HWE生长条件对CdTe/Si薄膜结构特性的影响

研究了热壁外延(HWE)生长条件对Si(100)衬底上沉积外延的多晶CdTe薄膜的晶粒尺寸和取向的影响.用SEM和XRD技术分析了不同外延时间、不同衬底温度及不同源温下外延膜的表面形貌和结构特征.SEM发现随着外延时间的增加或衬底温度的提高,晶粒尺寸明显增大;XRD显示所有的外延薄膜均为面心立方结构,并高度显示优势取向(111),且随着衬底温度或薄膜厚度的增加,(111)峰的衍射强度增加,显示薄膜的择优取向更好.其原因是面心立方结构中,(111)表面具有的表面自由能最低.通过对不同外延时间下薄膜厚度的测试发现,薄膜具有加速生长趋势.衬底温度及源温对外延层厚度均有较大的影响.     

HWE 生长大面积CdTe/ CdZnTe/ Si 薄膜的结构和形貌分析

用热壁外延法(HWE) 生长直径30mm 的CdTe/ CdZnTe/ Si 薄膜,经XRD 测试说明它是 晶面为(111) 取向的立方闪锌矿结构。SEM对Si 衬底、CdZnTe 缓冲层和CdTe 薄膜三层分别测试,结果发现: Si 衬底表面结构粗糙,CdZnTe 缓冲层较Si 衬底表面结构细致,CdTe 薄膜较CdZnTe 缓冲层表面结构光滑细密,即缺陷较CdZnTe 缓冲层少很多。通过对该片子照像看出其表面如镜面。由此说明大面积CdTe/ CdZnTe/ Si 薄膜可用HWE 技术制备。     

HWE 生长大面积CdTe/ CdZnTe/ Si 薄膜的结构和形貌分析

用热壁外延法(HWE)生长直径30mm的CdTe／CdZnTe／Si薄膜，经XRD测试说明它是晶面为(111)取向的立方闪锌矿结构。SEM对Si衬底、CdZnTe缓冲层和CdTe薄膜三层分别测试，结果发现：Si衬底表面结构粗糙，CdZnTe缓冲层较Si衬底表面结构细致，CdTe薄膜较CdZnTe缓冲层表面结构光滑细密，即缺陷较CdZnTe缓冲层少很多。通过对该片子照像看出其表面如镜面。由此说明大面积CdTe／CdZnTe／Si薄膜可用HWE技术制备。     

无掩模Si圆柱纳米图形衬底上GaAs的异变外延生长

采用金属有机化学气相沉积方法在无掩模的直径为400nm的圆柱Si(100)图形衬底上外延生长了GaAs薄膜。图形衬底采用纳米压印技术及反应离子刻蚀技术制作而成。运用两步法生长工艺在此图形衬底上制备了厚度为1.8μm的GaAs外延层。GaAs的晶体质量通过腐蚀坑密度和透射电镜表征。图形衬底上的GaAs外延层表面腐蚀坑密度约1×107 cm-2,比平面衬底上降低了两个数量级。透射电镜观测显示大部分产生于GaAs/Si异质界面的穿透位错被阻挡在圆柱顶部附近。     

离化团束方法在GaAs衬底上外延CdTe单晶薄膜

利用离化团束外延(ICBE)技术在GaAs(100)衬底上生长了(100)和(111)两种晶向的CdTe外延层.X光衍射和 RHEED分析结果表明外延层为单晶薄膜,双晶衍射摆动曲线半高宽达630弧秒.本文研究了离化团能量和生长温度对外延层晶向和质量的关系。结果表明,当预热处理温度为480℃,外延取向关系为CdTe(100)//GaAs(100);当预热处理为580℃,外延取向关系为 CdTe(100)+(111)//GaAs(100).离化团束的能量对外延膜的结晶性能起着重要作用.     

SiNx插入层对Si衬底上生长GaN薄膜晶体质量和表面形貌的影响

在Si(111)衬底上采用金属有机化合物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)技术外延生长GaN薄膜,对外延生长所得GaN薄膜的晶体结构和表面形貌进行表征,并研究SiNx插入层对GaN薄膜的晶体质量和表面形貌的影响.结果表明,在Si衬底上生长GaN薄膜过程中引入SiNx插入层可使GaN薄膜的(10-12)面的X-射线回摆曲线的半峰宽(FWHM)值从974.01减小到602.01arcsec;表面凹坑等缺陷减少、表面平整度提高.可见,SiNx插入层对在Si衬底上外延生长GaN薄膜的晶体质量和表面形貌有着重要的影响.     

Si/CdTe复合衬底HgCdTe液相外延材料的生长与性能分析

通过改进推舟液相外延技术,成功地在(211)晶向Si/CdTe复合衬底上进行了HgCdTe液相外延生长,获得了表面光亮的HgCdTe外延薄膜.测试结果表明,(211)Si/CdTe复合衬底液相外延HgCdTe材料组分及厚度的均匀性与常规(111)CdZnTe衬底HgCdTe外延材料相当;位错腐蚀坑平均密度为(5～8)×105 cm-2,比相同衬底上分子束外延材料的平均位错密度要低一个数量级;晶体的双晶半峰宽达到70″左右.研究结果表明,在发展需要低位错密度的大面积长波HgCdTe外延材料制备技术方面,Si/CdTe复合衬底HgCdTe液相外延技术可发挥重要的作用.     

