一种基于位平面的压缩域人脸识别算法

针对光照等干扰因素对人脸识别的不利影响,以及人脸图像的维度过高等问题,提出了一种新的基于位平面的压缩域人脸识别算法。该算法综合利用了图像丰富的位平面信息和压缩域内图像处理技术,提出新的人脸特征表达方法。实验结果表明,该方法不仅能够有效地降低图片维度,并且具有较好的鲁棒性。     

DCT域上人脸光照正则化及识别

现有的光照正则化处理算法,都是在空间域中进行的,为避免海量图像解压缩的时间消耗,在JPEG图像上直接进行光照正则化处理,提高人脸识别效率,在DCT域上,基于三维辐照度方程,把差图像法推广到了DCT域上,并在DCT域上提出了分量图像法。实验表明：差图像法与分量图像法均能在DCT域中有效地削弱光照方向对人脸识别的负面影响。     

基于自适应稀疏变换的指纹图像压缩

随着指纹识别技术的广泛应用,大量指纹图像需要被收集和存储.在指纹识别系统中,对于大容量的指纹数据库,指纹图像必须经过压缩后存储以减少存储空间,本文提出了基于自适应稀疏变换的指纹图像压缩算法.该算法在离线状态下提取指纹图像特征训练超完备字典;在编码过程中,首先利用差分预测编码和稀疏变换将待压缩指纹图像转换到稀疏域,然后对直流系数和稀疏表达系数进行量化和熵编码,从而实现图像信息的压缩.实验表明,在中低码率段,本文算法相比于JPEG、JPEG2000和WSQ等主流压缩算法表现出更优越的率失真性能;在相同码率时,本文算法生成的压缩图像的主观视觉效果更好,指纹识别率更高.     

Ensemble-based discriminant learning with boosting for face recognition

In this paper, we propose a novel ensemble-based approach to boost performance of traditional Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)-based methods used in face recognition. The ensemble-based approach is based on the recently emerged technique known as "boosting". However, it is generally believed that boosting-like learning rules are not suited to a strong and stable learner such as LDA. To break the limitation, a novel weakness analysis theory is developed here. The theory attempts to boost a strong learner by increasing the diversity between the classifiers created by the learner, at the expense of decreasing their margins, so as to achieve a tradeoff suggested by recent boosting studies for a low generalization error. In addition, a novel distribution accounting for the pairwise class discriminant information is introduced for effective interaction between the booster and the LDA-based learner. The integration of all these methodologies proposed here leads to the novel ensemble-based discriminant learning approach, capable of taking advantage of both the boosting and LDA techniques. Promising experimental results obtained on various difficult face recognition scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. We believe that this work is especially beneficial in extending the boosting framework to accommodate general (strong/weak) learners.     

Robust JPEG steganography based on DCT and SVD in nonsubsampled shearlet transform domain

Social media platform such as WeChat provides rich cover images for covert communication by steganography. However, in order to save band-width, storage space and make images load faster, the images often will be compressed, which makes the image steganography algorithms designed for lossless network channels unusable. Based on DCT and SVD in nonsubsampled shearlet transform domain, a robust JPEG steganography algorithm is proposed, which can resist image compression and correctly extract the embedded secret message from the compressed stego image. First, by combining the advantages of nonsubsampled shearlet transform, DCT and SVD, the construction method for robust embedding domain is proposed. Then, based on minimal distortion principle, the framework of the proposed robust JPEG steganography algorithm is given and the key steps are described in details. The experimental results show that the proposed JPEG steganography algorithm can achieve competitive robustness and anti-detection capability in contrast to the state-of-the-art robust steganography algorithms. Moreover, it can extract the secret message correctly even if the stego image is compressed by WeChat.

     

基于CUDA的实时人脸识别系统

通过对人脸识别系统的2个关键部分的优化,实现一种快速高效的人脸识别系统。在面部检测阶段改进图像积分的并行算法;在面部识别阶段尝试算法的并行化,并且把测试阶段的一部分进行了并行化。与传统的CPU识别程序相比,CUDA平台改进程序可在面部检测阶段实现22.42倍的加速比,在面部识别阶段实现1668.56倍的加速比。实验数据表明,本文提出的人脸识别系统具有很高的实时性能。     

FloatBoost learning and statistical face detection

A novel learning procedure, called FloatBoost, is proposed for learning a boosted classifier for achieving the minimum error rate. FloatBoost learning uses a backtrack mechanism after each iteration of AdaBoost learning to minimize the error rate directly, rather than minimizing an exponential function of the margin as in the traditional AdaBoost algorithms. A second contribution of the paper is a novel statistical model for learning best weak classifiers using a stagewise approximation of the posterior probability. These novel techniques lead to a classifier which requires fewer weak classifiers than AdaBoost yet achieves lower error rates in both training and testing, as demonstrated by extensive experiments. Applied to face detection, the FloatBoost learning method, together with a proposed detector pyramid architecture, leads to the first real-time multiview face detection system reported.     

