炭素专利

本发明公开了一种预焙阳极炭块入炉焙烧的编组方法及其机组，其方法为：在将阳极炭块送入炉内进行焙烧时，它将阳极炭块按垂直交错放置的形式编组填装入炉进行焙烧。其预焙阳极炭块编组机组由步进移动台车、垂直翻转装置、液压站、两台推料机、分块输送机、分组输送机、链板输送机组成。本发明将阳极炭块垂直交错放置编组填装入炉，它与卧式装填一次编组两块预焙阳极的传统运行方式相比，本发明所需设备结构比较紧凑简单；编组工效可比卧式装填一次编组两块预焙阳极的运行方式提高工效7倍以上。     

石油焦粉焦制备预焙阳极探讨

为改变目前国内铝用炭素原料石油焦粉焦含量越来越多,严重影响阳极生产这一现状,本文选用两种粘结剂分别用于粉焦成型,并对成型块进行煅烧,然后用其制备预焙阳极,阳极性能分析结果表明,这种技术能够满足预焙阳极生产的需要。     

铝用炭素国内外技术现状与分析

为满足市场对铝的需求，进入21世纪我国铝产量大幅度增长，新增产量均采用了技术先进的200kA以上大型预焙槽，新型大型预焙槽的采用，向铝用炭素提出了新的要求。我国铝用炭素的生产技术与国外相比存在较大差距，产品质量及品种亟待升级。采用一系列设计新技术，生产品质优良且均质的预焙阳极是我国铝工业技术发展的迫切需要；我国阴极炭素制品品种亟待升级换代，以适应现代大型预焙槽技术发展的需要。     

11项炭素材料分析方法标准获准实施

近日，国家发展与改革委员会发布2006年第18号公告，批准由郑州研究院起草的YS/T62.2《铝用炭素检测方法》第2部分 阴极炭块和预焙阳极 室温电阻率的测定》等11项炭素材料分析方法标准，自2006年8月1日起实施。     

铝用炭素材料(续2)

１．１．２阳极炭块组装（Ｃｏｍｂｉｎｉｎｇａｎｄｍｏｕｎｔｉｎｇｆｏｒａｎｏｄｅｃａｒｂｏｎｂｌｏｃｋｓ）阳极炭块组装是将阳极导杆、铸钢爪和预焙阳极炭块组合为一体的工艺过程。组装部件的材质与要求每个预焙阳极炭块组由３个部分组合而成,即铝导杆、铸钢爪头和预焙阳极炭块。它们之间（导杆和铸钢爪之间）通过焊接、磷生铁浇注连接为一体,组成阳极炭块组。阳极炭块组一般为单块组,也有双块组和三块组。每台铝电解槽由８～３２组阳极炭块组构成。阳极炭块组如图４。图４阳极炭块组铝导杆一般用一级铝及铝合金拉铸而成,铝导杆…     

预焙阳极中的杂质对其性能的影响

本文分析了预焙阳极中杂质的主要来源,并将我国的石油焦杂质含量与国外的石油焦标准作对比,对石油焦中各种杂质的危害进行了分析,从而阐述了预焙阳极中杂质对其性能的影响。     

铝用炭素材料(续1)

１．１铝用阳极材料（ｃａｒｂｏｎａｎｏｄｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｆｏｒａｌｕｍｉｎｉｕｍｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｌｙｓｉｓ）⑴分类阳极材料可分为阳极糊和预焙阳极炭块两大类。阳极糊未经焙烧,直接用在自焙铝电解槽上作阳极;阳极炭块已经成型和焙烧,用于预焙铝电解槽作阳极。阳极材料分类见表３。表３阳极材料分类以阳极糊为主体所构成的连续自焙阳极可以连续工作而不必更换,其利用电解槽热量焙烧阳极,节省能量,不需建压型、焙烧设备,节省投资。但由于沥青烟直接在电解槽上部散发,环境污染严重,给铝电解生产烟气净化和自动化操作带来困难…     

铝用炭素材料(续3)

１．１．３预焙阳极 (Ｃａｒｂｏｎｐｒｅｂａｋｅｄａｎｏｄｅ)预焙阳极是预焙阳极电解槽的重要组成部分 ,它由多组阳极炭块组和阳极提升机构部分组成 ,它参与电化学反应并把电流导入电解槽内。每组阳极炭块组由１～３块阳极炭块、阳极导杆和钢爪预先组装而成。其中以单块阳极组使用最普遍。炭块的数量和尺寸视电解槽的容量和电流密度而定 (一般为１０～４０组 )。这些炭块组在槽内对称地排列在阳极水平母线的左右两侧 ,炭块组的铝导杆靠可转动的卡具固定在水平母线上 ,铝导杆起着输送电流和吊挂炭块组的双重作用。阳极提升机构是升降阳极…     

国内外铝用阳极质量差别原因分析

目前，国内用于大型铝电解槽的预焙阳极质量与国外先进铝厂预焙阳极相比存在着比较大差别，这主要是由于在基本生产理论研究、预焙阳极生产工艺的控制过程、预焙阳极生产过程的检测、分析手段及其他方面的差异导致的结果。本文对以上提及的原因进行分析对比，以期对国内铝用预焙阳极生产提供一些借鉴。     

关于铝用阳极原料质量标准的探讨与研究

预焙阳极质量在铝电解生产中起着关键作用。选择优质石油焦、改质沥青作原料,是生产优质炭阳极的前提条件。本文通过分析石油焦、沥青的质量,研究阳极生产用原料质量控制标准,最大化的降低生产成本。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

卫生陶瓷烧成用窑炉发展之我见

归纳了当今卫生陶瓷工业的发展现状和水平 ,对窑炉产业提出了的新要求 ,分析了某一新型窑炉的特点 ,对发展我国陶瓷窑炉产业提出了建议     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.