旋流压力式喷嘴低压喷淋液滴粒径的实验研究

以自来水为喷淋介质,对旋流压力式喷嘴低压喷淋液滴粒径进行了测试,分析了压力、喷孔直径和喷嘴流量对液滴索特平均直径(d_(SMD))的影响规律,研究了旋流压力式喷嘴液滴尺寸的分布规律。采用跨径(K)和均匀度指数(N)来揭示喷嘴低压喷淋质量。实验结果表明,d_(SMD)较大,超过250μm；d_(SMD)随喷孔直径增大而增大,随压力和喷嘴流量增大而减小；喷淋液滴尺寸分布均匀性较好,K小于0．65,N大于4。实验结果可以为旋流压力式喷嘴设计和改进提供重要的实验依据。     

喷嘴雾化特性及脱硫废水蒸发数值模拟

利用相位多普勒粒度分析仪（PDA）实验台测量了双流体喷嘴出口速度与粒径分布,利用得到的速度与粒径数据对江苏某生物质电厂进行小水量脱硫废水蒸发的数值模拟,着重研究了液滴粒径以及烟气中水蒸气的体积分数对液滴蒸发过程的影响。PDA实验结果表明,该双流体喷嘴在特定气液比条件下出口粒径均小于100μm。应用离散相模型与随机轨道模型,利用Rosin-Rammler分布模拟喷雾液滴分布范围（0～100μm）。模拟结果表明,粒径低于100μm的液滴能够完全蒸发,液滴粒径越小,完全蒸发时间越短,液滴经历的平稳吸热时间越短。随着粒径的增加,液滴完全蒸发时间增幅变大。随着烟气中水蒸气体积分数增加,液滴蒸发速率变缓,液滴开始蒸发的时间延长,且体积分数越大,出口未蒸发完全的液滴直径越大,但出口液滴粒径增大的幅度在减小。     

基于压力传感器的水刀切割优化控制系统

水刀切割工件质量与水刀的速度、喷流压力、砂粒直径、流量摩擦流速及喷嘴的几何参数等有关,但是只有速度可以随意控制,笔者设计一种基于压力传感器的水刀切割优化系统,解决了水射流技术存在的缺点。     

A new liquefaction method for natural gas by utilizing cold energy and separating power of swirl nozzle

A swirl nozzle with a central body was newly designed to make full use of the cold energy and separating power, and the coupling of swirling flow and condensation was realized based on a condensation model, a droplet surface tension model and a Reynolds stress model turbulence model. The flow and condensation characteristics of methane gas under supersonic swirling flow conditions were studied. The results show that the flow and condensation parameter distribution in the swirl nozzle are similar under varying swirling intensities, but the swirling performance improves with the increase in swirling intensity, and a tangential velocity is beneficial before the gas enters the nozzle. As the inlet temperature decreases or the inlet pressure increases, the liquefaction efficiency increases, and the gas condensation process can be promoted. With the advancement of the initial nucleation position and the increase in the droplet radius, the separation efficiency of the swirl nozzle increases.     

大型射流流化床的流型转变与射流深度

在高 8m、直径 0 .5m的大型射流流化床中 ,通过摄像分析法 ,研究了射流、喷流两种流型的转变 .结果表明在低静床高、大射流气速下易出现喷流 ;喷流出现时 ,功率谱主频射流气速曲线上出现一转折点 .转折点射流气速与摄像法得出的流型转变射流气速相同 .提出了射流、喷流流型转变关系式 .同时发现射流深度随射流气速变大而增大 ,结合二维射流床射流深度的研究结果 ,得出了射流深度的预测式     

喷动床脱硫压力旋流喷嘴的雾化性能

雾化喷嘴是半干式喷动床的关键部件之一,其雾化性能直接影响脱硫效率。为了得到喷嘴雾化的详细信息,用激光粒度测试仪对空心锥压力旋流式喷嘴和实心锥压力旋流式喷嘴雾化性能进行了实验研究,得出不同类型、不同孔径的喷嘴的流量,索太尔直径DSM,雾滴粒径分布DSP等与压力的关系。实验表明:流量与压力平方根成正比关系;DSM与压力为e函数的单调减函数关系;实心锥喷嘴出口直径越大,雾滴粒径平均分布(■)越小,粒径分布范围越窄,雾化性能越好,空心锥喷嘴则变化不明显;压力增大,实心锥喷嘴的DSP变大,雾滴粒径在压力低时分布比较均匀。     

