显提高,最终碳化处理制备的碳纤维强度可达到3.76GPa。     

T800H碳纤维表面特性及T800H/BA9918复合材料湿热性能研究

为了研究T800H碳纤维的表面特性及其与BA9918树脂的界面匹配性,分别采用SEM、AFM、XPS和TGA对T800H碳纤维表面形貌、表面化学特性以及碳纤维上浆剂热稳定性进行表征,测试了T800H/BA9918复合材料湿热处理前后0°压缩强度、90°拉伸强度和层间剪切强度,并得到了其在湿热处理前后的开孔压缩和冲击后压缩性能.测试发现T800H碳纤维表面有明显的沟槽,有利于表面机械啮合作用;T800H/BA9918复合材料经29 J能量冲击后压缩强度为314 MPa;在130℃湿态环境下其0°压缩强度和层间剪切强度保持率高于58%,开孔压缩强度保持率高于60%.试验结果证明T800H碳纤维与BA9918树脂具有良好的界面匹配性,T800H/BA9918复合材料具有优异的耐湿热性能.     

不同碳纤维表面状态对Cf/SiC复合材料性能的影响

采用XPS对两种不同的碳纤维表面进行了分析，制备了束丝Cf/SiC复合材料，并采用束丝拉伸强度表征其性能。结果表明，碳纤维表面主要有C、O两种元素存在，其中碳主要有C-C和C-O两种存在方式，并且两种纤维的Ols/Cls有明显的不同，当氧含量高时，纤维在经历高温处理后强度下降幅度较大，所制备的Cf/SiC复合材料性能较差。     

硅溶胶改性处理对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料拉伸性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法制备硅溶胶对碳纤维进行表面改性,观测了环氧树脂液滴在单向排列碳纤维集束表面的铺展过程;以环氧树脂为基体制备单向排列的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了硅溶胶改性处理碳纤维对其拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:碳纤维经过硅溶胶改性处理后,Si—o—Si,-NH₂等极性官能团的引入改善了环氧树脂对其的浸润性能,从而改善了碳纤维与环氧树脂间的界面粘结性能,使碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的横向拉伸强度显著改善,但纵向拉伸强度影响不大;与未经过表面处理的复合材料相比,经过硅溶胶改性处理的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料其横向拉伸强度提高了62.74%;与用硝酸处理的碳纤维制备的复合材料相比,用硝酸处理后再用硅溶胶处理的碳纤维所制备的复合材料,其横向拉伸强度提高了35.27%。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.