Si/CdTe复合衬底HgCdTe液相外延材料的生长与性能分析

通过改进推舟液相外延技术,成功地在(211)晶向Si/CdTe复合衬底上进行了HgCdTe液相外延生长,获得了表面光亮的HgCdTe外延薄膜.测试结果表明,(211)Si/CdTe复合衬底液相外延HgCdTe材料组分及厚度的均匀性与常规(111)CdZnTe衬底HgCdTe外延材料相当;位错腐蚀坑平均密度为(5～8)×105 cm-2,比相同衬底上分子束外延材料的平均位错密度要低一个数量级;晶体的双晶半峰宽达到70″左右.研究结果表明,在发展需要低位错密度的大面积长波HgCdTe外延材料制备技术方面,Si/CdTe复合衬底HgCdTe液相外延技术可发挥重要的作用.     

立方相AlxGa1-xN/GaAs(100)的MOCVD外延生长

利用MOCVD生长技术在GaAs(100)衬底上生长了高质量的立方相AlGaN薄膜.通过光致发光 (PL)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析了不同NH3流量、不同生长温度对AlGaN外延层的结晶质量和表面形貌的影响.发现相对高的NH3流量和相对高的生长温度可以提高AlGaN外延层的结晶质量.     

立方相AlxGa1-xN/GaAs(100)的MOCVD外延生长

利用MOCVD生长技术在GaAs(100)衬底上生长了高质量的立方相AlGaN薄膜.通过光致发光 (PL)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析了不同NH3流量、不同生长温度对AlGaN外延层的结晶质量和表面形貌的影响.发现相对高的NH3流量和相对高的生长温度可以提高AlGaN外延层的结晶质量.     

Fabrication of GaAs/Si Heterostructures and Their Photoelectric Properties

Fabrication of GaAs/Si heterostructures and their photoelectric properties are investigated by Raman, photoluminescence and Hall-effect measurements. The crystallinity of GaAs epilayers grown on Si substrate is significantly affected by the substrate orientation and the growth method. The photoelectric properties of GaAs epilayers grown on Si （211） substrates deposited by using a two-step growth method are improved. These results indicate that GaAs epilayersgrownonSi （100） andSi （211） substrates by using two step growth method are promising for potential applications in high-speed and high-frequency photoelectric devices.     

Recent Progress in MBE Growth of CdTe and HgCdTe on (211)B GaAs Substrates

Alternate substrates for molecular beam epitaxy growth of HgCdTe including Si, Ge, and GaAs have been under development for more than a decade. MBE growth of HgCdTe on GaAs substrates was pioneered by Teledyne Imaging Sensors (TIS) in the 1980s. However, recent improvements in the layer crystal quality including improvements in both the CdTe buffer layer and the HgCdTe layer growth have resulted in GaAs emerging as a strong candidate for replacement of bulk CdZnTe substrates for certain infrared imaging applications. In this paper the current state of the art in CdTe and HgCdTe MBE growth on (211)B GaAs and (211) Si at TIS is reviewed. Recent improvements in the CdTe buffer layer quality (double crystal rocking curve full-width at half-maximum?≈?30?arcsec) with HgCdTe dislocation densities of ≤10⁶?cm^?2 are discussed and comparisons are made with historical HgCdTe on bulk CdZnTe and alternate substrate data at TIS. Material properties including the HgCdTe majority carrier mobility and dislocation density are presented as a function of the CdTe buffer layer quality.     

Si衬底上热壁外延制备GaAs单晶薄膜材料

报道了采用热壁外延（ＨＷＥ）技术,在Ｓｉ表面生长ＧａＡｓ薄膜。先通过活化剂活化Ｓｉ表面,再采取两步生长法外延ＧａＡｓ单晶薄膜,最后进行断续多层循环退火（ＩＭＣＡ）。经电子探针（ＥＰＭＡ）、Ｒａｍａｎ光谱、Ｈａｌｌ测量和荧光（ＰＬ）光谱测试分析,证实在Ｓｉ表面获得了的４μｍ厚的ＧａＡｓ单晶薄膜。     

⟨110⟩-oriented GaAs MESFETs

GaAs metal semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) have been successfully fabricated on molecular-beam epitaxial (MBE) films grown on the off-axis (110) GaAs substrate. The (110) substrates were tilted 6° toward the (111) Ga face in order to produce device quality two-dimensional MBE growth. Following the growth of a 0.4-μm undoped GaAs buffer, a 0.18-μm GaAs channel with a doping density of 3.4×10¹⁷ cm^-3 and a 0.12-μm contact layer with a doping density of 2×10¹⁸ cm^-3, both doped with Si, were grown. MESFET devices fabricated on this material show very low-gate leakage current, low output conductance, and an extrinsic transconductance of 200 mS/mm. A unity-current-gain cutoff frequency of 23 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation of 56 GHz have been achieved. These (110) GaAs MESFETs have demonstrated their potential for high-speed digital circuits as well as microwave power FET applications     

