Structure and Bonding in Some Gd（Ⅲ） Metal Complexes Studied by Three-Dimensional X-Ray Analysis and ^155Gd Mossbauer Spectroscopy

Some functional lanthanide metal complexes, such as acetylacetonato complexes, ethylenediaminetetraacetato complexes, were successfully applied for diagnostic technique. The authors are interested in investigating the structure and bonding in lanthanide and actinide metal complexes using 166Er, t55Gd, and 237Np Mtissbauer spectroscopies in connection with single-crystal and/or powder X-ray diffraction, making clear the differences on their structures as well as the differences in the participation of 4f and 5f orbitals in the chemical bonds. In this article, the crystal structures of two novel Gd（Ⅲ） acetylacetonato complexes, Gd（pta）3 · 2H2O （pta = 1,1,1 -trifluoro-5,5-dimethy 1-2,4-hexanedione） and Gd（bfa）3 · 2H2O （bfa = 1, 1, 1 -trifluoro-4-phenyl-2-4-butanedione） were reported. Though both of them were dihydrate and had distorted square antiprismatical structure, Gd（pta）3 · 2H2O crystallizes in the P 2 1/n （#14） monoclinic space group and its lattice parameters are a = 1.4141（6） nm, b = 1.0708（3） nm, c =2.2344（4） nm, β =952.4（2）°, and Gd（bfa）3· 2H2O crystallizes in P 212121 orthorhombic space group and its lattice parameters were a = 1.322 （1） nm, b = 2.295 （1） nm, c = 1. 0786（8） nm. In the meantime, the authors had finished a systematic investigation on the ^155Gd Mossbauer isomer shift （δ） of various Gd（Ⅲ） metal complexes having a different coordination number （C.N.） and different ratios coordinating oxygen to nitrogen. A tendency for the 6 value to decrease with an increase in the C.N, and the number of the nitrogen atom coordinating to Gd was confirmed. This indicated that the Gd-O and/or Gd-N bond in the investigated Gd（Ⅲ） metal complexes had a small covalent contribution, which was possible to be deduced from the O and/or N atoms of the lisands donating electrons to 6s, 5d, and 4f orbitals of Gd.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Lanthanum Orotate Supermolecule with A Honeycomb Structure Constructed from Mononuclear Molecules via Hydrogen Bonds

A new complex of lanthanum orotate [La（C5H3N2O4）2（OH）（H2O）6 ]·2（C5H4N2O4）·9H2O was synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The crystal structure was determined with help of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The complex crystallized in orthorhombic system, Cmc2（1） space group. In the complex, the center lanthanum （Ⅲ） ion was nine-coordinated with coordination geometry of a distorted monocapped square antiprism, in which two of the nine coordinated oxygen atoms were from two orotate ligands in a monodentate mode, one oxygen atom from a hydroxyl, and the others from six coordinated water molecules. The mononuclear complex [La（C5H3N2O4）2（OH）（H2O）6 ]·2（C5H4N2O4）·9H2O was linked through the hydrogen bonds into an infinite supermolecular honeycomb structure.     

Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of Europium,Terbium Doped Zn^2＋, Cd^2＋, and Cr^3＋ Complexes

Europium and terbium complexes with strong fluorescence intensity and long fluorescence lifetime were prepared. By replacing half of the europium or terbium ion with M （M = Zn^2＋, Cd^2＋, and Cr^3＋） using the doped method, and then incorporating it with 18-crown-6 ether and terephthalic acid, six heteronuclear samples EuZnLL＇Cl3·3H2O（1）, EuCdLL2＇Cl3·5H2O（2）, EuCrLL＇Cl4· 4H2O（3）, TbZnLL＇Cl3·4H2O（4）, TbCdLL＇2Cl3·4H2O（5）, and TbCrLL＇2Cl4 ·4H2O（6） （L = terephthalic acid, L＇= 18-Crown-6 ether） were obtained. The elemental analysis, molar conductivities, rare earth complexometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy （FT-IR）, ultraviolet （UV）, TGA, fluorescence intensity, and fluorescence lifetime of the samples were measured. The results showed that there were good luminescence properties for heteronuclear complexes （1）, （2）, （4）, and （5）, which were even stronger than those of the homonuclear complexes Eu2LL＇2Cl4·4H2O and Tb2LL＇2Cl4 ·4H2O, but the luminescence properties of EuCrLL＇Cl4·4H2O, TbCrLL＇Cl4·4H2O were very weak. A possible luminescence mechanism was suggested by the organic-inorganic doped mechanism and the law of intramolecular energy transfer.     

