白炭黑和炭黑在轮胎胎面胶配方中的比较

首先，我们通过比较ＳＢＲ炭黑和ＳＢＲ白炭黑硫化胶的各种物理性能，研究了ＳＢＲ炭黑硫化胶的滚动阻力［ｔｇδ（５０℃，１５Ｈｚ）］和耐湿滑性［ｔｇδ（０℃，１５Ｈｚ）］的实验室指标是否也适用于ＳＢＲ白炭黑硫化胶。ＳＢＲ白炭黑硫化胶的移动因子（ｌｏｇａＴ）、ｔｇδ值（０℃，１５Ｈｚ）以及摩擦系数μ值对温度的依赖关系几乎与ＳＢＲ炭黑硫化胶的相同。因此，我们决定将这些指标用作ＳＢＲ白炭黑硫化胶性能实验室试验的量度。接着，我们研究了ＳＢＲ的微观结构及其改性方法对ＳＢＲ白炭黑硫化胶的这些指标和蓝朋（Ｌａｍｂｏｕｒｎ）磨耗性能的影响。苯乙烯含量及玻璃化温度（Ｔｇ）对ｔｇδ（５０℃，１５Ｈｚ）和蓝朋磨耗性能有影响。分批聚合溶液丁苯橡胶（Ｓ－ＳＢＲ）的ｔｇδ（５０℃，１５Ｈｚ）比乳液丁苯橡胶（Ｅ－ＳＢＲ）和连续聚合Ｓ－ＳＢＲ低。Ｔｇ对０℃，１５Ｈｚ时的ｔｇδ具有显著影响。在ＳＢＲ白炭黑硫化胶中未观察到改性方法对物理性能的影响。这是ＳＢＲ白炭黑硫化胶和ＳＢＲ炭黑硫化胶的主要差别。通过Ｓ（动态应变振幅），Ｇ′（动态贮存模量）和ｔｇδ（１５０℃）可以解释ＳＢＲ白炭黑硫化胶的滚动阻力为何较低。     

纳米白炭黑/炭黑并用对SBR硫化胶性能的影响

研究了纳米白炭黑／炭黑并用体系对ＳＢＲ硫化胶物理性能及磨耗形态的影响,并提出了补强模型。结果表明,纳米白炭黑／炭黑并用体系可提高补强效果,当其并用比为６／２４时,硫化胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度最大,耐磨性最佳。硫化胶补强性能的提高,一方面需要粒子与大分子之间有较强的结合力,另一方面还需要粒子表面上的产生滑移。     

原油介质中丁腈橡胶与氟橡胶的磨损性能

在原油介质（不含砂）中以丁腈橡胶（ＮＢＲ）和氟橡胶（ＦＰＭ）与４５＃钢配副为研究对象,采用ＭＰＶ－６００型微机控磨粒磨损试验机研究了２种硫化胶的摩擦磨损性能,通过扫描电子显微镜及能量色散Ｘ射线分析表征了硫化胶的磨痕表面形貌及化学元素含量。结果表明,在载荷为１００Ｎ的条件下,ＮＢＲ硫化胶的摩擦因数随着转速的增大而增加,当转速超过２５０ｒ／ｍｉｎ时,摩擦因数略有下降;ＦＰＭ 硫化胶的摩擦因数随着转速的增大而呈线性增加;ＦＰＭ硫化胶的磨损量略小于ＮＢＲ硫化胶;ＮＢＲ及ＦＰＭ硫化胶的磨损机制均以疲劳磨损为主,低转速下橡胶磨痕比较明显,磨痕由循环应力引起的裂纹萌生和扩展造成;磨损前ＮＢＲ硫化胶表面主要有Ｃ、Ｏ、Ｎ、Ｓ、Ｓｉ等化学元素,磨损后Ｃ元素含量减少,Ｏ元素含量增加,其他化学元素无明显变化;磨损前ＦＰＭ硫化胶表面有Ｃ、Ｏ、Ｆ、Ｓ、Ｓｉ等化学元素,磨损后Ｃ元素和Ｏ元素含量均有所增加,而Ｆ元素含量明显减少。     

反式-1，4-聚异戊二烯硫化胶及其共混硫化胶的研究

研究了反式－１，４－聚异戊二烯（ＴＰＩ）硫化胶及其与ＢＲ，ＳＢＲ，ＮＲ共混硫化胶的性能。结果表明，通过控制硫黄用量即交联密度，可使ＴＰＩ硫化胶具有优异的力学和动态力学性能；ＴＰＩ与ＢＲ，ＳＢＲ，ＮＲ共混，工艺性能良好，当ＴＰＩ／ＢＲ，ＴＰＩ／ＳＢＲ和ＴＰＩ／ＮＲ共混比小于５０／５０时，共混硫化胶的力学和动态力学性能优于ＢＲ，ＳＢＲ和ＮＲ硫化胶，特别是拉伸疲劳寿命大大延长，这正是高性能轮胎所需要的     

