二维石墨相氮化碳纳米片的制备及其光催化性能

摘要：利用水热反应法，将三聚氰胺悬浊液在200 ℃下反应生成中间产物，然后煅烧中间产物直接制成了二维石墨相氮化碳g-C3N4纳米片（WCN），并与本体g-C3N4(CN)、传统热氧剥离法得到的g-C3N4纳米片（OCN）进行了比较。采用SEM、XRD、FTIR、Raman、AFM、PL仪等对催化剂进行了表征，探讨了催化剂的光电化学性能和光催化性能。结果表明：两种方法均实现了对CN的剥离，WCN和OCN二维纳米片与CN 晶体结构和组成相同，WCN和OCN的比表面积分别是CN的4倍和3倍。光电化学分析显示WCN有更好的载流子的迁移与分离效率，具有较好的光催化活性。在可见光条件下，WCN对亚甲基蓝（MB）的光催化降解率达到82％，分别是OCN和CN的2.4 倍和6.7 倍，光催化降解过程符合一级动力学方程。WCN具有优良的稳定性和可重复利用性能。     

超薄氧掺杂g-C3N4纳米片的制备及其光催化性能

采用H2SO4与KMnO4为氧化剂，通过对热聚合法合成的原始石墨相氮化碳（g-C3N4）超声辅助氧化剥离，制备了超薄氧掺杂g-C3N4纳米片。基于HRTEM、XRD、AFM、XPS表征，考察了超声辅助氧化剥离对原始g-C3N4形貌、结构的影响；通过可见光催化降解刚果红分析了超薄氧掺杂g-C3N4纳米片的光催化性能；通过UV-vis-DRS、EIS、PL分析，探究了超薄氧掺杂g-C3N4纳米片光催化性能的增强机制。结果表明，对原始g-C3N4超声辅助氧化剥离6 h，可获得比表面积为58.45 cm2 g-1、厚度为1.08 nm的超薄氧掺杂g-C3N4纳米片；超薄氧掺杂g-C3N4纳米片（200 mg L-1）对刚果红（20 mg L-1）在120 min内可实现83%的降解，具有良好的光催化性能；与原始g-C3N4相比，超薄氧掺杂g-C3N4纳米片更有利于催化活性位点的暴露与光生载流子的分离传输，从而具有更好的光催化性能。     

OMC/g-C_3N_4复合材料可见光催化2,4-氯酚的研究

将有序介孔碳材料(OMC)按照一定的质量比例(0.01、0.02、0.04、0.08)加入石墨型氮化碳材料(g-C3N4)再低温煅烧获得了介孔碳/石墨型氮化碳复合材料(OMC/g-C3N4)。可见光下光催化降解2,4-氯酚的实验结果表明,有序介孔碳材料提高了复合材料的吸附和光催化性能,去除吸附作用后,样品0.04-OMC/g-C3N4的光催化效率为纯氮化碳的3.68倍。降解产物的气相色谱-质谱分析结果表明2,4-氯酚的降解主要是被羟基自由基脱氯和甲基化成其他中间后再被逐步分解完全矿化,Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型分析结果表明其光催化降解过程符合为一级反应动力学。     

加热温度对尿素水溶液制备类石墨相氮化碳的影响及其机理EI北大核心CSCD

石墨相氮化碳（g-C3N4）由于其优异的化学稳定性和独特的电子能带结构被认为是一种廉价且极具潜力的光催化剂,然而传统方法制备的g-C3N4存在比表面积小、光生电子–空穴复合严重及剥离效率低等问题。采用尿素溶于一定量的水中,通过控制一定的升温速率及加热温度制备性能优异的g-C3N4。结果表明,在水中450~500℃裂解尿素可获得疏松多孔、类石墨相的g-C3N4纳米片,在500℃时获得的g-C3N4具有较多的纳米孔隙及较大的比表面积;550℃时孔隙消失,且g-C3N4的带隙能随着加热温度升高逐渐降低。光催化结果表明,随水中裂解尿素温度升高,制备的g-C3N4在可见光下对罗丹明B的降解率先增大后减小,500℃时降解率最高,达到75.5%,且明显好于500℃时直接加热尿素制备g-C3N4的降解率（24.1%）。多孔、少层且高比表面积的类石墨烯微观结构是500℃下获得多孔g-C3N4样品较高的光催化活性的主要原因,h＋和·O2–是参与降解反应的主要活性基团。     

