山奈酚对小鼠迟发型超敏反应的免疫抑制作用

目的探讨山奈酚(kaempferol,KA)对二硝基氟苯(dinitrofluorobenzene,DNFB)诱导的小鼠迟发型超敏反应(delayed type hypersensitivity,DTH)的免疫抑制作用。方法将BALB/c小鼠按体重随机分为6组:生理盐水对照组、DTH模型组、环磷酰胺(cytoxan,CTX)组(20 mg/kg)、KA低剂量(2 mg/kg)、中剂量(4 mg/kg)、高剂量(8 mg/kg)组,每组10只,用DNFB致敏,同时给药,连续给药7 d。致敏后第5天于小鼠右耳背涂1%DNFB 5μl诱发DTH,左耳涂等量的丙酮/橄榄油溶剂作为对照。连续给药7 d后,称量小鼠体重及脾脏和胸腺湿重,计算脾脏指数和胸腺指数;DNFB激发后48 h,剪下小鼠左右耳廓,称重,计算小鼠耳廓肿胀度,并将剪取的右耳耳廓制成冰冻切片,光学显微镜下观察小鼠耳廓局部组织的病理变化;无菌取脾,制备脾细胞,MTT法检测经ConA刺激的脾淋巴细胞的增殖活力。结果 KA高剂量组能显著降低DTH小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数(P<0.01或P<0.05);KA中、高剂量组能明显抑制DNFB所诱发的小鼠耳廓肿胀度(P<0.05或P<0.01);KA能明显减少DTH小鼠耳廓局部组织淋巴细胞的浸润,并抑制脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 KA对DTH小鼠具有明显的免疫抑制作用,抑制淋巴细胞的增殖可能是其作用机制之一。     

虎床方提取物的抗过敏及抗炎作用研究

目的:选用虎杖、蛇床子、苦参、川芎等四味中药按中医配伍理论组成虎床方,并探讨组方提取物的抗过敏及抗炎作用。方法:采用煎煮法提取其有效组分,分为低中高三个剂量组,分别为1,2,3 g/m L;通过高浓度的DNCB致敏和低浓度的DNCB多次激发,构建湿疹小鼠模型,给药后测定小鼠耳肿胀厚度、脾指数和胸腺指数、耳组织中TNF-α的水平;通过对二甲苯致小鼠耳部急性炎症的抗炎模型,测定小鼠的耳廓肿胀度。结果:虎床方低、中、高剂量均能显著抑制湿疹小鼠的耳肿胀度,并且中剂量时可显著抑制湿疹小鼠的耳肿胀度,同时中剂量时显著降低耳组织表皮厚度和肥大细胞数,亦可降低湿疹小鼠的脾指数,并抑制胸腺指数;虎床方中剂量能显著减少湿疹小鼠耳组织TNF-α及血清Ig E和TNF-α含量,减轻炎性皮损;虎床方中、高剂量组显著降低二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀度。结论:虎床方具有一定的抗过敏及抗炎作用。     

佛手提取液对小鼠皮肤胶原蛋白含量影响的研究

观察佛手提取液对小鼠皮肤胶原蛋白的影响.将佛手提取液涂抹于小鼠脱毛皮肤部位,7周～8周后取涂抹部位皮肤,分光光度法测定羟脯氨酸的含量;同时比较了两种动物试验模型的方法.结果表明,在小鼠背部皮肤右侧对照而左侧涂试验品的方法中,胶原蛋白的含量在对照皮肤和试验皮肤中无明显差异;在合理的动物试验模型方法中,佛手提取液组小鼠皮肤中胶原蛋白的含量(393.4 mg/g±47.5 mg/g)明显高于对照组(260.1 mg/g±36.4 mg/g)(ρ＜0.05).提示佛手提取液具有抗皮肤衰老的作用,设计合理的动物试验方法有助于获得真实的结果.     