基于多区域融合的表情鲁棒三维人脸识别算法

为了实现三维人脸识别算法对表情变化的鲁棒性，提出一种基于语义对齐的多区域模板融合三维人脸识别算法。首先，为了实现三维人脸在语义上的对齐，将所有三维人脸模型与预定义标准参考模型做稠密对齐。然后，根据人脸表情具有区域性的特点，为了不受限于区域划分的精准度，提出基于多区域模板的相似度预测方法。最后，采用多数投票法将多个分类器的预测结果融合得到最终识别结果。实验结果表明，在FRGC v2.0表情三维人脸数据库上所提算法可以达到98.69%的rank-1识别率，在含有遮挡变化的Bosphorus数据库上该算法达到84.36%的rank-1识别率。     

集中趋势自适应增强的英语作文评分算法

为更好地对英语作文进行智能评分,提出了一种改进算法Adaboost/CT。算法以机器筛选得到的主成分作为弱分类器集,通过集中趋势的方法改进了自适应增强技术。这样既避免了过拟合问题,也解决了弱分类器叠加错误陷阱。实验表明该算法能有效地应用于英语作文智能评分系统,且与人工评分相比,其邻接准确率为94%,误差均小于20%且不存在奇异值性误差。该算法在智能评分和机器学习方面具有理论和实用价值。     

Boosted multi-class semi-supervised learning for human action recognition

Human action recognition is a challenging task due to significant intra-class variations, occlusion, and background clutter. Most of the existing work use the action models based on statistic learning algorithms for classification. To achieve good performance on recognition, a large amount of the labeled samples are therefore required to train the sophisticated action models. However, collecting labeled samples is labor-intensive. To tackle this problem, we propose a boosted multi-class semi-supervised learning algorithm in which the co-EM algorithm is adopted to leverage the information from unlabeled data. Three key issues are addressed in this paper. Firstly, we formulate the action recognition in a multi-class semi-supervised learning problem to deal with the insufficient labeled data and high computational expense. Secondly, boosted co-EM is employed for the semi-supervised model construction. To overcome the high dimensional feature space, weighted multiple discriminant analysis (WMDA) is used to project the features into low dimensional subspaces in which the Gaussian mixture models (GMM) are trained and boosting scheme is used to integrate the subspace models. Thirdly, we present the upper bound of the training error in multi-class framework, which is able to guide the novel classifier construction. In theory, the proposed solution is proved to minimize this upper error bound. Experimental results have shown good performance on public datasets.     

基于改进在线多示例学习算法的机器人目标跟踪

提出基于改进的在线多示例学习算法(Improved multiple instance learning, IMIL)的移动机器人目标跟踪方法. 该方法利用射频识别系统(Radio frequency identification, RFID)粗定位IMIL算法的搜索区域, 然后应用IMIL算法实现目标跟踪. 该方法保证了机器人跟踪系统的连续性, 解决了目标突然转弯时的跟踪问题. IMIL算法采用从低维空间提取的压缩特征描述包中示例, 以降低算法耗时. 通过最大化弱分类器与极大似然概率的内积, 选择判别能力强的弱分类器, 避免了弱分类器选择过程中多次计算包概率和示例概率, 进一步提高算法的实时处理能力. 计算包概率时该算法平等对待各示例, 保证概率高的示例对包概率的贡献度, 克服跟踪漂移问题. 跟踪过程中, 结合当前跟踪结果与目标模板间的相似性分数在线实时调整分类器, 提高了算法的自适应能力. 最后将本文方法在视频和移动机器人上进行实验. 实验结果表明, 该方法在目标运动突变及外观改变时具有较强的鲁棒性和准确性, 并满足系统的实时性要求.     

Partially compressed-encrypted domain robust JPEG image watermarking

Digital media is often handled in a compressed and encrypted form in Digital Asset Management Systems. And watermarking of the compressed encrypted media items in the compressed-encrypted domain itself is required sometimes for copyright violation detection or other purposes. In this paper, we propose a robust image watermarking technique for partially compressed-encrypted JPEG images. However, arbitrary embedding of a watermark in a partially compressed encrypted image can cause drastic degradation of the quality as the underlying change may result in random decrypted values. In addition, due to the encryption the compression efficiency may become very low. Thus the challenge is to design a watermarking technique that provides good watermarked image quality and at the same time gives good compression efficiency. While the proposed technique embeds watermark in the partially compressed-encrypted domain, the extraction of watermark can be done in the encrypted or decrypted domains. The experiments show that the watermarked image quality is good and the reduction in compression efficiency is low. The proposed watermarking technique is robust to common signal processing attacks. The watermark detection performance of the proposed scheme is better than the existing encrypted domain watermarking techniques.     

