C/C泡沫预制体液相硅浸渗制备C/SiC复合材料研究

以中间相沥青浸渍整体碳毡发泡技术制备的一种新型多孔C/C泡沫复合材料为预制体,通过液相硅浸渗(LSI)工艺制备了C/SiC复合材料,研究了预制体不同孔隙率对Si浸渗及C/SiC复合材料力学性能和微观形貌的影响,分析了复合材料的物相组成和晶体结构.结果表明,采用发泡技术可以快速有效地实现C/C预制体的致密化处理.预制体孔隙率为65.41%时液相硅浸渗处理后所得复合材料性能最好,密度为2.64g/cm3,弯曲强度为137MPa,弹性模量为150GPa.纤维未作表面抗硅化涂层处理以及复合材料中存在闭孔是C/SiC复合材料性能不佳的主要原因.     

C/C多孔体对C/C-SiC复合材料制备及性能的影响

以准三维针刺碳纤维预制体,经化学气相渗透(CVI)法制备了4种密度的C/C多孔体,利用先驱体浸渍裂解法(PIP)制备了C/C-SiC复合材料,研究了C/C多孔体对C/C-SiC复合材料制备和最终性能的影响。结果表明:C/C多孔体密度越低,最终得到的C/C-SiC复合材料开孔隙率及SiC含量较高。SiC的存在使C/C-SiC材料具有较高的弯曲强度,纤维和基体界面也是影响弯曲强度的关键因素,其中密度为1.35g/cm3的C/C多孔体所制备的C/C-SiC复合材料纤维和基体之间形成较好的结合界面,其弯曲强度最大。同时,SiC含量增加可显著提高C/C-SiC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能。     

素坯密度对气相渗硅制备C/C-SiC复合材料结构与性能的影响

三维针刺碳毡经化学气相渗透(Chemical Vapor Infiltration,CVI)增密制备C/C素坯,通过气相渗硅(Gaseous Silicon Infiltration,GSI)制备C/C-SiC复合材料。研究素坯密度与CVI C层厚度及素坯孔隙率的变化规律,并分析素坯密度对C/C-SiC复合材料力学性能、热学性能的影响。结果表明:随着素坯密度增大,CVI C层变厚,孔隙率减小;C/C-SiC复合材料中残C量随之增大,残余Si量随之减小,SiC先保持较高含量(体积分数约40%),随后迅速降低,C/C-SiC复合材料密度逐渐减小,力学性能先增大后减小,而热导率及热膨胀系数降低至平稳。当素坯密度为1.085g/cm3时,复合材料力学性能最好,弯曲强度可达308.31MPa,断裂韧度为11.36MPa·m1/2。研究发现:素坯孔隙率较大时,渗硅通道足够,残余硅多,且CVI C层较薄,纤维硅蚀严重,C/C-SiC复合材料力学性能低;素坯孔隙率较小时,渗硅通道很快阻塞,Si和SiC含量少,而闭孔大且多,C/C-SiC复合材料力学性能也不高。     

CVI结合浆料浸渍法制备2D C/SiC复合材料的微观结构和力学性能

采用CVI结合浆料浸渍工艺制备2D C/SiC复合材料。研究了SiC微粉对复合材料微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当碳纤维预制沉积SiC80h后,微粉主要渗入到纤维束间。复合材料的力学强度随着渗微粉前CVI时间的增加及渗入浆料浓度的降低而增加。微粉的渗入大大降低了材料的层间剪切强度,而对材料的拉伸强度影响较小。     

注凝成型结合先驱体转化制备C/SiC复合材料研究

采用注凝成型工艺在碳纤维编织件中引入SiC微粉,然后采用先驱体转化法进一步致密化,以缩短C/SiC复合材料的制备周期.考察了不同固相含量的SiC浆料对制备周期、密度、孔隙率及力学性能的影响.结果表明,注凝成型工艺引入的SiC微粉分布在纤维束间,当固相含量达到30%(体积分数)时,后期PIP工艺周期数比PCS/二甲苯溶液反复浸渍-裂解所用周期数缩短了1/3,但引入的SiC微粉对材料力学性能影响较大.     