微波水热法制备Co掺杂的LaFeO3及其光催化性能

以Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O、Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O、La(NO₃)₃·H₂O为原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,葡萄糖为模版剂,采用微波水热的方法合成了钙钛矿结构LaFeO₃光催化剂.利用XRD、SEM、TG-DSC和FT-IR等手段进行分析表征.结果表明:Co的掺杂有利于提高LaFeO₃光催化剂的活性,其催化效果优于纯的LaFeO₃;当掺杂量x=0.1时,其催化效果较优,光照时间为150 min时,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到99.46 %,较纯LaFeO₃高出36.51 %.      

Synthesis and Characterization of Some Lanthanide（Ⅲ） Complexes with 4- [N-（2-methoxy benzylinine）formy1]-2, 3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyazolin-5-one

A series of seven novel lanthanide（Ⅲ ） nitrato complexes with 4-[ N-（2-methoxybenzylimine）formyl] 1-2, 3- dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyazolin-5-one （2mbfa）, were synthesized. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molecular mass determination, conductance and magnetic moment measurements, IR, UV-visible, and ^13CNMR spectral studies, In these complexes, the Schiff base, 2mbfa, acts as neutral bidentate ligand by utilizing the carbonyl oxygen and azomethine nitrogen as donor sites. All the three nitrate ions are also coordinated unidentately with 7 coordination for the lanthanide（Ⅲ） ions with a tentative monocapped octahedral geometry for the complexes. All the seven lanthanide（Ⅲ） complexes have a general formula, [ Ln（2mbfa）：（NO3）3 ].     

Syntheses,characterization, and luminescence of two lanthanide complexes [Ln2（acetate）6（HeO）4]·4H2O （Ln=Tb（1）, Sm（2））

Two dinuclear compounds [Ln2（acetate）6（H2O）4]-4H2O （Ln=Tb（1）, Sm（2）） were obtained by the hydrothermal reaction of Ln2O3 with malonic acid at 150 ℃. Both compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectra, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results showed that complexes 1 and 2 were isomorphous and crystallize in triclinic space group P 1. The coordination geometry around Ln（Ⅲ） ions in the complexes 1 and 2 was a distorted tricapped trigonal prism with a nine coordination. In the crystal, the molecular organization was further stabilized by well-defined weak hydrogen bonding interactions between the neutral dinuclear molecular units that led to the formation of a three-dimensional network. The fluorescence properties of the two complexes 1 and 2 in organic solvents were also studied. The results show that the ligand acetate favored energy transfer to the emitting energy level of Tb（Ⅲ） in complex 1. Some factors that influence the fluorescent intensity were also discussed in the article.     

沉淀温度对制备铈掺杂YAG粉体的影响

文中采用共沉淀法来制备铈掺杂YAG前驱体.为获得纯相YAG:Ce3+粉体,实验以CeO₂、Y₂O₃、Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O和NH₄HCO₃为原料,在不同的沉淀温度下来制备YAG:Ce3+前驱体,将所制得的前驱体经高温煅烧还原得到YAG:Ce3+粉体,并通过TG/DTA、XRD及光谱分析等手段分析了沉淀温度对YAG:Ce3+粉体性能的影响.实验结果表明:沉淀温度为25 ℃时制备出来的YAG:Ce3+粉体发光强度好.      

