煤层上覆岩层力学性质随赋存深度变化试验

为获得煤层上覆岩层力学性质随赋存深度变化的规律,钻孔选取从地表到煤层的所有完整岩石,通过室内力学试验获取相应力学参数.试验结果表明:试样的天然密度、抗拉强度、单轴抗压强度和弹性模量等随着赋存深度增加而增大,吸水率、泊松比随着赋存深度增加而减小;试样力学性质除了与赋存深度有关外,还与岩性有直接关系;试验数据的离散性随着赋存深度增加而增大.造成试验数据离散性的原因除构造应力、煤层采动及温度影响外,主要是砂岩等沉积岩试样内部颗粒随着应力解除而重新耦合.     

受酸腐蚀砂岩的损伤特性和分析模型

为研究受酸腐蚀砂岩的微细观结构与宏观力学参数之间的相关性,基于物性试验及单轴力学试验,对受不同pH值盐酸腐蚀不同阶段的砂岩质量和力学参数进行实时监测,借助电镜图像处理技术,得到腐蚀砂岩孔隙结构特征参数,计算其孔隙分形维数,基于Lemaitre应变等效原理,建立了基于孔隙率的化学损伤变量,推导出砂岩的本构模型.结果 表明...     

超轻质水泥基复合材料基本力学性能

为探究超轻质水泥基复合材料(ultra lightweight cement composite,ULCC)的基本力学性能及应力-应变曲线本构关系.以粉煤灰空心微珠为唯一轻质微集料,以水泥和硅灰为胶凝材料,以高效减水剂和减缩剂为外加剂,配制了钢纤维体积掺量为1%,表观密度介于1 250~1 550 kg/m3,轴心抗压强度介于47.9~70.0 MPa的4种不同密度等级的ULCC.对其分别进行单轴抗压和单轴抗拉试验,分别研究了ULCC的轴心抗压和轴心抗拉力学性能,测得了ULCC材料轴心抗压强度、轴心抗拉强度、弹性模量、泊松比及单轴抗压和单轴抗拉应力-应变曲线.结果表明:ULCC的抗压强度、抗拉强度和弹性模量均随密度的增加而增加; ULCC的轴心抗压强度和弹性模量与密度呈较强线性相关性.轴心抗拉试验结果表明ULCC抗拉应力-应变曲线关系呈现明显的峰后平台段,ULCC材料具有良好的拉伸变形能力.根据试验测得的ULCC单轴抗压和单轴抗拉应力-应变全曲线,建立了ULCC单轴抗压和单轴抗拉的分段式应力-应变本构方程.研究成果可为ULCC结构的设计和非线性有限元计算提供理论依据.     

基于RFPA的砾石对砂砾岩破裂影响规律研究

为研究砾石尺寸及强度特征对砂砾岩裂纹扩展模式和力学参数的影响。采用岩石破裂过程模拟系统RFPA,建立了非均质的砂砾岩岩心模型,研究了砾石尺寸及力学性质变化对砂砾岩岩心抗压强度、杨氏模量、泊松比等弹性力学参数的变化规律。结果表明,随砾石尺寸的增加,岩心模型的泊松比与杨氏模量逐渐增加,强度先减小后增大,且不同砾石尺寸的岩心裂纹形态基本一致;随砾石强度的增大,岩石单轴抗压强度逐渐增大,而后基本保持不变,主要由基质强度决定。研究结果真实再现了砂砾岩裂纹萌生、扩展过程,得到了砾石尺寸及强度对岩心破裂的影响规律。     

丹江口水库岩石物理力学性能试验研究

通过丹江口水库库区代表岩样物理力学性能试验研究,得到岩样基本物理参数及其在干燥状态、自然状态和饱和状态下的单轴抗压强度、弹性系数和岩石软化系数。试验结果表明,岩石抗压强度随弹性模量的增加而增加,岩石弹性模量与孔隙率具有一定的关系,岩石吸水后强度弱化程度与孔隙率和岩石矿物成分密切相关,并且建立了岩石单轴抗压强度与弹性模量,孔隙率与弹性模量之间关系式。岩样的最终破坏形式可归纳为6种。研究成果可为丹江口水库诱发地震评价研究提供基础数据和参考。     

温度对深部岩石力学性质的影响

处于地温环境中的深部岩石,其力学特性与地表岩石有极大差异.温度对岩石力学性质的影响机理包括:矿物颗粒热膨胀;含水性及比例;岩石孔 隙结构;矿物结构及成分.随温度增加,岩石变形特征从脆性向塑性变化,峰值强度降低,弹性模量降低,压密阶段应变变长,线弹性阶段的应变降低,峰后阶段的应变增加,抗压强度降低,弹性模量降低.     

