X100管线钢焊接冷裂纹敏感性研究

采用插销试验方法和焊接HAZ最高硬度试验方法,研究了X100管线钢焊接HAZ的冷裂纹敏感性。结果表明,X100管线钢在不预热条件下,临界断裂应力σcr为740 MPa,大于0.75Rt 0.5(Rt 0.5为763 MPa);最高硬度为HV10281.2,低于临界硬度HV10350,整个断口为韧窝-部分解理组成的混合断口,即抗冷裂纹性好,对冷裂纹不敏感;当其他条件不变,对X100管线钢进行50℃预热,其临界断裂应力σcr为800 MPa,与不预热相比较,抗冷裂纹性能得到提高,通过预热可以提高冷裂纹的敏感性。     

CO2气保焊条件下ZG20MnMo钢热影响区氢致裂纹的研究

用插销试验法研究了CO2气保焊条件下ZG20MnMo钢热影响区(HAZ)的氢致裂纹敏感性、裂纹形貌及产生裂纹的主要原因。结果表明：在不预热和16kJ／cm线能量条件下，ZG20MnMo钢热影响区的氢致裂纹敏感性很强，临界断裂应力(σcr)只有60MPa，D((σNT-σcr)／σNT，σNT，为无氢时的抗断强度)值高达96％。断口具有典型的氢致延迟裂纹特征，断口形貌与拘束应力水平有关。低应力水平条件下，断裂方式为冰糖状的沿晶(IG) 氢致准解理穿晶(QCHE)，而且出现较多沿晶界和板条界二次裂纹；高应力水平时，主要为冰糖状的IG，QCHE比例减少，而且QCHE中撕裂棱的塑性变形和二次裂纹都明显减少。氢致裂纹的产生主要与HAZ的淬硬程度高有关，近缝区形成粗大的马氏体组织，硬度值高达493HV，这种组织容易发生氢脆，氢脆指标I(I=801gHV-130(％))为85．2％，即使氢的含量很低，HAZ也会萌生裂纹并扩展。     

国产X80钢焊接冷裂敏感性的插销试验

用插销试验法研究了实心焊丝CO2气保焊根焊条件下X80管线钢的冷裂纹敏感性及断口特征.结果表明,预热100℃条件下X80钢的抗冷裂性好,临界断裂应力σcr为624 MPa,与其抗拉强度相当.当拘束拉伸应力高于抗拉强度时,将发生失效断裂,断裂性质为延性断裂断口.CO2气保焊进行根焊焊接时,X80钢的抗冷裂性好,与该方法能得到超低氢的焊接条件有关,此外还与该钢的裂纹敏感系数(0.17%)不高,HAZ淬硬不明显有关.焊接接头过热区的组织主要为块状铁素体,最高硬度297 HV.     

大线能量低焊接裂纹敏感性钢的显微组织

简要叙述了新研制的大线能量焊接低焊接裂纹敏感性调质高强度钢的特点.研制的新钢种属低碳低合金高强钢,集高强度(σs≥490 MPa、σb≥610 MPa)、高韧性(-20℃时横向Akv≥47 J)、优异的焊接性能(厚度≤50 mm钢板焊前不需预热或稍加预热而不产生冷裂纹)于一体,并能承受大线能量(≥50 kJ/cm)焊接.研究了模拟焊接热影响粗晶区(CGHAZ)的微观组织结构特征及其与力学性能的关系.结果表明:CGHAZ中复合夹杂物可促进针状铁素体的形成,针状铁素体的数量与输入线能量有关并显著影响CGHAZ的力学性能.     

国产X70管线钢的硫化氢应力腐蚀性能及其焊接性

针对在含H2S的介质中，不同成分条件的国产管线钢H2S应力腐蚀开裂(Sulfide stress corrosion cracking，SSCC)性能、焊接性分别采用恒载荷法及插销试验法进行了研究；对插销试样断口进行了电子显微镜分析。试验结果表明，不同C、Mn、P含量的国产X70管线钢在相同的试验条件下具有不同的SSCC断裂时间与断裂应力。其原因主要是由于它们的Mn、P元素含量的不同引起的，而不是C元素；采用LINCOLN E6010焊条，预热70℃时的临界应力σcr=630MPa，不预热时的σcr=610MPa，即预热可以使国产X70管线钢的临界应力明显提高；插销试样的断口形貌是由解理断裂、准解理断裂和韧窝断裂构成的混合型断口。     

预热对30CrMnSiNi2A超高强钢焊接冷裂纹敏感性的影响

冷裂纹是30CrMnSiNi2A超高强钢焊接面临的主要问题之一.采用插销冷裂纹试验研究了预热温度对30CrMnSiNi2A钢的冷裂纹敏感性的影响,并采用扫描电镜对插销试样进行了断口分析.结果表明,当预热温度在20～400℃范围内,焊接接头冷裂纹敏感性随预热温度的提高而显著降低;插试样的冷裂纹扩展区断口为沿晶与解理形貌2种,随着预热温度的升高,沿晶形貌所占比例逐渐减少,解理形貌比例增加.     

NH35q耐大气腐蚀钢冷裂敏感性试验研究

本文介绍了ＮＨ３５ｑ耐大气腐蚀钢冷裂敏感性试验研究结果，分析了该钢的化学成分对焊接冷裂纹敏感性的影响，并提出了为防止焊接产生冷裂纹应采用的合适预热温度。     

大拘束度ZG20MnMo钢焊缝裂纹分析及处理

对ZG20MnMo钢大拘束度焊缝裂纹,采用插销试验方法,在不同的预热温度下,对试件进行临界断裂应力、金相与断口形貌分析,找出该钢焊缝产生裂纹的原因及主要影响因素,提出了防止ZG20MnMo钢大拘束度焊缝产生裂纹的措施.     

准贝氏体耐磨钢板焊接性能的研究

利用埋弧自动焊及手工电弧焊焊接试验，研究了准贝氏体钢耐磨板的焊接热裂纹及冷裂纹敏感性，结果表明，150℃以上预热斜Y型坡口焊接冷裂纹率为零；不预热焊接热裂纹敏感性较低；焊接接头具有良好的强韧性。     

Q960E高强钢焊接试验研究

采用斜Y形坡口焊接裂纹试验分析了Q960E钢的焊接接头裂纹敏感性,研究了焊接工艺对焊接接头性能和组织的影响。试验研究结果表明:采用自制的实心焊丝配合φ(Ar)80%+φ(CO_2)20%保护气焊接厚度为25 mm的Q960E高强钢,当预热温度达到180℃以上时,可有效防止焊接冷裂纹的产生。采用合理的焊接工艺焊接Q960E钢对接接头,焊接接头的综合性能良好,能够满足工程需要。焊接接头焊缝中心的板条状马氏体和下贝氏体组织,热影响区板条状马氏体和粒状贝氏体组织保证了焊接接头的良好强度和韧性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.