磷酸镧除氟的H+,Zn2+,La3+∥SO2-4,PO3-4-H2O体系中Zn2+的间接络合滴定

采用镧盐除氟剂LaPO₄对锌电解液除F时,由于La³⁺和PO^3-₄的存在,H⁺,Zn²⁺,La³⁺∥SO^2-₄,PO^3-₄-H₂O体系中Zn²⁺不能直接用传统的滴定法测定。通过向待测液中加入适量NH₃·H₂O-NH₄Cl缓冲溶液络合Zn²⁺(Zn₃(PO₄)₂溶于氨性溶液),使La³⁺进入固相,抽滤、洗涤沉淀以分离Zn²⁺和La³⁺,收集滤液用EDTA(铬黑T作指示剂)滴定Zn²⁺,建立了间接络合滴定该体系中Zn²⁺的方法。实验结果表明:缓冲溶液采取较高的浓度配方、冲洗液采用稀释的缓冲溶液为宜。对于含0.1~1.0mmol Zn²⁺的样液,确定缓冲溶液为54g NH₄Cl溶于水,再加入350mL NH₃·H₂O,定容至1L,用量为20mL;冲洗液为缓冲溶液(1+2);为便于沉淀转移,加入沉淀La³⁺理论量1.1倍的F^-(La³⁺物质的量的3.3倍),可使沉淀转为不易于粘附玻璃的LaF₃。方法的定量限为0.01mol/kg。吸取含Zn²⁺在0.1~1.0mmol的H⁺,Zn²⁺,La³⁺∥SO^2-₄,PO^3-₄-H₂O体系平衡液,按照实验方法测定Zn²⁺,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于0.1%,加标回收率为99%~100%。     

CaO–Al2O3–SiO2复合烧结助剂添加量对ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷性能的影响

以Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O、Ca(NO)₂·4H₂O、C₈H₂₀O₄Si为原料, 采用高分子网络法制备出成分均匀、粒度分布为3~7μm、高活性的CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂复合烧结助剂; 将质量分数为3%、5%、7%、9%的CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂复合烧结助剂添加到Al₂O₃和ZrO₂原料粉体中, 经干压成型, 在1450℃烧结温度、保温4h的工艺条件下进行常压烧结制备得到ZrO₂/Al₂O₃复相陶瓷试样, 研究烧结助剂添加量对复相陶瓷力学性能和显微组织结构的影响。结果表明:当添加质量分数为5%的CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂复合烧结助剂时, ZrO₂/Al₂O₃复相陶瓷的综合性能最达到佳, 相对密度为94%, 显微维氏硬度为1204 MPa, 抗弯强度为321 MPa, 断裂韧性为4.52 MPa·m1/2。     

沉金后液中金、铂、钯、碲的组态特征及其碲捕集稀贵金属机制

铜阳极泥沉金后液是回收铂族金属铂、钯的重要原料来源。根据铜阳极泥氯化浸出过程稀贵金属可能发生的电极反应,分析了沉金后液中金、铂、钯、碲的存在价态,通过热力学计算绘制了金、铂、钯、碲的多形态组分图,并研究了单一金、铂、钯体系碲捕贵金属机制。沉金后液中稀贵金属金、铂、钯和碲的价态分别为Au³⁺,Pt²⁺,Pt⁴⁺,Pd²⁺,Te⁴⁺;金、铂、钯在沉金后液中随氯离子浓度的改变,以多组态络合物形式存在,Au(Ⅲ)几乎全部以[AuCl₄]-组态存在,Pt(Ⅱ),Pd(Ⅱ)分别主要以[PtCl₄]₂-,[PdCl₄]₂-绝对优势组态存在,Pt(Ⅳ)以[PtCl₆]₂-为主、[PtCl₄]和[PtCl₅]-并存的多组态存在,Te(Ⅳ)随pH的变化形成不同酸根离子组态,在强酸性条件下主要形成H₃TeO₃⁺。钯单一体系还原碲捕集贵金属主要形成PdTe₂,铂单一体系还原碲捕集贵金属主要形成PtTe₂和Pt₂Te₃,金单一体系还原碲捕集贵金属产物主要为单质Au和Te,并有少量AuTe_1.7物相。沉金后液中碲捕集铂、钯主要形成碲化物,碲捕集金主要形成单质金及少量碲化物。     