Hydrodynamics of spray column for enzymatic reactions of oil

The hydrodynamic characteristics of a spray column for oil–water system have been investigated in the present work in a column of 5 cm inner diameter and 250 cm height, operated in a semi batch manner. The effect of dispersed phase flow rate and nozzle diameter on different hydrodynamic parameters such as drop diameter, dispersed phase hold up, terminal rise velocity and jetting velocity has been studied. It has been observed that the drop diameter, dispersed phase hold up, terminal rise velocity and jetting velocity increase with an increase in nozzle diameter. Also, dispersed phase hold up increases with dispersed phase velocity whereas terminal rise velocity and drop diameter show a marginal dependency. Correlations have been developed, using nonlinear regression, for the prediction of drop diameter, dispersed phase hold up, terminal rise velocity and jetting velocity.     

陶瓷过滤器脉冲反吹系统引射性能的实验测定(Ⅰ)──喷吹气体流量的测定和分析

采用热线风速仪测量陶瓷过滤器脉冲反吹喷嘴出口的流场得到了喷吹气体流量，分析了喷吹压力和脉冲宽度对喷吹气体流量的影响。实验结果表明，喷吹气体流量随喷吹压力的增加而显著增加，而脉冲宽度的增加对喷吹气体流量的影响较小，只是增加了气体喷吹持续时间。同时证明由热线风速仪测得的一次脉冲反吹的压缩气体耗量与将储气罐排气过程简化为绝热排气过程所计算出的结果非常吻合，推荐采用绝热排气过程估算压缩气体耗量。     

A model for the injection boundary conditions in the context of 3D simulation of Diesel Spray: Methodology and validation

Downstream Inflow Turbulent Boundary Conditions (DITurBC) are presented for the Eulerian-Eulerian Large Eddy Simulation (LES) or Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation of Diesel Sprays. These boundary conditions initiate the spray physics close to the nozzle exit, which avoids the difficulties linked to the 3D simulation of cavitation, primary break-up and turbulence in the near-nozzle region. An injector model is combined with mass and axial momentum conservation equations to obtain mean profiles of velocity, volume fraction and droplet diameter at a given distance downstream from the nozzle exit. In order to take into account the unsteadiness of the flow, velocity fluctuations are added to the mean profile. These boundary conditions are assessed by comparison with existing data on injection velocity, spray angle and velocity profiles from numerous experiments.     

螺旋喷嘴液滴分布特性的实验研究

以水为喷淋介质,研究了螺旋喷嘴的喷淋量与喷淋压力的关系,考察了雾化液滴的粒径分布特性。实验结果表明,随着喷淋压力的增大,喷淋量相应增大,并逐渐趋于平缓;螺旋喷嘴喷雾区喷淋量沿径向形成多个峰,随工作压力增大各峰沿径向外移,处在峰面上液滴的索特直径较峰面间的大;液滴平均粒径随压力升高而趋于均匀,且大喷嘴雾化形成的粒径比小喷嘴的略大。研究结果可为螺旋喷嘴的实际应用提供参考。     

Research on rotary nozzle structure and flow field of the spinneret for centrifugal spinning

High-speed centrifugal spinning is a novel method of fabricating nanofibers by use of centrifugal force field. The neoteric designs and proper structural parameters of spinning nozzle will change the outlet velocity and velocity distribution uniformity of spinning solution, which could affect the quality of nanofibers. Four different spinning nozzles that can be used for high-speed centrifugal spinning are proposed. The flow of spinning solution in the different rotary nozzles is simulated based on the theoretical analysis. It can be found that the curved-tube nozzle is better for high-speed centrifugal spinning comparing with the velocity distribution of spinning solution in the four different spinning nozzles. The influence degree of the structure parameters of the curved-tube nozzle on the solution outlet-velocity is explored by orthogonal test method. The result shows that the curved-tube nozzle with an inlet diameter of 10 mm, conical transition pipe length of 3 mm, nozzle outlet diameter of 0.8 mm, curvature radius of 4 mm, and central angle of curved tube of 30°, can effectively enhance the outlet velocity of spinning solution. Finally, it is proved by centrifugal spinning experiment that the curved-tube nozzle after optimization can improve the morphology and quality of nanofibers.     

