超快冷对厚规格X80管线钢组织性能的影响

采用Gleeble试验机研究了厚规格(22mm)X80管线钢的动态相变行为,得到了动态CCT曲线,对不同冷却工艺钢的显微组织、力学性能以及析出行为进行了系统的对比分析。结果表明,在40℃/s的高冷速条件下试验用钢的组织为细小的板条贝氏体(LB),相变终止温度达到约400℃;在超快冷工艺条件下钢卷的强度有所提高,韧性没有明显的变化;其显微组织中准多边形铁素体(QF)的比例下降,板条贝氏体(LB)的比例上升,M/A岛的比例有所降低;轧后快冷可抑制奥氏体中的析出,提高Nb在铁素体中的析出比例,使析出粒子尺寸更加细小,提高析出强化效果。     

奥氏体高温转变区二段冷却速率对铁素体相变的影响

采用Gleeble热力模拟机对C-Mn钢热压缩变形后过冷奥氏体高温转变区进行二段冷却速率控制,通过冷却过程中施加微小应变,并根据应力-温度曲线,结合金相组织观察,研究了二段冷却速率对铁素体相变开始温度和相变组织的影响。结果表明:在过冷奥氏体高温转变区冷却相同时间,相对于连续冷却,当前段快冷,后段缓冷时,铁素体相变开始温度下降,相变的铁素体体积分数增加;当前段快冷速率为100℃/s时,铁素体相变开始温度下降幅度能达到100℃,铁素体体积分数增加近1倍。因此,应用前置式超快冷,并随后缓冷的冷却方式有助于提高铁素体转变量,并降低铁素体相变的温度,以细化铁素体晶粒。     

变形方式对含ZrC粒子20Mn2钢晶粒细化的影响

研究了恒温压缩与降温轧制对含ZrC粒子20Mn2钢晶粒细化的影响.结果表明,在奥氏体再结晶温度区间(1150℃、1050℃)和形变诱导铁素体相变温度区间(950℃、900℃、870℃、850℃),20Mn2钢的晶粒尺寸均能细化至3～4μm;在1150～870℃的降温轧制中,20Mn2钢的晶粒尺寸细化至1～3μm.分析表明,由于ZrC粒子的形变核心和再结晶核心的作用,含ZrC粒子的20Mn2钢在高温下(1150℃、1050℃)和较低温度下(950℃、900℃、870℃、850℃),变形的晶粒组织分别因奥氏体再结晶和形变诱导铁素体相变及其再结晶而得到细化;在降温轧制时,由于综合了高温奥氏体再结晶和低温形变诱导铁素体相变及其再结晶的细化晶粒效应,而最终获得的晶粒尺寸比恒温变形的更小.     

Nb微合金化对Q500MPa级热轧H型钢组织和性能的影响

采用纳米压痕试验、电子背散射衍射、透射电镜等研究Nb元素对热轧H型钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,H型钢中添加0.025%(质量分数,下同)的Nb,在轧制和冷却工艺相同的情况下,屈服强度和-20℃低温冲击功分别为552 MPa、102 J,相比不含Nb的试样分别提升了17.7%和20.0%,且晶粒尺寸从5μm细化至4μm。通过热力学计算发现铁素体基体内形成的复合析出物(Nb_(1-x)V_x)C与基体的界面能比NbC与基体的界面能更小且形核驱动力更大,因此更易促进Nb以复合析出物形式析出,且纳米析出物平均尺寸从16.3 nm减小至11.46 nm,体积分数从0.053%提高至0.108%,析出强化由55 MPa增加至102 MPa,铁素体硬度由247HV提升至279HV,添加Nb元素后析出强化贡献增量较细晶强化增量高18 MPa。     

原位观察稀土镧对低合金高强度钢焊接热影响区晶粒细化的影响

使用高温激光共聚焦扫描显微镜原位观察了含0.016%(质量分数,下同)的 La和不含La的低合金高强钢模拟焊接热影响区中高温阶段奥氏体的长大和组织转变行为,并使用光学显微镜和电子扫描显微镜对比分析了添加0.016%的La对粗晶热影响区晶粒细化的影响。结果表明：添加0.016%的La使低合金高强钢中的夹杂物由Al-Mg-O、(Mn,Ca)S和TiN复合夹杂物演变为La₂O₂S,这种夹杂物与铁素体的晶格错配度较低,能促进针状铁素体的形成。同时,在添加0.016%La的钢中生成了更多细小弥散的(Ti,Nb)(C,N)析出物,在模拟焊接热循环过程中能钉扎粗晶热影响区奥氏体晶界抑制晶粒长大。这表明,含0.016%La的低合金高强钢中粗晶热影响区的晶粒更为细小。     