C/C多孔体的高温热处理对C/SiC复合材料结构及力学性能的影响

以三维针刺碳毡作为预制体,先采用树脂单向加压浸渍-热解工艺制备出C/C多孔体,再通过反应熔体浸渗法获得C/SiC复合材料。重点研究了C/C多孔体的高温热处理对C/SiC复合材料结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,C/C多孔体的高温热处理不会改变C/SiC复合材料的相组成,但可使复合材料中的SiC含量提高,C含量降低;高温热处理有利于熔融Si浸渗,使复合材料致密度增大,孔隙率降低,从而使其弯曲断裂强度提高约28%;高温热处理还可使纤维-基体界面结合强度降低,改善复合材料的断裂韧性。     

真空吸注法制备C/SiC摩擦材料及其性能

以针刺碳毡为预制体,将成品SiC粉末、酚醛树脂机械搅拌成混合浆液,采用真空吸注法制备C/SiC摩擦材料,测定了不同SiC含量摩擦材料的致密性,利用销盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究了不同接触载荷工况下C/SiC摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能,并采用USB电子显微镜观察其表面磨损形貌。研究结果表明:C/SiC复合材料的磨损率随着SiC含量的增加呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,其摩擦系数呈增加趋势,但随着接触载荷的增加其磨损率、摩擦系数均呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势。综合比较,当SiC含量为25%时,其复合材料的致密性、摩擦性能最好,磨损率为2.3×10~(-7)g·N~(-1)m~(-1),摩擦系数为0.42,密度达到1.28g/cm~3。     

PyC层对SiC纤维束及MiniSiC/SiC复合材料拉伸性能和强度分布的影响

采用等温等压化学气相浸渗法(ICVI),对原始的SiC纤维束和沉积有PyC层的SiC纤维束浸渗SiC基体,制备了纤维束复合材料SiC/SiC(Mini SiC/SiC)。分析了SiC纤维束和Mini SiC/SiC复合材料的拉伸性能,同时利用两参数Weibull分布研究了强度分布。结果表明,PyC层具有修复纤维表面缺陷的作用,SiC纤维束沉积PyC层后,纤维表面光滑而致密,表面缺陷减少,其拉伸强度、延伸率和Weibull模数分别比原始SiC纤维束提高了25%、12%和288%;且由其增强复合材料的拉伸强度、延伸率和Weibull模数分别比由原始SiC纤维束增强复合材料提高了103%、83%和340%。PyC界面层对SiC纤维表面缺陷的修复作用和对SiC纤维的保护作用以及降低复合材料裂纹敏感性的作用提高了Mini SiC/SiC复合材料的拉伸性能和Weibull模数。     

反应熔体渗透C/SiC复合材料的摩擦性能

以不同结构类型及密度的C/C复合材料为预制体,采用反应熔体渗透法制备了C/SiC复合材料,研究了不同结构C/SiC复合材料的密度、组分含量、热扩散系数与摩擦性能相互之间的关系.结果表明随着碳含量的降低,复合材料的密度增加;短切纤维C/SiC、低密度针刺C/SiC与高密度针刺C/SiC复合材料的平均摩擦系数分别为:0.28,0.28与0.42;随着热扩散系数的增加,复合材料的摩擦稳定性系数升高;并且对于短切纤维C/SiC,摩擦实验后基本形成了连续光亮的摩擦面.     

热压烧结制备SiC增强石墨复合材料及其性能

以天然鳞片石墨为起始原料,SiC颗粒为增强相,采用热压烧结工艺制备了SiC增强石墨复合材料。研究了SiC含量对SiC增强石墨复合材料微观结构、力学性能和摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:SiC颗粒均匀分布在石墨基体中,降低了基体中的孔隙率;随着SiC含量增加,SiC增强石墨复合材料的相对密度和弯曲强度相应增加,开孔率显著降低,当SiC含量达到40vol%时,SiC增强石墨复合材料中形成了SiC网络骨架结构,相对密度达到了94.2%,比商品高强纯石墨材料提高了11.8%,弯曲强度达到了146 MPa,比商品高强纯石墨材料提高了147%;基体石墨保持了层状结构;SiC含量低于40vol%时,SiC增强石墨复合材料的摩擦系数随SiC含量的增加轻微增加,与纯石墨材料的摩擦系数相当,具有良好的摩擦性能。     