稀土BR／SBR共混胶的性能

研究了４种共混比的ＬｎＢＲ／ＳＢＲ共混生胶、混炼胶及硫化胶的性能，并与ＮｉＢＲ／ＳＢＲ共混胶进行了对比。结果表明，共混生胶的ＭＬ均低于ＬｎＢＲ及ＳＢＲ；当ＬｎＢＲ／ＳＢＲ共混混炼胶的ＭＬ、剪切应力、出口膨胀及硫化速度均低于ＮｉＢＲ／ＳＢＲ共混胶，挤出物外观优于后者；共混硫化胶的拉伸强度、热空气老化、拉伸疲劳、湿滑、耐磨等性能均明显优于后者，生热和透气率高于后者。     

不同共混比Ln—BR／NR的性能

研究了稀土顺丁橡胶（Ｌｎ－ＢＲ）与天然橡胶（ＮＲ）以不同比例共混后生胶、混炼胶和硫化胶的性能，并与相同条件下的镍系顺丁橡胶（Ｎｉ－ＢＲ）／ＮＲ共混胶的性能进行了对比，结果表明，共混胶随Ｌｎ－ＢＲ用量的增大，ＭＬ＾１００℃１＋４降低，工艺行为良好，硫化胶力学性能、磨耗、湿滑指数和生热值下降，并且Ｌｎ－ＢＲ／ＮＲ硫化胶的抗湿滑性和动态疲劳性均优于Ｎｉ－ＢＲ／ＮＲ硫化胶。     

改性溶聚丁苯橡胶在轮胎中的应用

研究了聚合物链端改性对降低炭黑填充硫化胶滞后损失的影响。测试了用几种不同方法改性的ＳＢＲ硫化胶的物理性能。从这些结果中看出，用锡化合物或异氰酸酯改性的ＳＢＲ，在５０℃下的ｔｇδ值较小，表明它们的滞后损失小。此外，这两种体系还表现出良好的Ｐａｙｎｅ效应、耐磨性和加工性能。     

纳米材料改性胶粉的试验研究

研究了两种纳米材料１４１３１和１４１３２改性８０目胶粉对ＮＲ／ＳＢＲ胶料硫化特性和硫化胶物理性能的影响。试验结果表明,在ＮＲ／ＳＢＲ并用胶中加入１５份胎面再生胶和８０目改性胶粉,胶料的硫化特性有微小差异;用内米材料１４１３１和１４１３２改性８０目胶粉的ＮＲ／ＳＢＲ硫化胶的邵尔Ａ型硬度和３００％定伸应力稍有提高,扯断伸长率下降,耐磨性能提高。     

锡偶联型SSBR的动态行为

研究了锡产型ＳＳＢＲ混炼胶及其硫化胶的动态力学性能,并与ＥＳＢＲ做了对比。结果表明,锡偶联型ＳＳＢＲ混炼胶比ＥＳＢＲ,的弛豫速度快,挤出胀在效应小,塑／弹比随频率减小的幅度大;锡偶联型ＳＳＢＲ硫化胶的ｔａｎδ比ＥＳＢＲ的小,生热低;日本产牌号为ＳＬ５５２胶料的ｔａｎδ随形变而增值幅度小的现象的体现了锡偶联结构有助于炭黑的高度分散及提高大分子与炭黑间结合强度。     

HNBR/EPDM共混物结构与性能研究

分别采用过氧化物和硫给予体作交联剂,考察了不同共混比对氢化丁腈橡胶（ＨＮＢＲ）／ＥＰＤＭ共混物性能的影响,并能力ＤＳＣ和ＴＥＭ分析了共混物的相容性,对两胶的共硫化也作了初步探讨。结果表明,两种硫化体系硫化的共混胶扯断伸长率保持率均在６０％以上,都具有优异的耐热氧老化性能。随ＨＮＢＲ用量增大,共混物的定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度均提高,磨耗明显降低。ＨＮＢＲ和ＥＰＤＭ为不相容体系,但硫化仪曲线显示二     

