高效窑外分解回转窑设计及应用

我公司通过对窑筒体内流场分析等先进技术自主研制开发了高效窑外分解回转窑,达到提高窑生产效率、预分解窑的热交换效率和降低系统压损和电耗的目的,窑系统的产量较之原同规格窑外分解回转窑提高10%～15%。通过多年的生产实践证明该高效窑外分解回     

新型预分解窑降低窑衬消耗的措施

1 前言 实现新型预分解窑优质、高产、低消耗和长期安全运转是水泥厂的永恒主题。而窑系统的好与坏与窑衬的寿命有着直接的关系,窑衬的寿命又与管理、操作人员的综合素质及砌窑砖的质量有直接的关系。     

窑衬料脱落的原因及对策

窑衬料脱落的原因及对策王兆国哈尔滨水泥厂（１５００５０）水泥窑在运行过程中，窑衬频繁脱落将直接影响回转窑的产质量及燃料消耗。正确分析窑衬脱落的原因，采取切实可行的措施，对提高水泥窑运转率，降低衬料消耗具有十分重要的意义，本文就我厂３号窑衬料频繁脱落的...     

耐火材料及二级窑壳在降低水泥窑表面热损失方面的应用情况

水泥生产过程中主要热量损耗在于窑尾预热器出口废气带走热、窑系统表面向环境通过辐射及对流方式传导热量、窑头熟料冷却机余风带走热和出冷却机熟料带走热损失等.研究水泥窑尾预热器表面耗散热和回转窑筒体热回收技术,是提高水泥厂能量利用率的重要措施.为了在预分解窑更高效的使用能源审计分析.本文从能量平衡的角度分析了预分解窑系统的能源利用及损失情况,研究了耐火材料降低预热器筒热损失及利用二级窑壳回收回转窑表面余热的情况,提高水泥窑系统的能源利用率.     

浅谈新型干法窑生产中的一些体会

回转窑是新型干法生产的中心设备。要正确地操作回转窑，达到优质、高产和低消耗的目的，须从配料、窑衬选用及工艺过程等多方面综合控制。包括应根据原料资源和生产工艺条件确定合理的配料方案；选择窑衬要根据系统的结构和功能要求，对不同的带选择合适的耐火材料；工艺操作方面，窑头和分解炉要兼顾好风、煤、料及窑速的平衡，稳定篦冷机的操作等。     

预分解窑的预分解系统堵塞浅析

预分解窑是继悬浮预热器窑之后的又一次重大革新,是水泥工业发展的方向。它不仅可以大幅度提高回转窑的生产能力、节能降耗,而且可以减轻窑内煅烧带的热负荷,有利于缩小窑的规格及生产大型化。但预分解窑生产工艺存在一个难题,那就是预分解系统的堵塞。堵塞的发生不仅扰乱了整个系统的热工制度,影响窑的产质量,而且处理费时费力,甚至会造成人员烧伤。为了保证预分解窑长期安全运行,必须攻克这一难题。     

如何降低新型预分解窑窑衬的消耗

0 前言 新型预分解窑系统的好与坏与窑衬的寿命有着直接的关系,窑衬的寿命又与管理、操作人员的综合素质及窑砖砌筑的质量有直接的关系。     

回转窑高温带窑皮的粘挂及保护

众所周知,在水泥厂水泥回转窑是生产的心脏,要想保证回转窑的正常运转并提高其运转率,除了正确合理地选择和设计窑衬外,特别地要想提高回转窑烧成带及过渡带窑衬的寿命从而提高窑的运转率及降低生产成本,在烧成带及其两侧过渡带的砖衬上能否始终保持一层稳定窑皮,是砖衬使用寿命长的保证条件之一。本文主要针对上述问题着重谈谈在回转窑高温带砖衬上如何粘挂窑皮及如何保护好窑皮。     

旋风预热器窑与预分解窑的热工参数及生产能力分析

用数学分析方法对回转窑和旋风预热器的热工性能进行研究、提出窑型模数MK、窑热利用系数UK、系统热利用系数U,形成单位熟料所需的热量qc1等概念。分析回转窑规格、热工参数与生产能力之间的关系,并建立其关系式及生产能力表达式：MK;UK＝1－（1－2·k·MK）2;U＝　;GSP＝;GNSP＝。得出预热器窑的生产能力与窑的长度几乎无关,窑的散热能力是控制因素,预分解窑的分解炉能力是关键,但窑的传热能力亦是制约因素的观点。举例计算并对不同规格窑的生产能力进行分析讨论。     

浅论水泥回转窑窑型的发展

在研究水泥生产工艺技术时一直围绕三个中心:一是如何提高和保证水泥熟料和水泥的质量;二是如何提高水泥熟料的产量,以增加经济效益;三是在保证产品质量和产量的同时如何提高其热效率,即如何实现提质增效、增产降耗和节能减排这个永恒的目标而努力前行。因而相继出现了多种窑型,而且热效率愈来愈高。按其发展过程基本上可概括为干法回转窑、湿法回转窑、半干法或称半湿法的立波尔窑、悬浮预热回转窑、预分解回转窑,包括新型超短窑和高固气比窑等,窑型发展的最重要核心标志就是其热效率逐渐提高。水泥回转窑的窑型是随着水泥生产工艺技术的进步而逐渐改变的,其中最重要的核心指标就是热效率。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。