负载型催化剂在乳化液废水处理中的应用

研究了过渡金属氧化物、稀土金属氧化物、CuO／γAl2O3、MnO2／γAl2O3负载型催化剂及其复合负载型催化剂对乳化液废水催化湿式氧化工艺中的催化活性及处理效果。结果表明，CuO的活性高于MnO2，Co3O4未表现出催化活性，CeO2、Nd2O3、Sm2O3均表现一定活性；CuO／γAl2O3负载型催化剂用于乳化液废水处理，200℃下反应2h，COD去除率为88．4％，MnO2／γAl2O3表现出负催化作用，复合负载型催化剂的活性低于CuO／γAl2O3。     

焦化废水湿式氧化催化剂性能及工艺条件研究

对比Cu-Mn/Al 2O3、Cu-Zn/Al 2O3、Cu-Ti/Al 2O3、Cu-Ce/Al 2O3等系列催化剂的催化性能,优选出Cu-Ce/Al 2O3催化剂,考察催化湿式氧化处理焦化废水的工艺条件、催化剂活性及稳定性,结果显示,利用Cu-Ce/Al 2O3(摩尔比Cu:Ce=3:1)催化剂处理焦化废水时,该催化剂的加入可使焦化废水COD去除率提高40%,处理效果随温度升高明显增强,在保证氧气供应充足的情况下,适当增加氧气分压,对处理效果增加不太明显。其优化工艺条件为:反应温度180℃,总压4.8MPa,氧气分压1.4MPa,氧化反应时间120mi n,焦化废水COD去除率最高可达94.3%,且金属离子溶出量较少,该催化剂持续工作500h内,其催化活性和稳定性良好。     

堇青石蜂窝陶瓷负载CuO/CeO2-ZrO2/TiO2催化氧化含酚废水的性能研究

选取球状堇青石蜂窝陶瓷作为催化剂基体,制备了堇青石蜂窝陶瓷负载CuO/CeO2-ZrO2/TiO2催化剂,采用XRD、BET等方法对其进行了结构表征,测定了其催化湿式氧化含酚废水的活性及抗压强度、脱落率、Cu2+溶出浓度等性能指标.结果表明,CuO/CeO2-ZrO2/TiO2堇青石蜂窝陶瓷催化剂在反应温度180℃、压力5Mpa、搅拌速率为600r/min时,催化湿式氧化反应200minCOD去除率可达92.7％;球状堇青石蜂窝陶瓷CuO/CeO2-ZrO2/TiO2催化剂具有强度高、易装填、易更换、脱落率低特点,Cu2+溶出浓度低于环保排放标准,适合工业化处理含酚废水.     

负载型铜催化剂的三效催化性能及应用

采用等体积浸渍法制备了以CeO2、Al2O3以及CeO2/Al2O3为载体的负载型CuO催化剂及其老化样品,采用XRD和H2-TPR等技术对老化前后催化剂的结构和氧化还原性能进行了表征。结果显示,对于老化前后的CuO/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂,CuO均能够很好地分散在载体上,即CeO2/Al2O3具有较好的抗烧结能力。考察了不同载体、CeO2和CuO负载质量分数对CuO/CeO2/Al2O3样品三效催化性能的影响,并将制得的CuO/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂与贵金属三效催化剂Pd/CeO2/Al2O3相比较,考察了高温焙烧之后的CuO/CeO2/Al2O3老化样品对CO、C3H6和NO的三效催化性能。结果表明,以10%CeO2/Al2O3为载体,CuO负载质量分数为7%的CuO/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂对汽车尾气脱除催化反应具有较高的催化活性;与Pd/CeO2/Al2O3比较,CuO/CeO2/Al2O3具有更好的低温活性,CO、HC和NOx的起燃温度分别为130℃、250℃和250℃,在350℃三种原料气的转化率均达到90%;老化实验表明,CuO/CeO2/Al2O3具有较好的抗老化性能。     

湿式催化氧化法处理含酚清洗废水的研究

针对化工集装罐清洗废水中含酚废水浓度大的特点,采用湿式催化氧化法进行了较深入的研究。对硝酸铜-AC制备CuO/AC催化剂过程中的浸渍液浓度、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等影响因素进行探讨;用该催化剂催化氧化降解模拟苯酚废水,对反应温度、氧化剂投加量、催化剂投加量、反应时间等工艺参数进行优化,确定最佳反应条件并进行了应用研究。研究结果表明,硝酸铜-AC制备CuO/AC催化剂的最佳条件为:硝酸铜质量分数为3%,浸渍温度为30℃,浸渍时间为6 h,焙烧温度为300℃,焙烧时间为3 h。湿式催化氧化法处理苯酚废水的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度为170℃,反应时间为1 h,催化剂投加质量浓度为2 g/L,氧化剂H2O2按m(H2O2)∶m(COD)=3投加,含酚清洗废水的COD去除率达到95%以上,处理效果显著。     