Method of weak classifiers fuzzy boosting: Iterative learning of quasi-linear algorithmic composition

Method of fuzzy boosting providing iterative weak classifiers selection and their quasi-linear composition construction is presented. The method is based on the combination of boosting and fuzzy integrating techniques, when at each step of boosting weak classifiers are combined by Choquet fuzzy integral. In the proposed FuzzyBoost algorithm 2-additive fuzzy measures were used, and method for their estimation was proposed. Although detailed theoretical verification of proposed algorithm is still absent, the experimental results, made on simulated data models, demonstrate that in the case of complex decision boundaries FuzzyBoost significantly outperforms AdaBoost.     

基于多配置特征包的目标检测

针对目标检测中的特征失配问题,提出多配置特征包的概念,刻画同一特征可能出现的不同失配情况。目标分类器学习时,利用Boosting算法学习出最具鉴别力特征包,每个特征包对应一个单特征和它的失配情况,目标分类器是最优特征包分类器的线性组合。进一步地,引入多示例学习思想,有效评估特征包鉴别力、学习特征包分类器。在人脸数据集上的实验表明,较之传统方法,考虑特征失配后,文中算法能获得更好的检测性能。同时,与固定包生成方式相比,多配置特征包能较好拟合特征失配情况,在提高检测率的同时获得更小的检测器尺寸。     

超球体多类支持向量机理论

目前的多类分类器大多是经二分类器组合而成的,存在训练速度较慢的问题,在分类类别多的时候,会遇到很大困难,超球体多类支持向量机将超球体单类支持向量机扩展到多类问题,由于每类样本只参与一个超球体支持向量机的训练.因此,这是一种直接多类分类器,训练效率明显提高.为了有效训练超球体多类支持向量机,利用SMO算法思想,提出了超球体支持向量机的快速训练算法.同时对超球体多类支持向量机的推广能力进行了理论上的估计.数值实验表明,在分类类别较多的情况,这种分类器的训练速度有很大提高,非常适合解决类别数较多的分类问题.超球体多类支持向量机为研究快速直接多类分类器提供了新的思路.     

高斯加权的多分类器物体追踪

针对在物体外观快速变化的情况下,大多数弱学习器不能捕获物体新的特征分布,导致追踪失败的问题,提出了高斯加权的联机多分类器增强算法。该算法为每一个领域问题定义一个弱分类器,每个弱分类器包括一个简单的视觉特征和阈值,引入高斯加权函数来权衡每个弱分类器在特定样本上的贡献,通过多分类器联合学习来提高追踪性能。在物体追踪过程中,联机多分类器在对物体定位的同时还能估计物体的姿态,能够成功地学习多模态外观模型,在物体外观快速变化的情况下追踪物体。实验结果表明：所提算法在经过一个较短序列的训练后,平均追踪错误率为12.8%,追踪性能明显提升。     

JPEG彩色图像自适应加密算法

基于复合混沌和有限整数域上的仿射变换,提出一种结合JPEG图像压缩编码的加密算法.首先在空域对R,G,B分量以8×8大小块为基本单元统一进行位置置乱,打乱R,G,B分量之间的组合关系,再进行正常的JPEG压缩编码;在量化DCT系数之后,对亮度、色度分量中的DC系数分别进行置乱,置乱系数位置的同时根据坐标混合它的值,然后扰动复合混沌系统以自适应地代换DC系数.该算法符合模块化设计,密钥空间大、安全性高.实验结果表明,文中算法视觉效果好、敏感性强,密文与直接压缩的图像大小相当.     

基于小波域HMM模型的稳健多比特图像水印算法

稳健性是多比特图像水印的关键问题之一,提出了一种基于小波域隐马尔可夫模型(hidden Markov model,简称HMM)的多比特图像水印算法,该算法的主要特点为:(1) 利用向量HMM模型精确描述图像小波系数间的统计特性,基于此统计模型的水印盲检测系统较之传统的相关检测器,在性能上有显著的提升;(2) 结合视觉掩盖特性,自适应地调整水印嵌入强度,使之在一定的嵌入强度下,视觉主观失真较小;(3) 提出了一种适合隐马尔可夫模型树型结构的多比特数据优化嵌入策略和最大似然检测.数值仿真结果表明,该算法可以较好地利用图像小波域的低频子带以实现较大容量图像水印的嵌入,并在抵抗Stirmark平台攻击,如JPEG压缩、加噪、中值滤波和线性滤波等方面具有很强的稳健性.     

改进的基于Gabor-LDA的人脸识别方法

鉴于Gabor特征对光照、表情等变化比较鲁棒,并已在人脸识别领域取得成功应用,提出了一种改进的Gabor-LDA算法.首先对人脸图像进行多方向、多尺度Gabor小渡滤波,然后对得到的特征向量使用改进的主成分分析方法(PCA)变换降维,采用自适应加权原理重建类内散布矩阵和类间散布矩阵,从而改进了最佳鉴别分析(LDA)判别函数,有效地解决了训练样本类均值与类中心的偏离问题.对Yale人脸库的数值试验表明,该算法比传统算法有更好的性能.