Direct growth of high-quality thick CdTe epilayers on Si (211) substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy for nuclear radiation detection and imaging

Direct growth of high-quality, thick CdTe (211) epilayers, with thickness up to 100 μm, on Si (211) substrates in a vertical metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy system is reported. In order to obtain homo-orientation growth on Si substrates, pretreatment of the substrates was carried out in a separate chamber by annealing them together with pieces of GaAs at 800–900°C in a hydrogen environment. Grown epilayers had very good substrate adhesion. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) value of the x-ray double-crystal rocking curve from the CdTe (422) reflection decreased rapidly with increasing layer thickness and remained between 140–200 arcsec for layers >18 μm. Photoluminescence measurement at 4.2 K showed high-intensity, bound excitonic emission and very small defect-related deep emissions, indicating the high crystalline quality of the grown layers. Furthermore, a CdTe/n⁺-Si heterojunction diode was fabricated that exhibited clear rectifying behavior.     

MBE growth of AlGaAs/GaAs double- heterostructure light emitting diodes on GaAs(111)A and (211)A substrates using all-silicon doping

Al_0.3Ga_0.7As/GaAs double-heterostructure (DH) light emitting diodes have been grown on GaAs (111)A and (211)A substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using only Si dopant. Scanning electron microscope observations and current-voltage characteristics for these samples show that the DH structures have been successfully formed. The peak wavelength of the emission spectra for both the (111)A and (211)A samples is 875 nm at 300 K, and this peak is attributed to the emission in the i-GaAs layer. The peak intensity of the (211)A sample is stronger than that of the (111)A sample owing to an improved AlGaAs/GaAs interface structure.     

Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition of CdTe(133) Epilayers on Si(211) Substrates

Single-crystalline CdTe(133) films have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on Si(211) substrates. We studied the effect of various growth parameters on the surface morphology and structural quality of CdTe films. Proper oxide removal from the Si substrate is considered to be the principal factor that influences both the morphology and epitaxial quality of the CdTe films. In order to obtain single-crystalline CdTe(133) films, a two-stage growth method was used, i.e., a low-temperature buffer layer step and a high- temperature growth step. Even when the low-temperature buffer layer shows polycrystalline structure, the overgrown layer shows single-crystalline structure. During the subsequent high-temperature growth, two-dimensional crystallites grow faster than other, randomly distributed crystallites in the buffer layer. This is because the capturing of adatoms by steps occurs more easily due to increased adatom mobility. From the viewpoint of crystallographic orientation, it is assumed that the surface structure of Si(211) consists of (111) terrace and (100) step planes with an interplanar angle of 54.8°. This surface structure may provide many preferable nucleation sites for adatoms compared with nominally flat Si(100) or (111) surfaces. The surface morphology of the resulting films shows macroscopic rectangular-shaped terrace—step structures that are considered to be a (111) terrace with two {112} step planes directed toward 〈110〉.     

CdTe/GaAs(111)B薄膜的MBE生长研究

采用分子束外延方法,在GaAs(111)B衬底上,生长CdTe薄膜,以求研制出用于液相外延生长碲镉汞(HgCdTe)薄膜的CdTe/GaAs(111)B复合衬底.通过理论分析和实验探索,优化了生长温度和Te/Cd束流比等重要生长参数,获得了质量较好的CdTe薄膜,再通过循环热处理,使CdTe/GaAs(111)B复合衬底的质量得到进一步的提高,X-射线回摆曲线半峰宽(FWHM)有明显的降低.为LPE-HgCdTe薄膜的生长打下了较好基础.     

Perspective:optically-pumped Ⅲ–Ⅴ quantum dot microcavity lasers via CMOS compatible patterned Si (001) substrates

Direct epitaxial growthⅢ–Ⅴquantum dot(QD)structures on CMOS-compatible silicon substrates is considered as one of the most promising approaches to achieve low-cost and high-yield Si-based lasers for silicon photonic integration.However,epitaxial growth ofⅢ–Ⅴmaterials on Si encounters the following three major challenges:high density of threading dislocations,antiphase boundaries and thermal cracks,which significantly degrade the crystal quality and potential device performance.In this review,we will focus on some recent results related to InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers on Si(001)substrates byⅢ–Ⅴ/Ⅳhybrid epitaxial growth via(111)-faceted Si hollow structures.Moreover,by using the step-graded epitaxial growth process the emission wavelength of InAs QDs can be extended from O-band to C/L-band.High-performance InAs/GaAs QD microdisk lasers with sub-milliwatts threshold on Si(001)substrates are fabricated and characterized.The above results pave a promising path towards the on-chip lasers for optical interconnect applications.