中间层对高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料真空钎焊的影响

采用铜箔、Al-Si-Mg及Al-Si-Mg/Cu/Al-Si-Mg(简称ACA)3种不同中间层对高体积分数45%SiC_p/Al复合材料进行真空钎焊连接研究.通过SEM,EDS及XRD等方法对钎缝的微观结构及界面组织进行了分析,研究了中间层种类对钎焊接头微观结构、界面组织以及连接强度的影响,阐明了不同中间层钎焊连接45%SiC_p/Al复合材料的界面形成过程及接头断裂机制.结果表明,ACA中间层兼具了铜和Al-Si-Mg钎料的优点,可降低钎料的液相线,增加其流动性,通过Cu原子优先在铝合金基体与其氧化膜的界面处扩散发生共晶反应,增强钎料的去膜作用,从而实现高体积分数45%SiC_p/Al复合材料的高质量连接.     

填充泡沫Ti/AlSiMg的SiC陶瓷钎焊接头的组织与性能

为丰富SiC陶瓷钎焊所用钎料的设计思路,提出了一种泡沫Ti/AlSiMg新型复合钎料,通过Ti元素的溶入提高钎料与SiC陶瓷之间的界面结合力,利用泡沫Ti与Al基钎料之间的界面反应获得原位增强的钎缝,从而提升接头力学性能. 采用钎焊温度700 ℃、保温时间60 min和焊接压力10 MPa进行SiC陶瓷真空钎焊,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射、电子探针和万能试验机对接头组织、成分和性能进行分析,探索泡沫Ti/AlSiMg复合钎料在SiC陶瓷钎焊中的可用性. 结果表明,填充泡沫Ti/AlSiMg复合钎料所得接头结构为SiC/Al/Ti(Al,Si)₃/Ti(Al,Si)₃原位增强Ti基钎缝/ Ti(Al,Si)₃/Al/SiC,断裂发生在铝合金界面层和SiC陶瓷之间,Ti元素的溶入提高了铝合金界面层与SiC陶瓷之间的界面结合力,接头抗剪强度达111 MPa.     

SiC_p/2024Al复合材料与SiC陶瓷的软钎焊

采用Sn3.0Ag0.7Cu钎料对表面电镀铜后的增强相体积为45%的SiC_p/2024Al复合材料和表面化学镀铜后的SiC陶瓷进行钎焊,利用扫描电镜、材料试验机等研究了钎焊接头的显微组织、剪切断口形貌以及钎焊保温时间对接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明:表面电镀铜后的SiC_p/2024Al复合材料能够实现与表面化学镀铜的SiC陶瓷的软钎焊,在260℃下保温0.5min能得到剪切强度为24MPa的接头,焊缝组织致密,钎料对电镀铜后的SiC_p/2024Al复合材料和化学镀铜后SiC陶瓷的润湿性都良好,断裂部位发生在铝基复合材料与电镀铜结合处以及电镀铜层较薄弱处。     

Ag-Cu-Sn-Ti活性钎焊Gr/2024Al复合材料与TC4钛合金

采用自制的AgCuSnTi钎料对发汗材料Gr/2024Al复合材料和TC4钛合金进行钎焊,对焊后接头界面组织及力学性能进行了分析.结果表明,接头典型界面组织为Gr/2024Al/Ti₃AlC₂/Ag₂Al+Ag₃Sn+Al₂Cu+Al₅CuTi₂/Al₅CuTi₂+Ag₃Sn/TC4.钎焊时,活性元素Ti与Gr/2024Al复合材料的石墨基体发生活性反应,实现了TC4与Gr/2024Al复合材料的低温连接,保证了复合材料的力学性能及发汗功能.随钎焊温度升高及保温时间延长,钎缝组织中弥散分布的Al₅CuTi₂化合物聚集长大成块状,使接头性能下降.当钎焊温度为680℃,保温时间为10min时接头抗剪强度达到最大值17MPa,其为Gr/2024Al复合材料母材强度的70%.     