催化超临界水氧化对氨基苯酚动力学研究

采用CuO/-γAl2O3和MnO2/-γAl2O3为催化剂、H2O2为氧化剂,在一连续流固定床反应器中分别进行了催化超临界水氧化对氨基苯酚实验,得到了COD去除宏观动力学方程。在26 MPa4、00~450℃和H2O2过量的情况下,反应对COD分别为0.92级(CuO)和0.95级(MnO2),对氧气分别为0.12级(CuO)和0.21级(MnO2)。反应的活化能分别为37.70 kJ/mol(CuO)和51.47 kJ/mol(MnO2),前置因子A分别为5.06×102(CuO)和5.80×103(MnO2)。     

湿式空气催化氧化预处理阿普拉霉素废水

研究了阿布拉霉素废水的湿式空气氧化和混凝-酸解预处理技术。分析了COD、阿布拉霉素、NH4＋浓度、BOD5/COD。监测了废水的色度和味。在1L反应器中,于200℃和4 MPa条件下,对阿布拉霉素废水进行了无催化剂、RuO2/Al2O3和RuO2/CeO2/Al2O3的湿式空气氧化。结果表明在湿式空气氧化法中,使用催化剂RuO2/Al2O3和RuO2/CeO2/Al2O3反应150 min后,阿布拉霉素的去除率分别达到50.2%和55.0%,COD去除率达到40.0%和46.0%,BOD5/COD增加到0.49和0.54。使用混凝-酸解法预处理,COD和阿布拉霉素去除率轻微下降,BOD5/COD增加到0.45,污水不适合生物处理。在WAO中,废水的色度和味被有效控制,反应时间明显缩短。在阿布拉霉素废水的湿式空气氧化中,HO2.可以促进有机化合物氧化。CeO2的加入能够促进阿布拉霉素废水的湿式空气氧化中催化剂RuO2/Al2O3的活性和稳定性。     

磁性铁基氧化物纳米粉体的制备及其在含酚废水中的应用

分别采用水热法和共沉淀法制备了不同形貌的Fe3O4纳米粉体,以下简称催化剂1和催化剂2,并采用XRD、TEM等手段对其进行了结构和性能的表征。以合成的Fe3O4纳米粉体作为催化剂,采用湿式过氧化氢氧化法（CWPO）处理模拟含酚废水,探讨了不同的反应条件对水处理效果的影响。结果表明：在50℃,含酚废水浓度为1000 mg/L,20%H2O2用量35 mL/L,为1.5 g/L的条件下,用催化剂1湿式催化氧化苯酚,反应180 min,COD和挥发酚的去除率分别为72.99%和88.19%;在60℃,含酚废水浓度为1000 mg/L,20%H2O2用量45 mL/L,催化剂添加量为2.0 g/L的条件下,用催化剂2湿式催化氧化苯酚,反应180 min,COD和挥发酚的去除率分别为77.68%和94.71%。     

催化湿式氧化法在苯酚废水预处理中的应用研究

与湿式空气氧化相比，催化湿式氧化可以在温和条件下达到较好的废水处理效果。考察了CuO/η－Al2O3和活性炭两种催化剂处理苯酚废水的催化效果，结果表明在温和条件下可以达到较高COD去除率：在140℃下，催化湿式氧化1h，CODcr去除率分别达到93．2％和88．4％。在160℃下，催化湿式氧化1h，CODcr去除率分别达到93．4％和90．1％。在140℃下，苯酚废水经过湿式空气氧化1h后，BOD5／CODcr仅仅达到0．08，不适合后续生物法处理；使用活性炭催化剂，BOD5／CODcr达到了0．18，而使用CuO／η－Al2O3催化剂，BOD5／CODcr达到了0．30，因此，用CuO／η－Al2O3催化剂处理苯酚废水可以在较低温度下达到预处理效果。     

负载Cu-Co纳米氧化物高效催化氧化水合肼研究

催化湿式过氧化氢技术(CWPO)以廉价易得的H2O2作为氧化剂,不仅可以使反应在常温常压下进行,而且H2O2分解产生的羟基自由基OH·具有很强的氧化能力,能氧化绝大多数有机物,且氧化速度较快,是处理难降解物质的重要方法之一。催化剂是催化湿式过氧化氢技术的关键,研究和开发新型高效稳定的催化剂,对于催化湿式过氧化氢技术在废水处理领域的推广应用更是至关重要。本文以肼废水为处理对象,探讨了负载型催化剂在CWPO工艺中对肼废水的催化降解活性。采用浸渍法分别制备Cu O-γ/Al2O3催化剂和钴改性Cu O-Co3O4-γ/Al2O3催化剂在CWPO工艺中对高COD的肼废水的催化降解活性进行对比。相较于Cu O-γ/Al2O3,含Co的催化剂在催化降解水合肼废水上具有更高的催化活性和稳定性。在反应温度60℃,起始p H=8.0,3 m L/L的H2O2的条件下,5%Cu O-0.5%Co3O4-γ/Al2O3催化剂催化降解40 min后COD的去除率达到91.5%。该纳米催化剂能够广泛运用于环境污染物处理上。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。