Study on rapid stabilization of steel slag powder

Dry ball milling and wet ball milling were used to treat converter slag with particle size < 10 mm and the converter slag powder was stabilized by H₂O only and H₂O coupled with CO₂.respectively.Results showed that when CO₂ &H₂O was used,the free-calcium oxide（f-CaO） content in converter slag decreased significantly and after an-hour treatment the f-CaO content was reduced to 3%;however,when only treated by H₂O without CO₂, f-CaO needed 3-hour stabilization to decrease its content to 3%.When f-CaO in converter slag powder was treated by CO₂ &H₂O,its main reaction products were CaCO₃ and then Ca（OH）₂;however,when only H₂O was used, the f-CaO content decreased gently and the main products were Ca（OH）₂.     

丙醇-硫氰化钾-氯化钠-水体系析相萃取分离铂

研究了铂在丙醇-硫氰化钾-氯化钠-水体系中的析相萃取行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件。结果表明,丙醇的水溶液在氯化钠的作用下可分成醇/水两相,在分相过程中,Pt(Ⅳ)与硫氰化钾生成的[Pt(SCN)₆]^2-可与质子化的丙醇 [PrOH₂]⁺形成离子缔合物[Pt(SCN)₆]^2-·2[PrOH₂]⁺而被丙醇相完全萃取。当溶液中丙醇、硫氰化钾和氯化钠分别为30%(V/V)、6.0×10^2- mol/L和0.16 g/mL时,Pt(Ⅳ)的萃取率达到98.2%以上,而试液中的Mo(Ⅵ)、Ce(Ⅲ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、V(Ⅴ)、Cr(Ⅲ)、Ag(Ⅰ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Mg(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Ga(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅱ)和Al(Ⅲ)几乎不被萃取,从而实现了Pt(Ⅳ)与这些金属离子的分离。方法应用于Ni-Pt/Al₂O₃催化剂中铂的分离萃取和测定,测得结果与参考值基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为2.3%。     

锌阳极的微观组织和腐蚀失效分析

通过分析失效锌阳极表面形成的约1 mm厚度的腐蚀产物层发现,腐蚀产物与基体结合牢固、不导电是导致阳极无法发挥保护作用的直接原因。锌阳极表面的腐蚀产物具有明显的分层结构,腐蚀产物形貌以片状产物居多,也有球状产物,片状产物主要为Zn₁₂（SO₄）₃Cl₃（OH）₅·5H₂O和Zn₄SO₄（OH）₆·5H₂O,球状产物主要为Zn₅（OH）₈Cl₂·H₂O;锌块中Pb、Cu、Fe含量（质量分数）略微超标,造成锌保护效率下降。当牺牲阳极受到杂散电流干扰,其表面会被快速极化呈钝化状态,以0.1mA·cm-2恒电流极化10 h,锌表面即发生严重钝化,失去其牺牲保护的作用。     

焦炭在H2O+CO2气氛中的溶损反应特性

 为了研究富氢高炉内焦炭的溶损反应特性,开发了连续进水的全自动焦炭反应性测定装置,分别利用CO₂和N₂载带不同比例H₂O(0%～30%)提供H₂O+CO₂(H₂O和CO₂混合气体)和H₂O+N₂(H₂O和N₂混合气体)的含水气氛进行焦炭溶损试验,通过红外气体分析仪实时记录出口气体中CO和H₂的摩尔分数,研究了焦炭在H₂O+CO₂气氛下的溶损反应过程以及碳溶反应(C+CO₂=2CO)和水煤气反应(C+H₂O=CO+H₂)的动力学过程。研究表明,随着H₂O+CO₂混合反应气氛中H₂O比例的增加,焦炭的碳素溶损率和溶损速率均逐渐增大,而且水煤气反应的溶损速率逐渐变大、碳素溶损率逐渐升高,但是碳溶反应的溶损速率则逐渐减小、碳素溶损率也逐渐降低,这说明H₂O+CO₂反应气氛中H₂O和CO₂同时与焦炭反应存在显著的竞争作用。通过分析碳素溶损率和水蒸气含量线性关系的拟合斜率发现,焦炭在H₂O+CO₂混合反应气氛中发生的碳溶反应和水煤气反应的斜率均小于单纯单一气氛下的碳溶反应和水煤气反应的斜率,并提出基于斜率差值的抑制因子α表征H₂O和CO₂对碳溶反应和水煤气反应互相影响程度,CO₂对水煤气反应的抑制因子α_<sub>CO₂/H₂O为0.253,H₂O对碳溶反应的抑制因子α_<sub>H₂O/CO₂为0.179,α_<sub>CO₂/H₂O为α_<sub>H₂O/CO₂的1.41倍,CO₂对水煤气反应的抑制程度强于H₂O对碳溶反应的抑制程度。     