采用复合钎料加压钎焊70%SiCp/Al复合材料

采用机械球磨的方法制备了Al-Si-xSiC(x为体积分数)复合钎料,采用复合钎料实现了70%SiCp/Al复合材料的加压钎焊连接. 利用SEM和EDS确定了钎缝是由α-Al,Si,SiC,Al₂O₃等相组成. 结果表明,在压力作用下SiC颗粒被固定在钎缝区而使得钎缝区的组织类似于复合材料,钎缝中一定的SiC颗粒可以缓解母材与金属钎料之间的热膨胀系数之差,从而减小了焊接残余应力,可以提高接头的强度,而钎焊施加一定的压力则可促进钎料与SiC颗粒的润湿性. 工艺适当时,接头最高强度达到125.7 MPa.     

SiCf/SiC与MX246A钎焊接头界面组织及性能分析

利用Ti,Hf的反应活性配制的高温活性钎料,对SiC_f/SiC复合材料与MX246A高温合金进行了高温钎焊,并实现两者高强度钎焊连接,分析了接头界面微观组织、物相组成与力学性能. 结果表明,(SiC_f/SiC)/MX246A钎焊接头界面中有Ni₂Si,NiTi,TiC,NiAl,Ni₃₁Si₁₂等产物生成,其结构可以表示为:(SiC_f/SiC)/TiC + NiTi + Ni₂Si + Ni₃₁Si₁₂ + (Ni, Cr) + (Cr, W) + (W, Mo)/MX246A. 在室温及1 000℃下,钎焊接头抗剪强度均达到70 MPa以上,接头断裂于复合材料侧. 在1 270 ℃保温15 min条件下,(SiC_f/SiC)/MX246A钎焊接头1 000 ℃的平均抗剪强度可达到90 MPa.     

BNi2+TiH2复合钎料钎焊C/C复合材料与GH99镍基高温合金

采用BNi2+TiH₂复合粉末钎料成功实现C/C复合材料与GH99镍基高温合金的钎焊,对焊后接头界面组织及力学性能进行了分析.结果表明,焊后接头典型界面结构为C/C复合材料/Cr₃C₂+MC+Ni(s,s)/MC+Ni(s,s)/Ni₃Si+Ni(s,s)/Cr₃C₂+MC+Ni(s,s)/GH99高温合金.钎料中加入TiH₂,可促进C/C复合材料母材的溶解,并在钎缝中部形成MC碳化物颗粒.随着TiH₂含量的增加,钎缝中部MC形态由细小弥散向大片状转变.当TiH₂含量为3%时,接头室温及800,1000℃高温抗剪强度最高,分别可达40,19及10 MPa,接头强度高于BNi2钎料钎焊接头强度,并可有效保证接头高温使用性能.     

SiCp/Cu复合材料的真空钎焊

对冷压烧结结合热挤压工艺制备的SiC/Cu复合材料,选用Ti和AgCuTi为钎料,采用不同的工艺进行真空钎焊试验.用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对母材和钎焊接头的剪切断口形貌进行分析,利用电子万能试验机对钎焊接头进行抗剪强度测试,将接头抗剪强度与母材抗剪强度进行对比以评判钎缝质量.结果表明,用Ti为钎料连接SiCp/Cu复合材料的连接状况要优于AgCuTi钎料,且连接温度850℃,保温时间为20 min时,抗剪强度最大为70.5 MPa,与母材抗剪强度相当;随着铜基复合材料中SiCp含量不断增加,钎焊接头室温抗剪强度不断下降,当SiCp含量超过10%时,抗剪强度快速下降.     

钎料形态对半固态加压反应钎焊接头的影响

采用自制不同形态的Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ti钎料对70% SiC_p/Al复合材料进行了半固态加压反应钎焊,阐述了该焊接方法的内涵,分析了接头组织性能. 结果表明,填充粉末钎料时,钎缝组织为铝合金基体、深灰色环状和块状Ti₇Al₅Si₁₂和块状Ti;填充片状钎料时,钎缝组织为铝合金基体和短棒状Ti₇Al₅Si₁₂. 接头界面结合情况是影响接头性能的主要因素. 填充粉末钎料时,钎料与母材结合充分,原子扩散通道多,接头界面结合好,没有明显分界线,接头力学性能好,抗剪强度达92.1 MPa,断口属于韧脆混合断口;填充片状钎料时,界面处有明显分界线,接头力学性能差,抗剪强度为43.9 MPa,断口为脆性断口.     

