MLFC在质子单粒子效应实验束流诊断中的应用

对宇航微电子器件进行抗质子辐射性能评估时,常利用加速器产生的质子束流来测量其质子单粒子效应截面曲线（σ-E曲线）。基于北京HI-13串列加速器重离子辐照装置,研制了适用于质子能量测量的多叶法拉第筒（MLFC）,为今后开展质子单粒子效应辐照实验奠定基础。测试结果表明,研制的MLFC既可测量质子能量和束流强度,也能测量质子束流的能量纯度,这对判定束流是否符合实验要求及调束非常实用。     

静态随机存取存储器重离子单粒子翻转效应实验研究

应用重离子加速器和 2 52 Cf源进行单粒子翻转效应实验 ,测量得到 IDT系列和 HM系列静态随机存取存储器的单粒子翻转重离子 L ET阈值为 4～ 8Me V· cm2 /mg,单粒子翻转饱和截面为 10 -7cm2 · bit-1量级 ,位单粒子翻转截面随集成度的提高而减小。实验结果表明 ,可以用 2 52 Cf源替代重离子加速器测量静态随机存取存储器的单粒子翻转饱和截面     

252Cf源模拟空间单粒子效应辐照在线测量系统和应用

描述了新建的^252Cf源模拟空间单粒子效应辐照在线测量系统，给出利用该系统进行的MOS功率器件和SRAM器件单粒子效应实验及结果。     

欧空局单粒子监督器在北京HI-13串列加速器上的单粒子效应校核实验

为检验北京HI-13串列加速器单粒子效应(SEE)实验能力与数据测量的可靠性,利用束流参数校核系统——欧空局单粒子监督器进行了单粒子效应校核实验。实验使用C、F、Cl、Cu 4种离子辐照单粒子监督器,通过改变入射角度获得了有效LET值在1.8~67.4 MeV·cm~2·mg~(-1)之间的单粒子翻转(SEU)截面数据。实验结果与比利时HIF、芬兰RADEF装置上测得的截面数据一致性较好,证实了北京HI-13串列加速器单粒子效应实验束流参数测量的准确性及截面数据测试的可靠性。     

空间单粒子效应加速器模拟试验技术及应用

空间环境中存在大量的高能粒子，单个高能粒子穿过航天器壳体轰击到电子器件，引发器件逻辑状态翻转、功能异常等单粒子效应，进而影响航天器的可靠运行和任务达成。基于地面加速器辐照试验模拟空间单粒子效应是评估电子器件在空间应用时发生单粒子错误风险的重要手段，只有其抗单粒子效应的指标符合宇航应用要求的器件才能在航天器中使用。航天器面临的空间辐射粒子主要是重离子和质子，它们诱发的单粒子效应也最为显著。开展宇航器件单粒子效应地面模拟试验主要依托重离子加速器和质子加速器，为满足单粒子试验需求，需要研发大面积束流扩束及均匀化、高精度束流快速诊断等技术，以及满足大批量试验任务需求的高效试验终端，重点介绍中国原子能科学研究院的基于加速器的重离子单粒子效应模拟试验技术、质子单粒子效应模拟试验技术和用于器件辐射损伤敏感区识别的重离子微束技术，以及上述技术在宇航器件单粒子效应风险评估中的应用。     

静态随机存取存储器质子单粒子效应实验研究

描述了测量静态随机存取存储器质子单粒子翻转截面的实验方法。采用金箔散射法可以降低加速器质子束流五六个量级，从而满足半导体器件质子单粒子效应的要求。研制的弱流质子束流测量系统和建立的注量均匀性测量方法解决了质子注量的准确测量问题。提高了存储器单粒子效应长线测量系统的性能，保证了翻转数的准确测量。实验测得静态随机存取存储器质子单粒子翻转截面为１０＾－１４ｃｍ＾２／ｂｉｔ量级，随质子能量的增大略有增大。     

高能电子单粒子效应模拟实验研究

本文基于2 MeV自屏蔽电子加速器和10 MeV电子直线加速器，开展了电子单粒子效应实验研究，并分析了其机理。在保持入射电子能量不变的情况下，在±20%范围内改变器件的工作电压进行了单粒子翻转实验。实验结果表明：45 nm SRAM（额定工作电压1.5 V）芯片在电子直线加速器产生的高能电子照射下能产生明显的单粒子翻转，单粒子翻转截面随入射电子能量的变化趋势与文献数据相符合；电子引起的单粒子翻转截面随器件工作电压的变化趋势与理论预期一致，即工作电压越小，单粒子翻转临界电荷越小，翻转截面也越高。     

65 nm工艺SRAM低能质子单粒子翻转实验研究

基于北京HI-13串列加速器质子源及技术改进工作,获得2～15 MeV低能质子束流。针对商业级65 nm工艺4M×18 bit大容量随机静态存储器（SRAM）,开展了质子单粒子翻转实验研究。实验结果表明,低能质子通过直接电离机制可在存储器中引起显著的单粒子翻转,其翻转截面较核反应机制引起的翻转截面大2～3个数量级。结合实验数据分析了质子翻转机制、LET值及射程、临界电荷及空间软错误率等,分析结果表明,实验器件翻转临界电荷约为0.97 fC,而低能质子超过高能质子成为质子软错误率的主要贡献因素。     

SRAM单粒子效应监测平台的设计

SRAM单粒子效应监测平台用于兰州重离子加速器(HIRFL)辐照终端开展单粒子效应实验,采用"承载子板-主控制板-上位机"结构.简要分析了SRAM单粒子效应产生机理,详细描述了该平台的硬件系统、软件系统和性能指标.重离子辐照实验中,该平台多次检测到IDT71256发生单粒子翻转和单粒子闩锁,实验结果与理论分析的结论基本一致.     

重离子单粒子翻转截面与γ累积剂量的关系研究

应用^252Cf源和^60Coγ源进行单粒子翻转斋与γ累积剂量的关系研究，实验结果表明，静态加电和不加电状态下，γ累积剂量对单粒子翻转截面的影响不大，无明显的规律。动态测量状态下，在存储单元中写入相同数据时，器件的单粒子翻转截面随累积剂量的增加而增大。在实验中把存储单元中的数据相反，会使器件的单粒子翻转截面水经^60Coγ源辐照时的水平，甚至更低，从而抵消了累积剂量对单粒子翻转截面的影响。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.