一种中药组方育发液对小鼠毛发生长的影响

研究了一种含有侧柏叶、鳢肠、三七根等提取物的中药组方育发液对小鼠毛发生长的影响。采用耳廓微循环实验,通过对给药5～30min后小鼠耳廓微静脉毛细血管管径变化的检测,评价育发液样品对小鼠耳廓微循环的影响;采用松香、石蜡混合物所致的C57BL/6小鼠脱毛模型,连续给药21天后,通过检测毛发长度/皮肤组织毛囊计数等指标,评价育发液样品对小鼠脱毛部位毛发生长的影响。结果表明,育发液样品(0.5倍和1倍原液浓度)均能明显扩张小鼠耳廓静脉血管;育发液样品(0.5倍和1倍原液浓度)能明显促进C57BL/6小鼠脱毛部位毛发的增长;使用育发液样品(1倍原液浓度)的C57BL/6小鼠脱毛部位皮肤的终毛毛囊数量明显多于模型对照组。     

坤净泡腾胶囊栓经皮给药对小鼠耳肿胀及毛细血管通透性的影响

目的研究坤净泡腾胶囊栓经皮给药对小鼠耳廓肿胀的抑制作用及对醋酸所致腹腔毛细血管通透性的影响。方法采用二甲苯诱导小鼠耳廓肿胀法,以肿胀度和肿胀率为指标评价抗炎效果;腹腔注射醋酸溶液,观察对毛细血管通透性的影响。结果与空白对照组比较,坤净泡腾胶囊栓高、低剂量组能明显抑制毛细血管通透性增加(P0.001),高、中剂量均对小鼠耳肿胀抑制作用有显著性(P0.05);与阳性对照组比较,坤净泡腾胶囊栓高、中剂量组能明显抑制毛细血管通透性增加(P0.05)。结论坤净泡腾胶囊栓对小鼠耳肿胀及腹腔毛细血管通透性增加具有显著地抑制作用。     

甘草酸二钾在牙膏中的抑菌作用

测试了甘草酸二钾对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度,并研究了含0.2%甘草酸二钾的牙膏对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的抑菌作用及对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的影响。实验结果表明,甘草酸二钾对牙龈卟啉单胞菌具有抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为1.875 g/L;含0.2%甘草酸二钾的牙膏具有抑制牙龈卟啉单胞菌的作用,抑菌环直径为20.5 mm;在二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的抗炎模型上,含0.2%甘草酸二钾的牙膏具有超过醋酸氟轻松软膏的效果。     

中草药沐浴剂抗衰老作用研究

研究了以当归、黄芪、白芷和细辛等药物提取液及合剂与沐浴剂基质复配制备的中草药沐浴剂对小鼠皮肤的抗衰老作用。将9月龄小鼠每日浸浴于沐浴剂中,早晚15min各一次,3个月后处死,取背部皮肤,测定小鼠皮肤中超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化脂质(LPO)与羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量。结果表明:加入当归、黄芪、白芷和细辛提取液及其合剂的沐浴剂均有明显抗衰老作用,加入合剂效果好于单味药液。经含有质量分数5%和10%药液合剂的沐浴剂浸浴的试验小鼠SOD浓度为18 34U/mL±0 59U/mL和19 78U/mL±0 63U/mL,LPO为20 41nmol/mL±3 17nmol/mL和18 47nmol/mL±2 90nmol/mL,HYP质量分数达35 57mg/g±4 25mg/g和39 59mg/g±4 04mg/g,与对照组相比均P<0 05,证明该中草药沐浴剂具有明显的抗皮肤衰老作用。     