Cf/SiC复合材料与304不锈钢钎焊接头组织与性能

采用Ti-Zr-Be活性钎料作为连接层,在一定工艺参数下真空钎焊C_f/SiC复合材料和304不锈钢.利用SEM,EDS,XRD和俄歇谱仪分析接头微观组织结构,利用剪切试验检测接头力学性能,分析了工艺参数对接头抗剪强度的影响.结果表明,在复合材料附近形成ZrC+TiC+Be₂C/Ti-Si反应层,连接层中主要包含FeZr₂,锆基固溶体,BeTi,Ti-Zr固溶体等反应产物,304不锈钢附近形成FeTi/αFe反应层.在连接温度为950℃,连接时间为60min时,接头室温抗剪强度最高为109.3 MPa,断裂位置为C_f/SiC复合材料与中间层连接界面靠近复合材料端.     

Joining of Cf/SiC Composite and TC4 Using Ag-Al-Ti Active Brazing Alloy

Carbon fiber reinforced SiC (C_f/SiC) composite was successfully joined to TC4 with Ag-Al-Ti alloy powder by brazing. Microstructures of the brazed joints were investigated by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, and x-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of the brazed joints were measured by mechanical testing machine. The results showed that the brazed joint mainly consists of TiC, Ti₃SiC₂, Ti₅Si₃, Ag, TiAl, and Ti₃Al reaction products. TiC + Ti₃SiC₂/Ti₅Si₃ + TiAl reaction layers are formed near C_f/SiC composite while TiAl/Ti₃Al/Ti + Ti₃Al reaction layers are formed near TC4. The thickness of reaction layers of the brazed joint increases with the increased brazing temperature or holding time. The maximum room temperature and 500 °C shear strengths of the joints brazed at brazing temperature 930 °C for holding time 20 min are 84 and 40 MPa, respectively.     

C_f/SiC复合材料与钛合金Ag-Cu-Ti-C_f复合钎焊

采用Ag-Cu-Ti-Cf(Cf:碳纤维)复合钎料作中间层,在适当的工艺参数下真空钎焊Cf/SiC复合材料与钛合金,利用SEM,EDS和XRD分析接头微观组织结构,利用剪切试验检测接头力学性能.结果表明,钎焊时复合钎料中的钛与Cf/SiC复合材料反应,在Cf/SiC复合材料与连接层界面形成Ti3SiC2,Ti5Si3和少量TiC化合物的混合反应层.复合钎料中的铜与钛合金中的钛发生互扩散,在连接层与钛合金界面形成不同成分的Cu-Ti化合物过渡层.钎焊后,形成碳纤维强化的致密复合连接层.碳纤维的加入缓解了接头的残余热应力,Cf/SiC/Ag-Cu-Ti-Cf/TC4接头抗剪强度明显高于Cf/SiC/Ag-Cu-Ti/TC4接头.     

Cf/SiC复合材料与钛合金(Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni)+W复合钎焊分析

在适当的工艺参数下,用(Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni)+W复合钎料真空钎焊Cf/SiC复合材料与钛合金,采用SEM,EDS和XRD分析接头组织结构,利用剪切试验检测接头的力学性能.结果表明,钎焊时复合钎料中的钛、锆与Cf/SiC复合材料反应,在Cf/SiC复合材料与连接层界面生成Ti3SiC2,Ti5Si3和少量TiC(ZrC)化合物的混合反应层,在连接层与钛合金界面形成Ti-Cu化合物扩散层.增强相钨粉能有效缓解接头的残余热应力,提高接头力学性能,在连接温度930℃,保温时间20 min的工艺条件下,增强相钨粉含量为15%(体积分数)时,接头抗剪强度最高为166 MPa.     