Effects of microstructure on flexural strength of biomorphic C/SiC composites

Biomorphic C/SiC composites were fabricated from different kinds of wood by liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) following a two-step process. In the first-step, the wood is converted into carbon preforms by pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere. The carbon preforms are then infiltrated by silicon melt at 1,560°C under vacuum to fabricate C/SiC composites. The mechanical properties of the C/SiC composites were characterized by flexural tests at ambient temperature, 1,000, and 1,300°C, and the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure was analyzed. The flexural strength of the biomorphic composites was strongly dependent on the properties of the carbon preforms and the degree of silicon infiltration. The flexural strength increased with increasing SiC content and bulk density of composite, and with decreasing porosity in the C/SiC composite. An analysis of fractographs of fractured C/SiC composites showed a cleavage type fracture, indicating brittle fracture behavior.     

Improvement of SiCf/SiC density by slurry infiltration and tape stacking

SiC fiber-reinforced SiC–matrix ceramic composites (SiC_f/SiC) were fabricated by vacuum infiltration of a SiC slurry into Tyranno™-SA grade-3 fabrics coated with a 200 nm-thick pyrolytic carbon (PyC) layer followed by hot pressing using a transient eutectic-phase. The density of the composite was improved using a special infiltration apparatus with a pressure gradient and alternating tape insertion between fabrics. Their overall properties were compared with those of monolithic SiC and composite containing chopped fibers. Although the density of the composites decreased with increasing fiber fraction, SiC_f/SiC containing 50 vol.% fibers had a density of 3.13 g/cm³, which is the highest reported thus far. The composites containing continuous fibers had a maximum flexural strength of 607 MPa and a step increase in the stress–displacement behavior during the three-point bending test due to fiber reinforcement, which was not observed in the monolith.     

Al粉作为活性填料对PIP法SiCf/SiC复合材料性能的影响

利用2.5D SiC纤维预制件,通过前驱体浸渍裂解法（PIP法）制备SiCf/SiC复合材料,通过在第一次浸渍浆料中加入活性Al粉和惰性颗粒SiC粉来提高浸渍效率.研究了活性填料的加入以及纤维表面热解碳层的厚度对材料性能的影响.结果表明,由于Al粉在热解过程中与含碳有机小分子发生化学反应生成新的物相,使得复合材料的力学性能得到了很大的提高,在1200℃经过六个周期的浸渍裂解后,复合材料的三点弯曲强度达到441MPa,比例极限应力达到380MPa.在200～500nm厚度范围内,热解碳的厚度对复合材料的抗弯强度影响不明显.复合材料的弹性模量随着热解碳层厚度的增加而降低.     

Process and mechanical properties of carbon/carbon–silicon carbide composite reinforced with carbon nanotubes grown in situ

A hierarchical C_f/C–SiC composite was fabricated via in situ growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on fiber cloths following polymer impregnation and pyrolysis process. The effects of CNTs grown in situ on mechanical properties of the composite, such as flexural strength, fracture toughness, crack propagation behavior and interfacial bonding strength, were evaluated. Fiber push-out test showed that the interfacial bonding strength between fiber and matrix was enhanced by CNTs grown in situ. The propagation of cracks into and in fiber bundles was impeded, which results in decreased crack density and a “pull-out of fiber bundle” failure mode. The flexural strength was increased while the fracture toughness was not improved significantly due to the decreased crack density and few interfacial debonding between fiber and matrix, although the local toughness can be improved by the pull-out of CNTs.     

Effects of pyrolysis processes on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Cf/SiC composites using polycarbosilane

Three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide composites (3D-B C_f/SiC) were prepared through eight cycles of vacuum infiltration of polycarbosilane (PCS) and subsequent pyrolysis under an inert atmosphere. The influences of heating rate and pyrolysis temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of C_f/SiC were discussed. It was found that the heating rate had great effect on the mechanical properties of C_f/SiC composites. With the increase of heating rate, the density of C_f/SiC composites increased and the interfacial bonding was weakened. As a result, the flexural strength of C_f/SiC was enhanced from 145 to 480 MPa when the heating rate was increased from 0.5 to 15 °C/min. The results showed that the flexural strength of the C_f/SiC composites fabricated at a heating rate of 15 °C/min could be increased from 480 to 557 MPa if the pyrolysis temperature of the sixth cycle was elevated from 1200 to 1600 °C, which was also attributed to the desirable interfacial structure and increased density. When tested at 1300 °C in vacuum, the C_f/SiC showed higher flexural strength (680 MPa) than that (557 MPa) at room temperature.     