插层法制备g-C3N4/高岭石复合材料及其对罗丹明B的光催化机理研究

伴随着印染行业的快速发展,部分含有罗丹明B(RhB)的染料废水未经处理便被排出.因RhB较难自然降解,对环境造成了恶劣的影响.本文通过置换插层-煅烧法制备出g-C3 N4/高岭石复合材料,在恒温模拟太阳光催化系统下,研究了复合材料对RhB的光催化性能,并探讨其催化机理.结果表明,随g-C3 N4含量递增的复合光催化材料1g-C3 N4/K、2g-C3 N4/K、3g-C3 N4/K、4g-C3 N4/K和5g-C3 N4/K的催化性能呈先升后降的趋势,4g-C3 N4/K催化效果最好,光照6 h对RhB的降解率可达73％.进一步研究提出g-C3 N4/高岭石复合光催化材料的催化机理为光照激发复合光催化剂,产生具有较强氧化还原能力光生载流子空穴对,其可与RhB发生反应,使之氧化成小分子碳氢化合物或被矿化成二氧化碳和水.所制备的高岭石负载石墨相氮化碳光催化材料具有较好的亲水性,使得复合材料在染料溶液中有较好的分散性,有利于光催化过程的进行,有效实现了对RhB的光催化降解.     

纳米片层状类石墨氮化碳的制备及其光催化性能（英文）

以三聚氰胺为原料,采用热缩聚合成法,结合酸、热刻蚀协同改性工艺,制备了二维纳米片层状类石墨氮化碳(g-C3N4)。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、Raman光谱对试样进行了物相组成、显微形貌与分子结构表征。采用BET法分析了试样的比表面积,采用紫外–可见漫反射光谱、Mott–Schottky曲线分析了试样的可见光吸收性能与能带结构。通过可见光降解罗丹明B染料与盐酸四环素溶液,评估了试样的可见光催化性能。结果表明:采用热刻蚀改性剥离时,当三聚氰胺与NH4Cl的摩尔比为5:4时,所制备的纳米片层状g-C3N4厚度为47 nm,比表面积为22 m2/g,可见光催化降解性能提高显著,相比未经过改性处理的g-C3N4,其降解效率提高了3.4倍;4 h内对盐酸四环素溶液的降解率达到83.2%。     

Co3O4/g-C3N4复合光催化剂降解罗丹明B的研究

为提高石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)的光催化性能,采用3D花状ZIF-Co与g-C3N4混合热处理的方法制备了3D花状Co3O4/g-C3N4复合光催化剂,并将其用于光催化降解罗丹明B模拟染料废水。结果表明:当ZIF-Co与g-C3N4的质量比为5%时,制备的Co3O4/g-C3N4的光催化性能最佳,在可见光下照射30 min,其对罗丹明B的降解率可达90%以上,且该催化剂的重复稳定性好。在降解罗丹明B的过程中活性基团的作用顺序为·O2->h+>·OH。     

g-C3N4/ZnO复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光光催化性能的研究

采用缩聚法合成了类石墨氮化碳(g-C3N4),并与商品ZnO复合得到新型复合光催化剂g-C3N4/ZnO。采用XRD、SEM和UV-vis DRS对催化剂进行了表征。以300 W的卤钨灯为光源(λ>420 nm),以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标降解物进行了光催化实验。结果表明,与单纯的ZnO和g-C3N4相比,g-C3N4/ZnO复合催化剂的光催化性能有所提高,其中g-C3N4含量为7.0 wt%时光催化性能最好。     

BiOBr/g-C3N4光催化剂的制备及其LED紫光光催化活性

以五水硝酸铋、溴化钾和三聚氰胺为原料,采用溶剂热法制备了摩尔比不同的BiOBr/g-C3N4复合光催化剂,并进行了XRD、SEM和DRS表征分析.以50 W LED紫光灯为光源,采用罗丹明B为目标降解物考察了制备样品的光催化性能.结果表明:摩尔比为1∶1的BiOBr/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的具有最优的光催化性能.机理实验结果表明:超氧自由基(O2·-)和空穴(h+)为BiOBr/g-C3N4复合光催化剂光催化过程最为主要的活性物种.     

AgVO3/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

使用水浴沉淀法制备Ag VO3/g-C3N4复合材料,对其进行紫外漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等表征。通过降解Rh B情况评估复合材料光催化性能。实验改变Ag VO3比例,探究Ag VO3含量对复合物光催化性能的影响。结果表明,2%AgVO3/g-C3N4具有最好的光催化活性,40 min降解Rh B高达94.8%。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.