植物油的脱色研究

研究了用活性白土吸附方法对植物油进行脱色；分析比较了蒙脱土和凹凸棒土的结构及差异，确定采用了凹凸棒土；考察了凹凸棒土有不同温度下的用量和加入活性白土时初始温度对植物油脱色的影响。采用白土吸附法将植物渍中的胸性物质及有臭物质除去，取得了良好的脱色效果。     

海泡石的活化及其对植物油脱色性能的研究

通过对海泡石进行活化处理 ,研究了酸浓度、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、脱色温度及油土比等因素对海泡石吸附脱色性能的影响 ,探讨了海泡石对植物油脱色的最佳条件 ,结果表明 ,海泡石活性土脱色效果优于国产活性白土 ,可作为一种新型的植物油脱色剂应用于植物油的精炼脱色     

海泡石的活化及其对植物油脱色性能的研究

通过对海泡石进行活化处理,研究了酸浓度、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、脱色温度及油土比等因素对海泡石吸附脱色性能的影响,探讨了海泡石对植物油脱色的最佳条件,结果表明,海泡石活性土脱色效果优于国产活性白土,可作为一种新型的植物油脱色剂应用于植物的精炼脱色。     

ATT土脱色吸附性能的研究

本文通过对ATT土焙烧活化、酸处理活化的研究,得到了活化的最佳温度和最佳酸度值。通过ATT土对石油、植物油脱色吸附的研究,并与一般活性白土作了比较,实验证ATT土的脱色能力比一般活性白土高得多。     

凹凸棒用于汽油脱色的研究

分别以100℃烘干的盱眙凹凸棒,质量比均为1∶1的盱眙凹凸棒和活性白土复合物、活性白土和临泽凹凸棒复合物以及盱眙凹凸棒和临泽凹凸棒复合物为脱色剂,剂油比为1∶8,进行了汽油脱色,活化温度对盱眙凹凸棒脱色率的影响研究。结果表明,盱眙凹凸棒脱色率最佳,为75.48%;活化温度为300℃时脱色率为77.42%。最后利用FT-IR和TEM技术对盱眙凹凸棒脱色剂进行了表征。     

改性凹凸棒土对润滑油的吸附性能研究

以凹凸棒土为原料,进行酸活化改性。采用正交试验和单因素实验测定了不同的改性活化条件对凹凸棒土脱色率的影响。研究结果表明,酸活化条件对凹凸棒土吸附性能的影响顺序为:酸用量液固比反应温度反应时间。然后以活化凹凸棒土为原料,考察了不同的吸附工艺如吸附温度、吸附时间、凹凸棒土用量等对润滑油碱氮脱除率的影响规律。研究结果表明凹凸棒土用量影响吸附后润滑油的碱氮值的主要因素。     

合成酯的脱色方法研究

为提高合成酯产品的质量和性能,对合成酯先脱酸,再分别采用萃取、蒸馏和吸附3种方法进行脱色处理.实验结果表明,脱酸不仅能脱除合成酯当中的游离脂肪酸,还能脱除部分有色杂质,脱酸后酸值从8.75降到0.40,脱色率为5.9％;萃取脱色和蒸馏脱色均不能有效地去除合成酯当中的色素;活性白土、中性氧化铝、硅藻土、凹凸棒土作为脱色剂对色素的吸附效果均不及活性炭;以活性炭为吸附剂,脱色时间55 min,温度81℃,吸附剂用量为原料质量的6.8％,合成酯脱色率为24.8％;经过脱酸、活性炭吸附脱色处理,合成酯从黄红色变成浅黄色液体,产品质量符合要求.     

凹土处理造纸废水的技术研究

讨论了凹凸棒土的热处理改性方法,利用改性凹凸棒土对造纸黑液进行吸附脱色和降低COD性能研究,考察了改性温度,pH值、凹凸棒土投加量、吸附时间等因素的影响.结果表明：改性凹凸棒土对造纸黑液CODcr和色度有较好的去除能力,具有工业应用前景.     

酸活化对凹凸棒土脱色性能的影响研究

以凹凸棒土为原料,进行酸活化改性。采用正交试验和单因素实验测定了不同的改性活化条件对凹凸棒土脱色率和活性度的影响,得到了酸用量、活化时间、活化温度和液固比等对凹凸棒土活化效果影响的主次关系。研究结果表明,酸活化条件对凹凸棒土吸附性能的影响顺序为:酸用量液固比反应温度反应时间。     

活性白土对伊朗蜡的脱色研究

采用活性白土吸附法对伊朗蜡进行脱色处理,利用赛波特比色计法对其脱色效果进行了表征,探究活性白土加入量、吸附时间、吸附温度等因素对其脱色效果的影响,并比较了脱色前后伊朗蜡的熔点和组成。实验结果表明活性白土吸附对伊朗蜡脱色的最佳工艺条件如下:活性白土用量为20%,吸附温度为110℃,吸附时间为60 min,脱色后的伊朗蜡的赛波特颜色为+17,满足半精炼石蜡的色度要求。脱色前后伊朗蜡的熔点由52.10℃降低到51.90℃,平均相对分子质量降低了0.37。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.