稀土铬络合染料的制备、表征及对丝绸的染色性能

制备了稀土(La、Nd、Y)铬(Cr)络合染料.用EDTA络合滴定法测定产物的稀土含量,用可见分光光度法测定铬含量,用红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱对产物的结构进行表征,结果表明:在稀土铬络合染料结构中,稀土离子(La3+、Nd3+、Y3+)、铬离子(Cr3+)与配体染料分子中的羧基、羟基及偶氮基产生了配位作用.丝绸染色试验及其各项色牢度测试结果表明:稀土铬络合染料染色的丝绸比相应配体染料和铬络合染料染色的丝绸颜色鲜艳;茜素黄稀土铬染料染色的丝绸色牢度比相应的配体茜素黄染料和铬络合染料都要好.     

媒介染料低温低铬小浴比快速染色新工艺

本文重点介绍了媒介染料低温低铬小浴比快速染色新工艺，节约能源显著、对减少羊毛纤维损伤、改善纺纱性能和环境污染，具有极大的使用价值。同时对媒介染料的染色方法、优缺点以及近年来对改善媒介染料缺点的措施也进行了阐述。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定Lanaset染料染色羊绒中铬残留量

 Lanaset是一种由含有活性溴代丙烯酰胺基团的毛用活性染料与金属络合物混合的染料,为了解Lanaset染料对羊绒染色后铬的残留量,采用微波消解进行前处理,以HNO3+H2O2(5+2,V/V)作为消解试剂,采用石墨炉原子吸收（GFAAS）法,建立了一种简便、灵敏、准确的羊绒中痕量铬的GFAAS测定方法。设定样品消化液灰化温度为1100℃,实验原子化温度为2300℃。结果显示,铬的最低检出浓度为0.22 μg/L,相对标准偏差为3.6%～6.3%,回收率为96.0%～102.3%。对15份试验样品进行检测,铬含量在0.126～0.289 mg/kg范围,明显低于生态纺织品标准限量要求。     

天然棕对皮革染色性能的研究

探讨了天然棕染料对皮革的染色工艺条件 ,确定了适合铬鞣革的染色工艺参数 ,并讨论了不同染色方法对染色效果的影响。     

新型生态络合染料的合成及其在羊毛染色中的研究

通过对合成的铁、铝、铬三种金属络合染料在羊毛上进行染色研究对比,在一定程度上证实了铁、铝生态金属络合染料取代铬络合染料的可能性和优越性。     

用于聚酰胺纺织品的金属络合染料和化学品之间的人体生态相关性

报道了金属络合染料染色的聚酰胺纺织品中减少Cr（Ⅲ）释放的原因和可能性。确定了在金属络合染料染色的聚酰胺织物上,常常可观察到与通常的生态标签相关的Cr（Ⅲ）超出限量的现象,这首先可跟踪到整理制,尤其是通过浸轧施加的,描述了铬固定的可能性。因此．这种面向应用的研究工作在整理工厂首先是与操作工密切相关联的,而没有更直接地审察它们之间的化学关系。     

现代制革技术与实践 (续)

6.4 染料的性能 6.4.1 染料的相容性 分析化学对染料的许多性能如溶解性、坚牢度、溶液pH值等的检测都有详细的分析方法,但对染料相容性的分析检测方法却没有明确规定。近几年来,各种分析方法相继被用到染料相容性的分析检测中,每一种分析方法的尝试都使人们对染色配方有了更好的了解。这些分析方法包括磨革革屑、标准铬鞣皮革、铬鞣小牛皮废革屑等的标准吸收曲线。     

1∶2型金属络合染料对染色毛织物中可萃取铬含量的影响

选取5种依索伦(Isolan)染料和1种阿西多(Acidol)染料,均为1∶2型金属络合染料,分别在中性浴和等电点条件下对毛织物染色,按Oeko-Tex标准100规定的条件,使用等离子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定其可萃取铬含量。结果表明,染色毛织物上可萃取铬含量小于Oeko-Tex标准100中对于可萃取重金属铬含量的限定值2 mg/kg织物。染色毛织物上可萃取铬含量与其染浴pH值存在负相关关系,1∶2型金属络合染料染色毛织物不宜进行强酸处理。通过对金属络合物结构稳定性分析,确认了可萃取铬含量测试数据的合理性。     

羊绒制品媒介黑PV染色后铬含量的测定

酸性媒介染料染深色羊绒是较为常用的染色方法，采用微波消解法对媒介黑PV染色羊绒制品进行预处理，再通过原子吸收光谱测定法（AAS）测定样品的铬含量。分析了该测定方法的检出限、精密度、准备度及可行性。试验结果表明，采用该方法铬的检出浓度为0．04μg／L，样品平均精密度为3．39％，平均回收率为101．9％，具有较好的可行性。     

Huntsman Textile Effects推出新型毛用无铬染料

7月13日,始终以“持续创新”为目标的HuntsmanTextileEffects（亨斯迈纺织染化）公司推出了新型羊毛用或其他动物纤维用无铬染料LANASOLBlacks系列。LANASOLBlacks可以通过一个简单而充分的染色工艺加以应用．具有优异的重现性,大大缩短了工艺过程,比含铬染料更加经济。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.