溶胶-凝胶制备ZnTiO3粉体及其表征

以钛酸丁酯、硝酸锌、乙醇和乙酸为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了纯净六方ZnTiO₃粉体.利用TG-DTA、XRD和FE-SEM等检测手段对前驱体凝胶的热分解、相变以及粉体结构和形貌进行研究.结果表明:ZnTiO₃凝胶前驱体热分解分3个阶段,第1阶段在262 ℃以下主要为有机物的分解过程;第2阶段为262~700 ℃,此时的粉体为非晶态立方相ZnTiO₃;六方ZnTiO₃相的生成发生在第3阶段700~900 ℃.获得纯净六方ZnTiO₃相的较为合适的工艺条件为:前驱体在60 ℃进行溶胶,然后在700~900 ℃煅烧2 h.      

Preparation and Upconversion Luminescence of Y3Al5O12 ： Yb^3＋ , Er^3＋ Trapsparent Ceramics

YAG： 1% （atom fraction） Yb^3＋ , 0.5% （atom fraction） Er3＋ transparent ceramics were fabricated by the solid state reaction method using high-purity Y2O3, Al2O3, Yb2O3, and Er2O3 powders as starting materials. The mixed powder compact was sintered at 1760 ℃ for 6 h in vacuum and annealed at 1500 ℃ for 10 h in an air atmosphere. The ceramics consisted of about 10μm grains and exhibited a pore-free structure. The optical transmittance of the ceramics at 1064 nm was nearly 80%. Upconversion emissions were investigated on the ceramics pumped by a 980 nm continuous wave diode laser, and strong green emission centered at 523 and 559 nm and red emission centered at 669 nm were observed, which originated from the radiative transitions of ^2H11/2→^4I15/2, ^4S3/2→^4I15/2, and ^4F9/2→^4I15/2 of Er^3＋ ions, respectively.     

Physical Properties of Liquid Terbium Measured by Levitation Techniques

To understand the nature and behavior of rare earth metals in their liquid phases, accurate values of their physical properties are essential. However, to measure their physical properties, the samples should be maintained in liquid phases for prolonged time, and this raises a formidable challenge. This is mainly explained by their high melting temperatures （e.g., 1629 K for Tb）, high vapor pressure, and the risk of melt contamination with a crucible or support. An electrostatic levitation furnace alleviated these difficulties and allowed the determination of density, surface tension, and viscosity of several metals above their melting temperature. Here, first, the levitation furnace facility and the noncontact diagnostic procedures were briefly discussed, followed by the explanation of their thermophysical property measurements over wide temperature ranges. The density was obtained using an ultraviolet-based imaging technique that allowed excellent illumination, even at elevated temperatures. Over the 1615 to 1880 K temperature span, the density measurements could be expressed as p（T） =7.84 × 10^3 -0.47 （T - Tm） （kg · m^-3） with Tm = 1629 K, yielding a volume expansion coefficient a（T） = 6.0 × 10^-5 （K^-1）. In addition, the surface tension and the viscosity could be determined by inducing a drop oscillation to a molten sample. Using this technique, the surface tension data could be expressed as σ（T） = 8.93 × 10^2 - 0.10 （T - Tm）（mN· m^-1） and those for viscosity as η（T） =0.583 exp [4.1 × 10^4/（RT）] （MPa·s） over the 1690 to 1980 K temperature range     