AgCuTi-Al钎焊C_f/SiC与TC4接头分析

采用AgCuTi-Al混合粉末作为中间层,在适当的工艺参数下真空钎焊Cf/SiC复合材料和钛合金,利用扫描电镜,能谱仪和X射线衍射对接头的微观组织结构进行分析,利用剪切试验测定接头的力学性能.结果表明,在钎焊过程中,钎料中的钛与Cf/SiC复合材料中的基体SiC,碳纤维发生反应,在Cf/SiC复合材料侧形成了TiC,T...     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu/Al joints brazed using (Cu,Ni, Zr,Er)-modified Al—Si filler alloys

To design a promising Al—Si filler alloy with a relatively low melting-point, good strength and plasticity for the Cu/Al joint, the Cu, Ni, Zr and Er elements were innovatively added to modify the traditional Al—Si eutectic filler. The microstructure and mechanical properties of filler alloys and Cu/Al joints were investigated. The result indicated that the Al—Si—Ni—Cu filler alloys mainly consisted of Al(s,s), Al₂(Cu,Ni) and Si(s,s). The Al—10Si—2Ni—6Cu filler alloy exhibited relatively low solidus (521 °C) and liquidus (577 °C) temperature, good tensile strength (305.8 MPa) and fracture elongation (8.5%). The corresponding Cu/Al joint brazed using Al—10Si—2Ni—6Cu filler was mainly composed of Al₈(Mn,Fe)₂Si, Al₂(Cu,Ni)₃, Al(Cu,Ni), Al₂(Cu,Ni) and Al(s,s), yielding a shear strength of (90.3±10.7) MPa. The joint strength was further improved to (94.6±2.5) MPa when the joint was brazed using the Al—10Si—2Ni—6Cu—0.2Er—0.2Zr filler alloy. Consequently, the (Cu, Ni, Zr, Er)-modified Al—Si filler alloy was suitable for obtaining high-quality Cu/Al brazed joints.     

Interfacial features of TiAl alloy/316L stainless steel joint brazed with Zr−Cu−Ni−Al amorphous filler metal

TiAl alloy and 316L stainless steel were vacuum-brazed with Zr?50.0Cu?7.1Ni?7.1Al (at.%) amorphous filler metal. The influence of brazing time and temperature on the interfacial microstructure and shear strength of the resultant joints was investigated. The brazed seam consisted of three layers, including two diffusion layers and one residual filler metal layer. The typical microstructure of brazed TiAl alloy/316L stainless steel joint was TiAl alloy substrate/α₂-(Ti₃Al)/AlCuTi/residual filler metal/Cu₉Zr₁₁+Fe₂₃Zr₆/Laves-Fe₂Zr/α-(Fe,Cr)/316L stainless steel substrate. Discontinuous brittle Fe₂Zr layer formed near the interface between the residual filler metal layer and α-(Fe,Cr) layer. The maximum shear strength of brazed joints reached 129 MPa when brazed at 1020 °C for 10 min. The diffusion activation energies of α₂-(Ti₃Al) and α-(Fe,Cr) phases were ?195.769 and ?112.420 kJ/mol, respectively, the diffusion constants for these two phases were 3.639×10^?6 and 7.502×10^?10 μm²/s, respectively. Cracks initiated at Fe₂Zr layer and propagated into the residual filler metal layer during the shear test. The Laves-Fe₂Zr phase existing on the fracture surface suggested the brittle fracture mode of the brazed joints.     

Brazing C/SiC composites and Nb with TiNiNb active filler metal

Abstract

C/SiC composites and Nb were vacuum brazed with the Ti_39·4Ni_39·4Nb_21·2 alloy being the active filler metal. The mechanical properties of the filler material, the microstructure and the strength of brazing joints were investigated. The results showed that the filler TiNiNb alloy has a tensile strength of 860?MPa, an elongation of 51% and an elastic modulus of 78?GPa. Both Ti and Nb elements in the filler reacted with C/SiC during the brazing process, and a well bonded C/SiC–Nb joint was obtained. The ductile filler metal released the thermal stress in the joint. When the brazing was performed at 1220°C for 20?min, the shear strength of brazed joints reached 149, 120 and 73?MPa at 20, 600 and 800°C respectively.