裂解工艺对先驱体转化制备Cf/SiC材料结构与性能的影响

以聚碳硅烷(PCS)/二乙烯基苯(DVB)为先驱体,经8个周期的反复真空浸渍-交联-裂解处理制备出三维编织碳纤维增强碳化硅(3D-B C_f/SiC)复合材料,考察了裂解工艺对材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明:提高裂解升温速率可以提高材料密度,形成较理想的界面结合,从而提高材料的力学性能。裂解温度对材料性能也有较大的影响,C_f/SiC复合材料在第6个周期采用1600℃ 裂解可以弱化纤维与基体之间的界面,提高材料致密度,材料的力学性能也得到较大改善。裂解升温速率为15℃/min,第6个周期采用1600℃裂解制备的C_f/SiC材料性能较好,弯曲强度达到556.7 MPa。      

短碳纤维增强碳化硅基复合材料的制备与力学性能

利用注浆成型结合反应烧结的方法制备了高强度短碳纤维增强碳化硅基复合材料, 研究了分散剂(四甲基氢氧化铵)的含量和混料时间对浆料粘度的影响; 短碳纤维的体积分数、碳化硅粉的粒径对复合材料微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明, 添加0.1wt%的四甲基氢氧化铵得到的浆料粘度最低, 混料时间控制在6 h为佳。添加35vol%短碳纤维的复合材料的弯曲强度达到(412±47) MPa。由5 μm粒径碳化硅粉制备的复合材料的力学性能最佳, 其弯曲强度可达(387±40) MPa。将5与50 μm粒径的碳化硅粉进行2 : 1混合后得到的复合材料的力学性能优异, 弯曲强度可达(357±41) MPa。     

rGO/SiC复合材料的制备与性能研究

碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷具有优异的力学性能, 但是其断裂韧性相对较低。石墨烯的引入有望解决碳化硅陶瓷的断裂韧性较低的问题。本研究采用热压烧结工艺, 制备了具有不同还原-氧化石墨烯(rGO)掺入量的SiC复合材料。经过2050℃保温、40 MPa保压1 h后, 所制备的复合材料均烧结致密。对复合材料中rGO的掺入量、微观结构和力学性能的相互关系进行分析和讨论。加入4wt%的rGO后, 复合材料的三点抗弯强度达到564 MPa, 比热压SiC陶瓷提高了6%; 断裂韧性达到4.02 MPa•m^1/2, 比热压SiC陶瓷提高了54%。加入6wt%的rGO后, 复合材料的三点抗弯强度达到420 MPa, 略低于热压SiC陶瓷, 但其断裂韧性达到4.56 MPa•m^1/2, 比热压SiC陶瓷提高了75%。裂纹扩展微观结果显示, 主要增韧机理有裂纹偏转、裂纹桥连和rGO片的拔出。     

成形压力对SiC/TiB2复合材料组织与性能的影响

基于熔融Si浸渗法制备出较致密的SiC/TiB₂复合材料, 并研究了坯体成形压力对SiC/TiB₂复合材料致密度、相组成、显微组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明, 复合材料由TiB₂、SiC和Si相组成。SiC/TiB₂复合材料的显微组织特征为: TiB₂相和SiC相均匀分布, 游离Si填充在TiB₂相和SiC相的空隙处, 且形成了连续相。随成形压力的增大, 复合材料中游离Si含量降低, TiB₂颗粒尺寸减小, 复合材料的力学性能先增加后降低。坯体最佳成形压力为200 MPa, 对应SiC/TiB₂复合材料的体积密度、开口气孔率、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度分别为3.63 g/cm³、0.90%、(354±16) MPa、(6.8±0.2) MPa·m^1/2和(21.0±1.1) GPa。