天然橡胶不同硫化体系磨耗微观结构的研究

通过对天然橡胶不同硫化体系硫化胶磨耗前后的红外光谱分析，得知常温下硫化胶的磨耗历程是具有氧化反应的力化学反应，单，双硫键较多的硫化胶具有较好的耐磨性。     

不同合成工艺的聚醚多元醇对聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响

分别采用低不饱和度聚醚多元醇DL-1000D和氧氧化钾体系聚醚多元醇DL-1000与TDI-80反应合成出聚氨酯预聚体,比较了2种不同聚醚多元醇合成预聚体的工艺性能、预聚体的稳定性和由它们合成聚氨酯弹性体制品的力学性能和耐磨性能。结果表明,二者的丁艺性能和稳定性相当,采用前者合成的聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能比后者高10％左右,耐磨性能按阿克隆磨耗测试提高17．6％。     

Modifiziertes Fibrillierverhalten von lösungsgesponnenen Cellulosefasern durch Umsetzungen mit Reaktivfarbstoffen

The macroscopic symptoms of the high crystallinity of solvent-spun cellulosic fibres appear as a specific tendency to fibrillation, if the swollen fibres are exposed to mechanical stress. The method of proving such fibrillations is the wet abrasion. An increase of the binding forces between the fibril structural elements of the solvent-spun cellulosic fibres results in a reduction of fibrillation. The reinforced bonds are also reflected in increased wet abrasion numbers. By reaction with solvent-spun cellulosic fibres, mono- as well as bi(poly)functional reactive dyestuffs can increase the wet abrasion number. This fact could indicate crosslinking processes between cellulosic chains. The effect of monofunctional reactive dyestuffs with two reactive centres in one reactive group is imaginable as a partial crosslinking realised by covalent and hydrogen bridge bonds. Essentially higher wet abrasion numbers can be achieved with bifunctional reactive dyestuffs. By means of the wet abrasion test it was found that there is a relation between the structural characteristics of the dyestuff and its ability to form crosslinking bridges. In this case the arrangement of the reactive groups on the chromophore and the constitution of the chromophore play an important role. Furthermore, the wet abrasion number is influenced by the concentration of the reactive dyestuff and by the dyeing conditions, for example electrolyte quantity, pH-value and dyeing temperature.     

Crosslinking of unfilled carboxylated nitrile rubber with different systems: Influence on properties

The presence of two functional groups, nitrile and carboxyl, in carboxylated nitrile rubber allows it to be crosslinked with different agents. In this study, we examined the influence of different crosslinking agents on the properties of unfilled carboxylated nitrile rubber. Significant differences were found when different crosslinking agents were used, as shown in the vulcanization curves, especially in the variation of the viscous component with the reaction time. The reaction rate was highest when organic peroxide was used, and it was lowest when metallic peroxide or copper sulfate was used. When the crosslinking agents led to the formation of ionic bonds (metallic oxide and metallic peroxide), the carboxylic groups ? COOH had a greater participation in the crosslinking. However, when copper sulfate was used, coordination bonds were formed, and the main contribution was due to the nitrile groups. Tensile strength, tear strength, and abrasion properties were superior when the crosslinking systems used led to the formation of ionic bonds. On the contrary, the compression set was optimum when covalent bonds were formed. Copper sulfate behaved as an intermediate between the two previous situations. The mechanodynamic response of the compounds also depended on the crosslinking agent used. The correlation between crosslink density by swelling in dichloromethane, maximum damping temperature by dynamic measurements, and glass‐transition temperature by differential scanning calorimetry had to be explained in terms of the crosslink type. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Electro-optic materials from co-polymeric elastomer-acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)

Recently, we demonstrated that conjugated sequences of unsaturated double bonds can be introduced into co-polymers such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), which contains isolated double bonds along the polymer backbone through conjugation reactions induced by iodine [Sreeja R. Submitted for publication [1]]. Here, we report for the first time the doping reaction in another notable co-polymer nitrile rubber, a co-polymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene. The conductivity reaches a value of about 0.01 S/cm with the characteristic color change from colorless to dark red upon doping. FT-IR and UV/VIS studies of the polymer film establish the formation of conjugated sequences of the unsaturated double bonds followed by the formation of charge transfer complexes with the dopant ion. The reaction is analogous to the iodine doping of SBR for longer doping period and retained flexibility of the film after doping. However, the band gap evaluated is greater for NBR and this increase can be explained as due to the presence of electron withdrawing -CN groups in place of electron releasing phenyl group in the SBR backbone, which can cause a partial influence on the chemical reaction along the polymer backbone. The excellent oil resistance, abrasion resistance and mechanical properties of NBR combined with the newly developed semi conducting behaviour can be utilized for fabricating various electronic and optical devices based on this elastomer.     