结构参数对液液喷射反应器性能的影响

以酸碱快速中和反应为例,利用CFX5软件,分析了喷射反应器结构尺寸(扩散段角度、喷嘴/混合段直径比及喷嘴位置)对流动混合特性、阻力分布及反应行为的影响规律。结果表明:喷嘴/混合段直径比存在一个最优值0.35,大于该值,则喷射反应器内相同截面上转化率变低,而小于该值转化率不会进一步提高,但压力降却进一步增加;喷嘴出口离混合段距离越远,反应越早完成,喷嘴出口位置与吸入管中心在同一平面时反应效果最好,在此处的压力降也最大;扩散角度越小,喷射反应器内流体混合越好,相同截面上转化率越高,但同时喷射器的压力降也越大。     

大型双射流流化床的流体动力学特性

在Ф0 .5m× 8m大型双射流流化床中 ,通过摄像、放像逐帧分析法和sthVCD软件分析录像转换的VCD ,得到了不同管间距下双射流典型的运动图像 .同时研究了两射流独立存在区、过渡区和射流合并区 3种流型的相互转变 ,得出了流型转变的关系式 .不同射流管间距下相同射流气速的射流深度相比 ,管间距减小则射流深度减小 ;在较小的管间距和相对高的射流气速下 ,两射流在射流深度之内始终合并 ,表现为射流合并高度 .得出了射流深度、射流合并高度的定量关系式 .分数维关联维数表明大型双射流流化床是一个确定性混沌系统 ,考查了管间距、静床高度对关联维数的影响     

Robust generation of monodisperse droplets using a microfluidic step emulsification device with triangular nozzle

In this work, the droplet generation process in the microfluidic step emulsification chip with a triangular nozzle (SE-T) was investigated in the combination of visualization experiment and numerical simulation, through a comparison with a rectangular nozzle (SE-R). The flow regimes, including dripping, dripping-jetting transition, and jetting, were observed in the SE-T, among which the dripping is the preferred flow regime to generate monodispersed droplet with corresponding C.V. (coefficient of variation) of the droplet size smaller than 1.9%. Compared with the SE-R, the larger space and expanding structure of the triangular nozzle in the SE-T enhance the wall wetting effects, which induces earlier appearance and accelerates shrinking of the neck. As a result, the SE-T exhibits more robust droplet performance under the dripping regime, which produces the droplets with nearly unchanged size and higher monodispersity, especially little related to the variations of surfactant concentrations and dispersed phase flow rates.     

Experimental research of drop‐on‐demand droplet jetting 3D printing with molten polymer

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology has become an effective method for parts manufacturing and got a certain application in many fields. Now, drop‐on‐demand droplet jetting 3D printing appears as a new method of manufacturing technology which has a proven research progress for metal, colloid, and liquid resin materials. However, there are hardly any researches of droplet jetting 3D printing with molten polymer. So, considering molten polymer as the jetting material with droplet jetting method is an explorative direction. In order to attain the molten polymer droplets and achieve droplet jetting 3D printing with molten polymer, the 3D printing technology of differential melt (3DPDM) is developed independently. According to 3DPDM, a complete set of drop‐on‐demand droplet jetting 3D printer have been developed. In this work, PP (6820) was chosen as the experimental material. Under the different print parameters such as the rotation speed of screw, nozzle diameter, mechanical impact frequency, heating temperature, the space between nozzle and platform, the form, and deposition of droplets were studied. Furthermore, the optimal print parameters were summarized. By printing models with the optimal print parameters, it turned out that the 3DPDM is able to achieve drop‐on‐demand droplet jetting 3D printing with molten polymer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45933.     

