HFC—134a／油的材料相容性研究

本文综合运用目前国际上的制冷剂材料相容性研究方法,试验研究了国产ＨＦＣ１３４ａ及润滑油与ＨＦＣ１３４ａ汽车空调材料的相容性,同时还研究了国产ＨＦＣ１３４ａ及进口润滑油与ＨＦＣ１３４ａ冰箱材料的相容性。结果表明,国产ＨＦＣ１３４ａ／油与目前ＨＦＣ１３４ａ汽车空调材料是相容的,国产ＨＦＣ１３４ａ与现有ＨＦＣ１３４ａ冰箱材料也是相容的。     

巨化HCFC—22项目通过自评审

浙江巨化股份有限公司年产１２０００ｔＨＣＦＣ—２２项目，日前通过了内部评审。ＨＣＦＣ—２２作为冰箱、冷柜、冷却器、冷库等制冷剂ＣＦＣ—１１／１２的过渡性替代品，近年来用量逐年上升。巨化公司目前已建成两套年产量分别为５０００ｔ和６０００ｔ的ＨＣＦＣ—２...     

AlF3—CdF2—PbF2—LiF玻璃的X射线衍射和分子动力学研究

采用Ｘ射线衍射和分子动力学计算机结构模拟（ＭＤ）等手段，研究了ＡｌＦ３－ＣｄＦ２－ＰｂＦ２－ＬｉＦ玻璃的结构。研究表明Ａｌ原子为６配位，Ｃｄ原子取６，７和配位，ｉ原子为４，５或６配位，Ｃｄ－Ｆ的平均键长力１．１５Ａ。在ＡＤ计算的玻璃中存在着很少的桥Ｆ（Ｆｂ），大量的非桥Ｆ（Ｆｎｂ），并出现了较多的游离Ｆ，Ｆｆ和Ａｌ原子成键。玻璃结构可以看到是由Ｃｄ＾２＋连接的孤立的「Ａｌ２Ｆ１１」等形式的多面体堆     

内—Fc群

本文定义了Ｆｃ群及内—ＦＣ群．给出了内—Ｆｃ群的一个基本分类和刻划。     

Q相C4AF—C2S—C12A7系统中各相共存条件的研究

本文研究了Ｑ相－Ｃ４ＡＦ－Ｃ２Ｓ系统中各相的共存条件。当在Ｑ相和一料中加入少量Ｃ４ＡＦ时，会降低Ｑ相的形成温度。但是在高温下由于Ｍｇ＾２＋在Ｃ４ＡＦ中固溶，大量的Ｃ４ＡＦ加入时反而不利于Ｑ相形成。     

HCFC—22替代冷媒空调系统的研究

随着氟里昂限制的强化，目前制冷空调广泛采用的ＨＣＦＣ－２２等ＨＣＦＣ系统媒也从１９９６年起冻给其消耗量，至２０２０年原则上予以淘汰，三菱公司致力于开发能适应可望替代ＨＣＦＣ－２２的ＨＦＣ系三种非共沸混合冷媒Ｒ４０７Ｃ的冷冻机油；建立适应非共沸混合冷媒的高精度导热系数予测方程，以及利用该方程确立循环冷媒成分和系统性能的预测方法。应用这些关键技术的成果进行有关Ｒ４０７Ｃ系统性能改善的应用研究。结果表明     

合金元素Cu,Nb对烧结Nd—Fe—Co—B永磁材料力学性能影响的研究

研究了合金元素Ｃｕ、Ｎｂ对烧结Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｃｏ－Ｂ永磁材料力学性能的影响。同时利用ＥＤＡＸ对相成分进行了分析。结果发现,合金元素Ｃｕ、Ｎｂ的加入能有效提高磁体材料的抗弯强度。加入Ｎｂ元素,还能适当提高其断裂韧性。合金元素生产强化的主要原因是组织中出现的强化相－ＮｄＦｅＣｏＣｕ相和ＮｄＦｅＢ相。前者为三角形态,为棒状或颗粒状。     

Fe—Mn—Si—Cr—Ni形状记忆合金超弹性的研究

用拉伸实验研究了Ｆｅ－１５．２Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－８．３Ｃｒ－７Ｎｉ、Ｆｅ－１６Ｍｎ－５Ｓｉ－９Ｃｒ－４Ｎｉ和３１７Ｌ不锈钢的应力应谜面工线。结果表明,铁基形状记忆合金存在显著的超弹必     

激光气相合成γ—Fe纳米粒子

以ＳＦ６为光敏剂，用ＣＷ ＣＯ２激光诱导气相Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）５热解反应，在室温下高效率地制备出了γ－Ｆｅ纳米粒子（２０－４０ｎｍ），并对其进行了分析和表征研究。     

Cu和Nb对非晶态Fe—Si—B合金等温晶化过程的影响

采用示差扫描量热卡计（ＤＳＣＩ）得到了非晶态Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ－Ｂ合金加入Ｃｕ和Ｎｂ后的等温晶化放热曲线，结合Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）分析，明确了Ｃｕ和Ｎｂ在形成纳米α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）晶体相时的作用。此外，非晶态Ｆｅ７６．５Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ３等温化的α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）放热峰呈明显的非对称形状。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.