山茶籽油对D-半乳糖亚急性小鼠皮肤的影响

测定和对比了山茶籽原油和山茶花润肤油的脂肪酸组成、体外抗氧化能力以及对衰老小鼠皮肤的影响。采用气相色谱与质谱联用技术对山茶籽原油与山茶花润肤油的脂肪酸成分进行了分析与对比;获取山茶籽原油与山茶花润肤油的乙醇提取物,采用DPPH(1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼)法和ABTS(2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐)法测定二者的体外抗氧化活性;采用1g/(kg·d)的D-半乳糖溶液背部皮下注射建立小鼠衰老模型,皮肤涂抹山茶油进行体外干预,观察小鼠皮肤组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、羟脯氨酸(Hyp)、丙二醛(MDA)的改变以及小鼠皮肤的形态学变化。结果表明,二者不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,主要有油酸和亚油酸。在体外抗氧化实验中,二者对化学体系产生的自由基都具有较强的清除作用,并与其质量浓度呈一定的正相关关系。在体内实验中,相较于正常组,模型组小鼠皮肤的SOD、CAT、GSH-Px、Hyp含量降低,MDA含量升高,小鼠表皮和真皮厚度降低,胶原纤维含量下降。体外干预后,小鼠皮肤的SOD、CAT、GSH-Px、Hyp含量升高,MDA含量下降,表皮和真皮厚度升高,胶原纤维含量丰富。对山茶油进行体内、体外相结合的抗氧化实验研究得出山茶油具有一定的延缓皮肤衰老的作用。     

滁菊挥发油的抗炎实验研究

为研究滁菊挥发油的抗炎作用,采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀、大鼠纸片肉芽肿模型观察滁菊挥发油对急、慢性炎症的影响。结果表明,滁菊挥发油对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀和大鼠纸片肉芽肿等急、慢性炎症均有明显的抑制作用。     

颠茄乳膏剂的制备及其活血作用的初探

目的本实验用颠茄草制备颠茄乳膏剂并通过7项质量评定,研究对小鼠耳廓微循环的影响。方法将36只小鼠分成6组,每组6只,分别用自制颠茄乳膏剂0.1g/cm2、0.3g/1.5cm2、0.5g/2cm2空白组凡士林0.1g/cm2和阳性对照组扶他林乳膏0.1g/cm2涂抹于小鼠背部,给药后分别观察10min、20min、30min小鼠耳廓的微动、静脉管径的差值和微静脉血液流态去探索颠茄乳膏剂对小鼠微循环的促进作用。结果颠茄乳膏剂的小、中、大剂量组和凡士林组对微动、静脉管径的扩张作用和血液流态都具有极显著差异(P<0.01),颠茄乳膏剂的大剂量组和扶他林组对微动、静脉管径的扩张作用和血液流态具有极显著差异(P<0.01)。结论颠茄乳膏剂能增加小鼠微动、静脉管径,促进微静脉血流速度,具有一定的活血作用。     

祛痘化妆品用中药提取物的抗炎作用研究

为研究祛痘化妆品川中药组方提取物的抗炎活性,采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廊肿胀、1％角叉荣胶致小鼠后足跖肿胀方法．测定致炎小鼠两耳的质量差和后足炎症因子IL-1α、PGE2及蛋白含量,研究中药组办提取物的抗炎活性。结果发现．中药提取物高（200mg／kg）、中（100mg／kg）和低（50mg／kg）剂量组明显抑制了耳肿胀的发生;高剂量组在造模2h后能减轻角叉菜胶所致的足肿胀．与阴性对照组相比有显著性差异,其他组其他时间点未见明显区别;药物组动物IL-1a、PGE2的释放均旺著下降。试验表明祛痘化妆品用中药组方提取物具有显著的抗炎活性。     

黄皮果果核挥发油抗UV致小鼠皮肤光老化损伤的实验研究

通过水蒸气蒸馏法和冷冻结晶法对黄皮果果核挥发油进行提取和分离,将所得黄皮果果核挥发油涂于去毛KM小鼠背部,再进行UVA/UVB联合照射,从皮肤表观评价得分及HE染色结果对其抗光老化作用进行评价。结果表明,1.9%的维生素E供试液作为阳性对照药,能起到显著的抗皮肤光老化作用,2.5%,5%和10%的黄皮果果核挥发油供试液可起到抗UV所致真皮病变的作用,5%和10%时可改善UV照射所引起的表皮增厚及皱褶产生等表皮病变。     