再加热温度对Nb微合金化钢筋连续冷却相变及组织与性能的影响

利用热模拟试验机以再加热温度为1 000～1 100℃的条件对Nb微合金化钢筋形变奥氏体在不同冷却速率下的组织和相变规律进行研究,获得动态CCT曲线。研究结果表明,再加热温度的提高会降低铁素体相变温度,使珠光体、贝氏体相区向右移动。同时,再加热温度提高降低了铁素体组织的比例,使其硬度提高。在冷却速率小于2℃/s时,实验钢均得到均匀的铁素体+珠光体组织。不同实验条件下的析出相分析结果表明,由于再加热温度的提高有利于Nb的固溶,大颗粒未溶相含量降低,沉淀析出相尺寸减小、数量更多,有利于发挥沉淀强化作用,提高钢筋性能。     

终轧温度对Ti-V-Mo复合微合金钢组织演变和硬度的影响

采用Gleeble3800热模拟试验机、OM、EBSD、TEM及Vickers硬度计等研究终轧温度对Ti-V-Mo复合微合金钢的组织转变、析出相和硬度的影响,并阐明了组织演变和硬度变化的原因。结果表明,不同终轧温度的Ti-V-Mo钢其组织均为多边形铁素体;随着终轧温度由1000℃降低到800℃,Ti-V-Mo钢的硬度由400HV提高到427HV;铁素体晶粒的平均尺寸由3.44μm减小到3.05μm;(Ti, V, Mo)C粒子的析出数量增加,其平均尺寸由8.38 nm减小到6.25 nm。随着终轧温度的降低,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸的减小和纳米级(Ti, V, Mo)C粒子的增多及细化是硬度增大的主要因素。在980℃以下,降低终轧温度(Ti, V, Mo)C在奥氏体中的形核率不断减小,使得其在铁素体中析出的10 nm以下的(Ti, V, Mo)C粒子不断增多,促进了硬度的提高。     

热轧钛微合金化TRIP钢的组织与性能研究

对钛微合金化TRIP钢进行连续冷却转变曲线的测定,分析轧制与冷却工艺对其组织与性能的影响。结果表明:实验钢的奥氏体/铁素体、奥氏体/马氏体相变点分别在500~650℃和450℃左右;组织由铁素体/贝氏体及少量残余奥氏体组成;随着终轧温度的升高,实验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度有所降低;随着空冷结束温度的降低,实验钢的屈服强度降低;当终轧温度和空冷结束温度分别为796℃和722℃时,实验钢的屈服强度,抗拉强度和强塑积分别为661,888MPa和25042MPa·%,其对应组织为细小的铁素体及板条贝氏体,铁素体基体上存在大量细小的析出物。     

P91热轧无缝钢管的TMCP模拟

基于无缝钢管PQF工艺并结合其动态相变规律研究结果,制定P91热轧无缝钢管TMCP,使用Gleeble1500-D热模拟试验机对P91钢进行TMCP穿孔、连轧及定径热变形模拟,使用SEM和TEM观察变形各阶段的精细组织结构,分析P91钢管在TMCP条件下的微观组织遗传规律,研究了形变奥氏体的细化、强化及其马氏体相变行为。结果表明：对于P91钢管,采用TMCP,穿孔及连轧真应变达1.8的高温大变形易实现再结晶、细化形变奥氏体晶粒,990℃低温定径变形累积强化形变奥氏体、诱导马氏体相变,结合1℃/s的控制冷却得到了细化至0.1~0.5 μm的马氏体板条。还发现,板条内的亚结构为2~20 nm的微细孪晶及高密度位错,析出了20 nm×100 nm的(Cr,Fe,Mo)₂₃C₆纳米级碳化物。这种组织特征遗传了P91钢管TMCP细晶强化、析出强化及相变强化效果,大大提高了P91钢管的力学性能,并由实际生产验证了P91钢管TMCP的可行性。     

X70针状铁素体管线钢中的析出行为研究

利用透射电镜和X射线能谱研究了Nb-V-Ti微合金X70针状铁素体管线钢中析出物的形貌、结构和化学成分.观测结果表明所研究钢中的析出物可分为两大类:一类为高温析出的尺寸较大的复合析出物,尺寸较大的方形TiN粒子为复合析出物的核心,而含Nb的尺寸较小的析出物附着在其一侧或多个侧面生长.在较低温度下,Nb的碳化物和(或)碳氮化物在位错和亚界面上非均匀形核析出,尺寸较小,外貌呈球形.根据钢的化学成分、热力学和X射线能谱分析认为,NbC粒子是本工艺条件下所研究的Nb-V-Ti微合金X70针状铁素体管线钢中的主要析出相.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.