Influence of vinyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester on performance of films obtained by UV-initiated thiol–ene click reaction of A<Subscript>2</Subscript> + B<Subscript>3</Subscript> system

UV curing technology has become an efficient method to fabricate films with desirable properties, although it is susceptible to oxygen inhibition, resulting in low conversion of double bonds and poor mechanical performance. Thiol–ene click reaction can overcome the shortcomings of common UV curing techniques. In this paper, the vinyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester (VTDP) was incorporated into the curing system of di-ene (A₂) and trithiol (B₃). Trithiols, including 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (THMP) and trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMMP), were synthesized by an esterification between 3-mercaptopropionic acid and 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, and tri(hydroxymethyl)propane, respectively. The UV-initiated thiol–ene click reaction between 1,4-butanediol diacrylate (BDDA) and trithiols (TMMP and THMP) was researched by adjusting different VTDP content. FTIR spectral analysis showed that the thiol–ene reactions proceeded smoothly and the conversion degree of acrylic groups was higher than that of thiol groups. The pencil hardness and abrasion resistance of the cured film increased first and then decreased with the increase in VTDP content, but both their flexibility and adhesion had little change. Their glass transition temperatures increased slightly with the increase in VTDP content. THMP has better positive effect than TMMP on the pencil hardness, abrasion resistance and thermal performance of the cured film.     

Effect of annealing temperature and time on structure and performance of poly(vinyl)alcohol nanocomposite membranes

The importance of annealing process in tuning the morphological properties of membranes is obvious. In this study, poly(vinyl)alcohol as a continuous phase in nanocomposite membranes was crosslinked by mixed silanes. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTEOS) as two kinds of silane coupling agents go through cohydrolization and cocondensation reactions during sol–gel process to create nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. The condensation reaction is endothermic, which leads to formation of linking bonds between silica nanoparticles and polymer chains during dehydration process. This reaction is sensitive to temperature and time of annealing. The results showed that the PAT33 nanocomposite membrane performs much better separation than other prepared membranes. In this work, effects of annealing temperature and time on physicochemical properties of the prepared nanocomposite membranes and their pervaporation performance were investigated. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Electrocatalysis of chlorine evolution on different materials and its influence on the performance of an electrochemical reactor for indirect oxidation of pollutants

Two different Ti/Pt–Ir materials (commercial and home made) and Ti/PdO + Co₃O₄ were investigated for their electrocatalytic properties versus Cl₂ evolution reaction. The materials were used in a batch electrochemical reactor to treat biologically recalcitrant di-azo compound. An electrochemically driven oxidation, mediated by a Cl₂/Cl⁻ couple, proved efficient for destruction of this complex organic molecule, causing cleavage of the conjugated double bonds and destruction of unsatured bonds. Both Ti/Pt–Ir materials performed well; lower kinetics obtained with the Ti/PdO + Co₃O₄ anode was caused by adsorption of the model compound, evidenced in preliminary voltammetric measurements. The dye oxidation reaction followed the second order kinetics with partial orders in the model compound and (time varying) chlorine concentrations equal to one. Specific energy consumption of 3.12 kWh m⁻³ proved the process more economic than the homogeneous phase oxidation.     

The effects of natural astaxanthin-modified silica on properties of natural rubber

Natural astaxanthin is a natural substance extracted from algae such as Haematococcus pluvialis. Its molecular structure contains conjugated double bonds as well as keto and hydroxyl groups, and therefore it has high activity. In this research, natural astaxanthin was used to modify the surface of the silica, and its effects on natural rubber vulcanization properties, physical and mechanical properties, dynamic properties, and antiaging properties were studied by means of rubber process analyzer, dynamic mechanical anaylsis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that natural astaxanthin-modified silica could reduce the degree of delayed vulcanization. At the same time, the resilience and abrasion resistance of the obtained vulcanizates were increased. The DIN abrasion volume of the vulcanizates modified and reinforced by the second strategy decreased by 19.2% and 23.6%, respectively; the Payne effect of the natural astaxanthin-modified silica/NR composites was weakened, and the dispersibility of the filler and the compatibility with the rubber matrix was significantly improved. Regardless of which strategy was used to modify the silica, the vulcanizates had a lower rolling resistance. Specially, it could greatly improve the hot air aging resistance property of rubber. Natural astaxanthin as being a renewable feedstock is expected to have a quite broad applications in the rubber industry. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 136, 47287.     

Preparation and properties of dual-cure polyurethane acrylate

Dual-cure polyurethane acrylates (PUA) with different double bonds content were synthesized by using aliphatic polyisocyanate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). The molecular structures were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Molecular weight (M_w) and glass-transition temperature (T_g) of PUA were measured by gel permeation chromatography and DSC, respectively. The pendulum hardness, pencil hardness, flexibility and abrasion resistance properties of dual-cure system were tested, the results indicated that the pendulum hardness, pencil hardness, and MEK resistance increased, but the flexibility reduced with the double bonds content increased. The mechanical properties of dual-cure system were greatly improved after the heat treatment.