Polymerization of Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate Catalyzed by Substituted Indenyl Lanthanide（Ⅱ） Complexes

The polymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate （DMAEMA） catalyzed by the 1-cyclopentylindenyl lanthanide （Ⅱ） complex （1-C5H9C9H6）2Yb （THF）2 was investigated. The results indicated that the complex （1- C5H9C9H6）2Yb （THF）2 as a single component catalyst showed high activity. The conversion of the polymerization and the molecular weight of the polymer were affected by temperature, time, amount of catalyst and solvent in the polymerization process. The catalytic activity of （1-C5H9C9H6）2Yb （THF）2 enhanced significantly when a small amount of polar solvent THF was added into the polymerization system in which toluene was selected as the solvent. The optimal temperature of polymerization was about 0 ℃. Other modified substituted indenyl lanthanide （Ⅱ） complexes also showed good catalytic activity. The order of catalytic activity of the complexes was as follows： （1-C5H9C9H6）2Sm（THF）≈ （1- C2 H5 C9H6 ）2 Sm（THF）2 〉 （1 -C5 H9 C9 H6 ）2 Yb（THF）2 〉 （1 -PhCH2 C9 H6 ）2 Sm（THF）2. The steric regularity of p oly （dimeth- ylaminoethyl methacrylate） （PDM AEM A） was characterized by 1H NM R spectra. The polymerization provided syndio- tacticity-rich PDM AEM A. The molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of PDM AEM A were measured by gel permeation chromatography.     

酶催化分光光度法测定环境水中痕量钒

钒对牛血红蛋白模拟酶催化过氧化氢氧化罗丹明B体系有强烈的抑制作用, 据此建立了酶催化分光光度法测定痕量钒的新方法。试验从pH值、罗丹明B浓度、过氧化氢浓度、牛血红蛋白浓度和反应时间等方面探讨了体系的实验条件。在pH 9.8的NH₃·H₂O-NH₄Cl缓冲溶液中, 当罗丹明B、H₂O₂和血红蛋白的浓度分别为1.5×10^-5 mol/L、1.5×10^-4 mol/L和 2.0×10^-6 mol/L时, 测定钒的线性范围为3.1×10^-4 ~6.2×10^-3 g/L, 方法的检出限为2.1×10^-6 g/L。1 000倍Na⁺、K⁺、Cl^- 、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺ 、F^-、BrO₃^-, 500倍Ca²⁺、Fe³⁺ 、Al³⁺、 Mn²⁺、Ba²⁺、CO₃^2-, 100倍C₂O₄^2-, 5倍Cu²⁺对钒的测定没有干扰。对环境水样中痕量钒进行测定, 结果的相对标准偏差(n=7)为3.7%, 与萃取分光光度法的结果基本一致, t检验结果表明两种方法没有显著性差异。     

硫铁矿渣的固体废物属性特征表征

硫铁矿渣是我国禁止进口的固体废物,由于其外观和元素组成与赤铁矿极其相似,需准确对其属性进行鉴别。实验利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、体积密度分析和pH检测手段等对样品特征进行综合表征。与赤铁矿相比,硫铁矿渣的特征主要表现在以下几个方面:主要元素为Fe、Si、Al、S,S含量比一般赤铁矿高;主要物相为赤铁矿(Fe₂O₃)、磁铁矿(Fe₃O₄)、二氧化硅(SiO₂),少量黄铁矿(FeS₂),同时还有少量水合硫酸钙(Ca(SO₄)(H₂O)_0.5)、石膏(CaSO₄·2H₂O)等硫酸盐物相,石膏等硫酸盐是赤铁矿中不常见的矿物种类;扫描电镜及能谱分析发现样品含有很多主要成分是Fe₂O₃的球状颗粒,颗粒很细,常见结团;水浸出液的pH值为4,呈弱酸性;体积密度小于1.60 t/m³。通过以上特征,能够对硫铁矿渣的固废属性进行准确鉴别。