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY ON GAS FLOW IN THE GRID ZONE OF JETTING-FLUIDIZED BEDS

A grid model describing the gas flow and interchange in the grid zone of jetting fluidized beds is proposed. Based on this model, longitudinal gas concentration profiles in the jet and annulus are calculated. The longitudinal gas concentration distribution is also experimentally investigated in a jetting fluidized bed with an inside diameter of 50 mm at the ambient temperature, and a jetting fluidized bed with an inside diameter of 80 mm at high temperatures. Comparison between the calculated and experimental results has shown that the experimental profiles can be qualitatively predicted by the grid model. The results indicated that the concentration in the grid zone depends on the gas exchange between the jet and the annulus, and the net gas flow from the jet to the annulus. The gas exchange rate is mainly affected by the inlet gas velocity from the nozzle. The present study is thought to be helpful to understand the grid gas behavior in the jetting fluidized bed coal gasifier.     

射流撞击过程中的高频压力脉动特性

引　言利用两束射流相互撞击或单射流撞击靶在微细颗粒制备、多相流快速微观混合及团聚颗粒单分散过程中具有特殊优点。用作预混合器或反应器 ,能够强化微细颗粒的成核与生长环境在微观尺度上的均匀性 ,尤其对于快速反应体系 ,可实现液液或液固多相流快速微观混合 ,有效控制反应过程和产物指标 .Ｍａｈａｊａｎ等[1] 利用两束撞击流实现流体的快速微观混合以合成超细微粉 ,并用萘酚与重氮苯磺酸两步反应表征两束撞击流体数十毫秒的微观混合时间 ,关联微观混合时间与射流速度的关系 ,通过控制射流的微观混合时间控制合成超细微粉的粒度分布 .…     

Design and experiment of a needle-type piezostack-driven jetting dispenser based on lumped parameter method

Micro liquid dispensing technology is widely used in the field of electronic packaging. This study presents a lumped parameter model of a needle-type piezostack-driven jetting dispenser, which can produce small high viscosity adhesive droplets with a high driving frequency. After describing the structural components and operating principles of the dispenser, a lumped parameter model for the system is derived by integrating the sub-models of the structural and fluid parts. According to the lumped parameter method, the fluid channels of the dispenser have been divided into several lumps to obtain a more accurate performance. Based on the proposed model, the jetting dispenser is designed and manufactured, and its performance is then evaluated through both computer simulations and experiments. Further experimental studies about its working properties based on the proposed dispenser are carried out. The results are used to guide the design and control works about the proposed dispenser.     

重油燃烧器Y型喷嘴气液两相流动与雾化特性模拟

为改善重油雾化质量,针对沥青站重油燃烧器Y型喷嘴,运用CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)方法研究了喷嘴结构参数(混合室长度、入口直径比、入口夹角)与雾化参数(重油流量、空气入口压力、重油温度)对喷嘴气液两相流动与雾化特性的影响。结果表明,结构参数与雾化参数直接影响喷嘴内油膜厚度与气液两相速度差;不同参数下,喷嘴气耗率与液滴索泰尔平均直径的变化规律相反;综合考虑两个雾化性能指标,混合室的适宜长度为15~20 mm,入口夹角的合理范围为60°~75°,入口最佳直径比为1.0~1.1;为保证重油获得较好的雾化效果,空气入口压力应大于0.5 MPa,这为优化Y型雾化喷嘴的结构与运行参数提供了参考。     

空气雾化喷嘴的液滴雾化性能实验研究

采用LSA-Ⅲ型激光粒度仪对一种常用的小流量空气雾化喷嘴的液滴雾化性能进行实验研究。实验主要测定了不同气液比、气相压力和液相压力情况下沿喷雾轴向不同位置处的液滴粒径分布。测定结果表明气液比和气相压力对雾化液滴粒径影响均较大,其中气相压力影响最大,气液比其次,液相压力影响最小。在本实验测定条件下,经过喷嘴雾化后在轴向100、200、300、400和500 mm位置处液滴的表面积平均直径（SMD）和体积平均直径（D43）出现波动性变化。通过对实验测得液滴粒径分布数据的分析,可以得到Rosin-Rammler分布函数中的特征参数和n,为定量计算液滴粒径提供理论基础。