一种单通道SAR对多个地面动目标定位的方法

针对动目标的图像会因为存在径向速度而产生方位偏移问题,即动目标不能成像至正确的方位位置上.采用常规的用于静止目标成像的SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)方法对地面动目标成像,对单通道合成孔径雷达(Single-Channel SAR)正侧视工作模式下的多个地面动目标的定位问题进行了研究.首先分析了多个运动目标回波信号的特征,接着根据运动目标回波信号及其频谱的特征估计出了每个运动目标的多普勒中心和多普勒调频率,再利用多普勒参数的估计结果实现了距离走动校正,并计算动目标的运动参数,最后对动目标重新聚焦得到其初始时刻的图像,完成了运动目标的定位.并通过仿真实验验证了方法能准确的估计各个动目标的速度及位置参数,证明了算法的有效性.     

基于通道对消处理的 SAR 快速运动目标检测技术研究磁

论文深入研究了基于通道对消处理的 SAR 快速运动目标检测、定位和速度估计技术。基于双通道杂波对消对快速运动目标信号的的影响,提出将通道对消后的残差 SAR 图像反变换回距离压缩方位时域,通过 Radon 变换计算距离走动的斜率,得到径向速度估计,再利用 keystone 变换完成运动目标的距离走动校正。基于图像熵最小化准则,采用参数搜索法实现方位向聚焦,同时获得切向速度估计值,在实现二维聚焦的基础上完成快速运动目标检测,最后对所提出的快速运动目标检测方法进行了仿真验证。     

基于景物散焦图像的距离测量

计算机视觉中,景物三维重建的关键是从景物的图像中计算出景物目标到摄像机的距离,提出了一种基于散焦图像计算景物距离的新方法。该方法利用远心光学镜头拍摄景物图像,通过改变像检测到镜头的距离获得同一景物的两幅散焦程度不同的图像,将获得灰度图像转换成梯度图像。利用矩不变原理计算梯度图像中边缘区的大小与整个图像匹配大小的比Pe,根据两幅图像的Pe值计算出景物的深度。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性,并对该方法产生的误差进行了分析。     

一种新的基于散焦图像的深度恢复算法

由散焦图像求深度是计算机视觉中一个非常重要的课题。散焦图像中点的模糊程度随物体的深度而变化,因此可以利用散焦图像估计物体的深度信息,该方法不存在立体视觉和运动视觉中对应点的匹配问题,具有很好的应用前景。研究了一种基于散焦图像空间的深度估计算法：将散焦成像描述成热扩散过程,借助形变函数将两幅散焦图像扩张成一个散焦空间,再估计出形变参数,进而恢复物体的深度信息。最后利用实验验证了算法的有效性。     

基于散焦图像深度测量的一种新方法

提出了基于散焦图像深度测量的一种新方法．该方法采用一台带有远心镜头的CCD摄 像机,沿光轴方向移动摄像机拍摄两副图像,根据所拍摄目标图像的散焦半径与图像的大小 计算目标景物距摄像机的距离．采用远心光学镜头代替普通镜头可使图像的大小与散焦半径 之间的关系简单．该方法融合了图像的大小与散焦半径两种信息,使深度计算更加准确．由 于该方法只需要一台参数固定的CCD摄像机,可以免除图像间的配准和特征点的选取,有利 于实时系统的实现．实验结果表明该方法的有效性．     

一种精确的多接收阵合成孔径声纳距离多普勒成像算法

针对现有多接收阵合成孔径声纳算法没有考虑或低估了"停走停"近似在宽测绘带和高平台运动速度情况下带来的图像失真的现象,本文在深入分析多接收阵系统误差产生机理的基础上,提出了一种适用于宽测绘带成像的精确多接收阵合成孔径声纳距离多普勒成像算法,它舍弃了目前普遍采用的等效相位中心(DPC)近似,采用多接收子阵的精确延迟模型.算法首先对各接收子阵数据单独处理求得方位谱并进行方位向扩展,随后分别进行距离徙动校正和方位向脉压,最后将各通道的方位谱相干叠加,反傅里叶变换后得到了高分辨图像.通过点目标仿真比较,该算法在峰值旁瓣比及目标的定位等方面优于现有算法.     

一种适用于宽带条带式合成孔径声纳的相位梯度自聚焦算法

传统的相位梯度自聚焦(PGA,phase gradient autofocus)算法仅适用于窄带聚束式合成孔径成像。提出了一种适用于宽带条带式合成孔径声纳的相位梯度自聚焦(SPGA,stripmap phase gradient autofocus)算法。SPGA算法通过多普勒频移估计线性侧摆;SPGA算法消除了侧摆对回波信号包络的影响,使成像模糊仅仅是由方位向相位误差引起的,这样才可以由Dechirp后的距离压缩域数据的相位误差梯度得到侧摆的估计;SPGA算法利用估计得到的侧摆对距离徙动校正前的回波数据进行包络和相位补偿。仿真表明该算法有效地估计出了侧摆,提高了成像质量,且成像没有发生方位向偏移,明确地确定出了目标的位置。     

利用不均匀散焦模型获取景物深度信息

景物三维重建的关键之一是从景物图像中获得景物目标到摄像机的距离。研究了一种基于散焦图像的计算景物距离的算法。该方法基于不均匀散焦模型,并且只需两幅改变光圈指数得到的散焦程度不同的图像,因此可以避免图像的大小匹配问题。根据图像的点扩散函数的形式,可以通过优化的方法求得深度。模拟和真实实验表明了算法的有效性。     

运动物体位移及姿态参数的一种图像测量方法

利用散焦图像深度估计原理,给出了一种运动物体移动距离和姿态的测量方法,并对 图像特征点的获取和跟踪方法作了研究．该测量方法首先在物体上设置了四个明暗分明的圆 形特征点,然后根据物体运动过程中特征点图像边缘的模糊程度,测量计算物体沿摄像机光 轴的移动距离．当物体发生倾斜后,可由被测量的四个特征点沿光轴的移动距离值不同来计 算物体的倾斜角．该方法仅需一台摄像机,测量原理简单,计算量小,能满足实时性要求, 并具有一定的测量精度．     

海面目标运动速度的视觉估计方法

为方便快速地实现对平面直角导航坐标系下匀速直航海面目标的速度测量,提出一种立体视觉估计方法。该方法首先基于计算机视觉理论标定得到摄像机参数(包括内参数及外参数),建立立体视觉测量数学模型,然后利用光电成像设备连续获取目标图像序列,结合图像目标特征角点信息测量被测目标相对距离,同时计算得到不同时刻目标方位。在此基础上,根据目标运动几何关系,采用拟线性方法处理目标运动方程,最后实现对目标速度的最小二乘估计。通过大量仿真实验,研究了不同初始条件对目标速度估计性能的影响。结果表明,对于3000m以内航速在10Kn~30Kn的海面目标,估计精度优于0.2m/s。该方法要求简单,便于实现,所得结论可为岸基监控海面目标或水下隐蔽观测站仅利用图像信息快速判断被测目标运动态势及作战决策提供参考。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。