Glycerol Improves Skin Lesion Development in the Imiquimod Mouse Model of Psoriasis: Experimental Confirmation of Anecdotal Reports from Patients with Psoriasis

Glycerol is used in many skin care products because it improves skin function. Anecdotal reports by patients on the National Psoriasis Foundation website also suggest that glycerol may be helpful for the treatment of psoriasis, although to date no experimental data confirm this idea. Glycerol entry into epidermal keratinocytes is facilitated by aquaglyceroporins like aquaporin-3 (AQP3), and its conversion to phosphatidylglycerol, a lipid messenger that promotes keratinocyte differentiation, requires the lipid-metabolizing enzyme phospholipase-D2 (PLD2). To evaluate whether glycerol inhibits inflammation and psoriasiform lesion development in the imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model of psoriasis, glycerol’s effect on psoriasiform skin lesions was determined in IMQ-treated wild-type and PLD2 knockout mice, with glycerol provided either in drinking water or applied topically. Psoriasis area and severity index, ear thickness and ear biopsy weight, epidermal thickness, and inflammatory markers were quantified. Topical and oral glycerol ameliorated psoriasiform lesion development in wild-type mice. Topical glycerol appeared to act as an emollient to induce beneficial effects, since even in PLD2 knockout mice topical glycerol application improved skin lesions. In contrast, the beneficial effects of oral glycerol required PLD2, with no improvement in psoriasiform lesions observed in PLD2 knockout mice. Our findings suggest that the ability of oral glycerol to improve psoriasiform lesions requires its PLD2-mediated conversion to phosphatidylglycerol, consistent with our previous report that phosphatidylglycerol itself improves psoriasiform lesions in this model. Our data also support anecdotal evidence that glycerol can ameliorate psoriasis symptoms and therefore might be a useful therapy alone or in conjunction with other treatments.     

马齿苋的多功效研究及安全性评价

以马齿苋作为研究对象,通过多种方法对其抑菌、美白、抗衰老、抗炎、抗敏等功效进行研究并对其安全性进行评价。结果显示,当马齿苋提取液质量浓度为125 g/L时,对5种常见菌均有抑制效果;质量浓度为2.0 g/L时,对酪氨酸酶的抑制率为82.49%,对DPPH自由基的清除率达100%,对羟自由基的清除率为92.56%,均高于同质量浓度的VC;质量浓度为150 g/L时,对小鼠耳廓肿胀抑制率为55.74%;质量浓度为1.5 g/L时,对透明质酸酶的体外抑制率为72.37%;质量浓度为200 g/L时,RBC溶血率为45.78%,半数溶血量为230 g/L;质量浓度不超过150 g/L的家兔急性眼刺激和人体安全性评价等级为安全无刺激。马齿苋具有较好的抑菌、美白、抗衰老、抗炎、抗敏功效,是一种安全无刺激的化妆品原料。     

金黄葡萄球菌肠毒素C2对小鼠移植瘤的抑制作用

目的采用小鼠移植瘤模型,对金黄葡萄球菌肠毒素C2的抗肿瘤作用进行研究,以进一步揭示超抗原在肿瘤治疗方面的意义。方法从金葡菌发酵液中提纯SEC2蛋白,并经SDS-PAGE及测序分析;构建小鼠S180肉瘤和Lewis肺癌移植瘤模型,分别腹腔注射高、中、低剂量(800、400、200 ng/kg)的SEC2,连续给药10 d,同时以环磷酰胺为阳性对照,生理盐水为阴性对照。于给药后第11天处死小鼠,将肿瘤组织分离并称重,比较SEC2对S180肉瘤及Lewis肺癌移植瘤的抑瘤效果。结果在相对分子质量约30 000处可见目的条带,与理论值相符,N-未端氨基酸测序与文献报道一致;SEC2对两种移植瘤均产生较明显抑制作用,高、中、低剂量SEC2对S180肉瘤的抑瘤率分别达到50.60%、31.81%和19.38%,对Lewis肺癌的抑瘤率分别达到55.62%、45.70%和37.78%。结论从动物水平上确认了SEC2的抑瘤效果,为进一步开展超抗原抗肿瘤研究奠定了基础。     

