基于多模感知的上肢康复训练轨迹跟踪研究

面向上肢康复训练过程中的人机交互应用场景,针对单一传感器难以准确、稳定跟踪上肢运动轨迹的问题,提出了基于惯性传感器与Kinect传感器的多模感知融合方案;为解决惯性传感器在轨迹跟踪过程中的累积误差问题,提出了多项式补偿与零值约束相结合的误差修正算法;针对Kinect传感器深度图像成像质量影响骨骼跟踪效果的问题,提出了变参数像素滤波器对深度图像进行修复。通过惯性传感器运动实验,验证了累积误差修正算法的有效性,X轴位移误差为7.8 mm;深度图像修复结果表明,深度像素损失点数减少约50%,图像更为清晰,并通过实验验证了基于深度图像能够有效跟踪骨骼运动轨迹;最后,通过轨迹数据融合实验验证了基于多模感知的上肢运动轨迹跟踪方案的可行性与有效性,计算时延仅1.2 s。     

FPSO监测中系泊姿态传感器的动态校准方法

针对浮式生产储油船(FPSO)单点系泊姿态传感器的初始安装误差无法消除,其误差会严重影响系泊力计算精度的问题,提出了一种基于系泊结构运动特性和实测数据的动态校准方法.该方法基于安装在FPSO船体上的高精度GPS实测信息,和软刚臂系泊系统的运动关系方程,采用多样本组合优化法来校准姿态传感器安装误差.在“海洋石油102”FPSO的原型测量数据集上进行验证,结果表明,该方法可以有效地补偿软刚臂系泊姿态传感器的安装误差,为今后海洋平台传感器安装误差的研究提供了新的思路和方法.     

基于末端姿态约束的液压凿岩机械臂运动控制研究

为了使凿岩机械臂末端能够保持期望初始姿态且平稳、准确地移动至目标位置，提出一种基于末端姿态约束的液压凿岩机械臂运动控制方法。首先，基于雅可比矩阵建立机械臂末端广义速度与关节速度关系；然后，分析驱动油缸结构并采用全微分方法建立机械臂关节速度与油缸伸缩速度的函数关系，从而基于末端姿态不变的约束，建立机械臂末端广义速度与油缸伸缩速度的对应关系；最终通过控制器给定相应电信号直接控制各油缸伸缩速度完成对姿态约束下凿岩机械臂末端广义速度的控制。使用MATLAB和V-REP(Virtual Robot Experimentation Platform)软件分别对凿岩机械臂末端速度与关节速度关系以及三角油缸和梁摆动油缸伸缩量与关节角度对应关系进行验证，确保计算过程的正确性。通过现场实验得出数据表明：在末端姿态约束下控制凿岩机械臂保持某一期望初始姿态运动不同时间到达不同位置，凿岩机械臂末端最大姿态角偏差为0.42°,末端位置相对误差不超过0.41%,凿岩机械臂运动平稳，说明该运动控制方法可以在保证平稳运行前提下实现凿岩机械臂末端定位，从而满足工程实际需求。     

5-DOF上肢康复机械臂交互式康复训练控制策略

设计一种5-DOF穿戴式偏瘫上肢康复机械臂系统,提出被动和主动两阶段的交互式康复训练控制策略。在被动训练中,根据偏瘫患者上肢单侧受损的特点,提取偏瘫患者的健侧上肢4块肌肉的表面肌电信号(Surface electromyogram, sEMG) 作为康复机械臂的控制信号,利用AR参数模型和BP神经网络来理解患者的运动意图,驱动机械臂辅助患侧上肢实现特定的康复训练动作。在主动训练中,通过实时获取各关节力矩信号来判断人体上肢的运动所产生的作用力方向与大小,并利用比例控制器和运动学雅可比逆矩阵控制康复臂末端速度、驱动各关节运动。试验结果证明了提出方法的正确性和有效性。     

通用机器人视觉检测系统的全局校准技术

介绍了基于通用机器人的车身在线柔性视觉检测系统的工作原理和在复杂现场环境下使用激光跟踪仪和测量臂进行全局校准的实用方法。基于测量姿态的全局校准方法利用机械约束将传感器坐标系和靶标坐标系统一起来,实现测量姿态时传感器坐标系与系统基准坐标系的坐标转换。基于机器人运动学模型的全局校准方法利用机器人末端关节位姿可通过正向运动学获知的特点,在现场构建机器人基坐标系,并通过坐标变换获得与机器人运动精度无关的手眼关系,实现了任意姿态时的全局校准。实际测量的结果表明,应用两种校准方法后系统的重复性精度都十分理想,测量装置重复测量标准差和系统重复测量标准差分别为0.07mm和0.13mm,能够满足在线监控白车身加工尺寸变化的精度要求;系统进行坐标测量时的误差分别为±0.2mm和±0.8mm。     

跳跃机器人起跳姿态优化方法研究

提出了一种跳跃机器人起跳运动优化方法，分析了跳跃机器人惯性匹配与跳跃性能的关系。基于空间浮动基建立了跳跃机器人变约束动力学模型；运用惯性匹配椭圆和方向可操作度理论，优化起跳姿态。仿真和实验表明，惯性匹配椭圆是一种较好的跳跃机器人起跳姿态优化方法。     

跳跃机器人起跳姿态优化方法研究

提出了一种跳跃机器人起跳运动优化方法,分析了跳跃机器人惯性匹配与跳跃性能的关系。基于空间浮动基建立了跳跃机器人变约束动力学模型;运用惯性匹配椭圆和方向可操作度理论,优化起跳姿态。仿真和实验表明,惯性匹配椭圆是一种较好的跳跃机器人起跳姿态优化方法。     

基于相机状态方程多模增广的改进MSCKF算法

针对基于多状态约束卡尔曼滤波(MSCKF)的视觉-惯性里程计算法中相机状态方程增广过程的误差累积问题,提出了一种相机状态方程多模增广方法。该方法首先对视觉特征跟踪状态的稳定性进行判断,然后自动地选择基于视觉图像信息优化求解相机相对位姿参数或基于惯性传感器(IMU)状态递推结果联合相机外参初始化新图像帧相机位姿参数两种途径增广相机的状态方程,解决特征跟踪状态稳定情况下IMU误差的累积问题。实验部分通过EuRo C数据和实际应用数据对算法的性能进行了验证分析,结果表明,改进后的MSCKF算法能够在特征跟踪稳定状态下有效避免IMU误差的累积,进一步融合视觉与惯性系统之间的互补优势,提高载体的定位定向精度和稳定性。     

上肢康复机器人训练管理系统设计

上肢康复机器人是现代医疗设备中一种先进且便捷的辅助康复设备。它对于患有中风、偏瘫等相关疾病的患者,能够有效地协助复健医生对患者的上肢运动进行恢复,并重建神经系统。本文介绍了一种基于LabVIEW的上肢康复机器人训练管理系统,该系统具有康复医生及患者的注册登录界面、患者的信息查询功能以及康复训练交互平台,能够对患者进行针对性和安全性的康复训练。     

基于复合形法的时间最优机械臂轨迹规划

目前,大多数机械臂在工作过程中运行时间不为最优,为了提高机械臂的工作效率,提出了一种基于复合形法的时间最优机械臂轨迹规划方法。该方法以5-7-5多项式插值法作为轨迹规划的基础,并以运动角度、运动速度以及运动加速度作为约束,采用复合形法进行优化,得到满足运动要求的时间最优运动轨迹。以FS20N仿真结构表明,复合形法有效地优化了时间。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.