Inhibitory effect of topical maize glucosylceramide on skin photoaging in UVA-irradiated hairless mice

We investigated the effect of topical application of the glucosylceramide prepared from maize on photoaged mice. Six-week-old hairless female mice were swabbed on the back with glucosylceramide solution or vehicle, following UVA irradiation for 9 weeks. Wrinkle formation was evaluated at 3, 6, and 9 weeks by skin replica analysis by using a three-dimensional (3-D) imaging system. Moreover, epidermal thickness was analyzed at the end of the experiment. Topical application of glucosylceramide significantly reduced UVA-induced wrinkle formation in the skin as well as epidermal hypertrophy. These results suggest that topical glucosylceramide has an inhibitory effect on UVA-induced photoaging.     

Rapamycin Alleviates 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-Induced Aggravated Dermatitis in Mice with Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis by Inducing Autophagy

Recently, the mTOR signaling has emerged as an important player in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We previously found that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced psoriatic skin inflammation was related to the inhibition of autophagy in keratinocytes. However, the effects and detailed molecular mechanisms of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and TCDD on psoriasis in vivo remain to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of rapamycin and TCDD on skin lesions in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis using a mouse model. TCDD aggravated skin inflammation in an IMQ-induced psoriatic mouse model. Furthermore, TCDD increased the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), CYP1A1, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers (NADPH oxidase (Nox) 2, Nox4), and phosphorylated P65NF-ĸB, whereas the expression of autophagy-related factors and the antioxidant marker nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) decreased. Rapamycin reduced the aggravated skin inflammation induced by TCDD and restored TCDD-induced autophagy suppression and the increase of AHR expression, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in the skin lesions of a psoriatic mouse model. In conclusion, we demonstrated that rapamycin alleviates TCDD-induced aggravated dermatitis in mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis through AHR and autophagy modulation.     

The effect of long-chain monoenes on prostaglandin E2 synthesis by rat skin

In order to ascertain whether the dermal lesions observed in male rats fed rapeseed oils are due to impaired prostaglandin biosynthesis, endogenous levels of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in skin and the capacity of this tissue to synthesize PGE₂ from arachidonic acid was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed from weaning for 8 weeks either a standard rat diet (chow) or semisynthetic diets containing 20% by weight of the following fat sources: corn oil; commercial lard; commercial lard to which was added 5.4% free erucic acid; rendered pig fat; or the following rapeseed oils:Brassica napus var. Zephyr;B. campestris var. Span;B. campestris var. Arlo (15%) and var. Echo (85%) designated HEAR (high erucic acid rapeseed). The long-chain monoene content (18∶1, 20∶1, and 22∶1) of the diets fed ranged from 30 to 71 mole % and that of skin from 27 to 74 mole %. A significant (P<0.01) correlation was found between the level of 18∶2n−6 in the diet and the endogenous PGE₂ levels in skin and the capacity of this tissue to synthesize PGE₂. No relationship was found between these two PGE₂ parameters and the level of erucic acid in the diet. The rate of turnover of PGE₂ appeared to be lower in rats fed rapeseed oil as evidenced by the relatively high endogenous PGE₂ levels when these oils were fed (96 to 105 μg/g). On the other hand, the lowest capacity for PGE₂ synthesis was found with skin from rats fed Zephyr rapeseed oil, rats which also had the most severe incidence of hair loss and dermal lesions. Significant (P<0.01) negative correlations were observed between the level of monoenes and specifically the level of oleic (18∶1n−9) acid in the diets and PGE₂ synthesis capacity of skin, possibly confirming the known inhibitory effect of 18∶1n−9 on the prostaglandin synthesizing enzyme system. Contribution No. 687, Animal Research Institute.