建筑垃圾细料生产流动化回填材料的性能

以灰砂比0.03、0.05和0.08,粉砂比0、0.05、0.1、0.15和0.2为设计参数,对建筑垃圾回填材料进行设计。通过试验对回填材料的流动性(流动度、泌水率)、无侧限抗压强度以及应力应变曲线、本构关系模型和弹性模量等进行研究。研究结果表明:回填材料的流动度受水固比影响较大,两者接近线性关系;流动度在200~250 mm范围,泌水率在4%~8%之间;回填材料抗压强度与灰砂比和水固比之间存在很好的幂指数关系;回填材料应力应变曲线形状与普通混凝土的相似,在此基础上提出回填材料的本构关系模型;回填材料无侧限抗压强度与弹性模量之间存在很好的指数关系。     

考虑含水率影响的红砂岩损伤统计模型

为了描述红砂岩在不同含水率条件下的力学特性,通过对不同含水率的红砂岩进行单轴压缩试验,分析了含水率变化对其强度和变形特性的影响.结果表明：含水率小于3%时,红砂岩有较高的强度;含水率大于3%时,红砂岩的强度明显降低;但含水率超过6%后,强度衰减趋势显著变缓.含水率与弹性模量及峰值强度之间呈指数函数变化,而峰值强度对应的应变随含水率变化呈线性函数变化.将试验确定的关系式作为边界条件,运用损伤统计理论和Lemaitre应变等价性假说,推导出了能反映含水率影响的红砂岩损伤统计模型.     

新型岩石相似材料的研制

在研究了国内外近几十年岩土工程中常用的相似材料的研究现状,并分析了它们优缺点的基础上.通过试验测定不同水灰比和橡胶粉取代率时,改性水泥砂浆的表观密度、抗压强度、弹性模量和劈拉强度等物理力学性能的变化情况,总结这些物理参数随橡胶粉取代率、水灰比的变化规律,获得一种新型岩石相似材料.结果证明,这种新型岩石相似材料能很好地满足相似材料的选材要求,是一种比较理想的岩石相似材料,值得在其他模型试验中推广.     

添加不同纤维的高性能混凝土力学性能试验

通过试验研究了弹性模量具有明显差异的3种纤维对于混凝土的力学性能改善所起的作用,以及钢纤维、碳纤维和聚丙烯纤维单掺或复掺对于混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和弹性模量的影响。结果表明：添加0．5％高弹性模量的钢纤维对于混凝土的强度和弹性模量均有提高作用,复掺0．3％钢纤维和0．2％碳纤维的混凝土抗拉强度的提高大于抗压强度;添加0．5％钢纤维的混凝土HPC-2的弹性模量最大,比基准混凝土提高6．5％;添加0．2％聚丙烯纤维的混凝土HPC-3的弹性模量最小,且小于基准混凝土;此外,混凝土抗压强度的影响程度与纤维的弹性模量的关系更为直接,混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的改善与纤维的抗拉强度的关系更为直接,纤维的弹性模量与基体弹性模量的比值,对复合材料的弹性模量有直接的影响。     

Effects of high temperature on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of hard coal

Coal is a common porous sedimentary rock whose microstructure and mechanical behavior are often affected by high temperature. In order to deeply investigate the effect of high temperature on the structure and mechanical properties of coal, six groups of coal samples with different heating temperatures were prepared. Various testing methods, including ultrasonic test, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and uniaxial compression test, were used in this study. The results showed that the physical and chemical change processes of coal samples under high temperature can be divided into two stages: the stage of drying and degassing and the stage of pyrolysis of the coal matrix. With the increase of heating temperature, the total porosity of coal samples increases, while the integrity and the deformation resistance of coal samples decrease. In addition, the elastic modulus and uniaxial compressive strength of the coal sample decrease with the increase of heating temperature. The Poisson's ratio decreases firstly and then increases with the increase of heating temperature.     

Mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression

To study the mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression,we analyzed the stress strain curve characteristics,deformation and strength properties,and failure process and characteristics of sandstone samples under different stress states.The experimental results reveal that peak strength,residual strength,elasticity modulus and deformation modulus increase linearly with confining pressure,and failure models transform from fragile failure under low confining pressure to ductility failure under high confining pressure.Macroscopic failure forms of samples under uniaxial compression were split failure parallel to the axis of samples,while macroscopic failure forms under uniaxial compression were shear failure,the shear failure angle of which decreased linearly with confining pressure.There were significant volume dilatation properties in the loading process of sandstone under different confining pressures,and we analyzed the damage evolution properties of samples based on acoustic emission damage and volumetric dilatation damage,and established damage constitutive model,realizing the real-time quantitative evaluation of samples damage state in loading process.     

层状盐穴储库中盐岩和泥岩蠕变特性试验研究

针对层状盐穴储气库中不同岩性之间变形不协调问题,本文利用四川大学大型程控流变仪对盐岩和含盐泥岩两种岩石进行了常规单轴加载和单轴多级加载的蠕变的对比试验研究,重点探讨了两者蠕变力学特性之间的异同。研究结果表明：盐岩的塑性变形能力、流变特性明显强于含盐泥岩,因加载应力产生的瞬时应变量均呈先减小后增大的趋势,与常规单轴下张拉破坏不同,长期蠕变试验条件下,两者均以张剪型破坏为主;同等应力百分比情况下,盐岩的稳态蠕变率明显高于含盐泥岩,稳态蠕变率随着加载应力的增加而增大,并呈指数型函数变化,盐岩对应力的敏感性明显强于含盐泥岩;利用等时应力-应变曲线拐点法对两种岩石的长期强度值进行分析,得到盐岩的长期强度值为12MPa,为短期抗压强度的48%,含盐泥岩的长期强度值为34~36MPa,较短期抗压强度下降约30%,盐岩的长期强度值与短期抗压强度的比值远低于大多数岩石的比值。     

氧化铝透气陶瓷及透气性研究

研究添加造孔剂法和干压成型法制备氧化铝多孔透气陶瓷。以氧化铝为原料,分别用淀粉、蔗糖、蛋清作为造孔剂,用聚乙烯醇做粘结剂,在1700℃下烧结制得以开孔为主的氧化铝多孔透气陶瓷。通过抗弯曲强度测试检测样品的力学性能;利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)表征其物相成分、显微结构,对透气性进行测试。实验结果表明:试样的抗压强度随造孔剂的增多而减小;抗弯曲强度不随造孔剂的增多而增大,但是造孔剂含量过大时作用相反;烧结后试样的主要成分是α-Al2O3。用淀粉(10%)做造孔剂制得的样品具有较好的力学性能且气孔分布均匀.     

Physical and mechanical properties of sandstone containing a single fissure after exposure to high temperatures

In order to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of sandstone containing fissures after exposure to high temperatures,fissures with different angles α were prefabricated in the plate sandstone samples,and the processed samples were then heated at 5 different temperatures.Indoor uniaxial compression was conducted to analyze the change rules of physical properties of sandstone after exposure to high temperature,and the deformation,strength and failure characteristics of sandstone containing fissures.The results show that,with increasing temperature,the volume of sandstone increases gradually while the quality and density decrease gradually,and the color of sandstone remains basically unchanged while the brightness increases markedly when the temperature is higher than 585 ℃;the peak strength of sandstone containing fissures first decreases then increases when the temperature is between 25℃and 400℃.The peak strain of sandstone containing fissures increases gradually while the average modulus decreases gradually with increasing temperature,and the mechanical properties of sandstone show obvious deterioration after 400 ℃.The peak strain of sandstone containing fissures increases gradually while the average modulus decreases gradually with increasing temperature;with increasing angle αof the fissure,the evolution characteristics of the macro-mechanical parameters of sandstone are closely related to the their own mechanical properties.When the temperature is 800 ℃,the correlation between the peak strength and average modulus of sandstone and the angle α of the fissure is obviously weakened.The failure modes of sandstone containing fissures after high temperature exposure are of three different kinds including:tensile crack failure,tensile and shear cracks mixed failure,and shear crack failure.Tensile and shear crack mixed failure occur mainly at low temperatures and small angles;tensile crack failure occurs at high temperatures and large angles.     

Damage and failure rule of rock undergoing uniaxial compressive load and dynamic load

1INTRODUCTION Naturalrockinlithosphereiscommonlyinthetri dimensionalstressstate,butthatofthewallrockaroundundergroundstructuresisoftentrans formedtouni dimensionalstatewhenundergroundstructureprojectsareputinpracticeororeisminedout.Butwhenthestressstateofrocktrans formsfromhighdimension stolowdimension s,ifcertainconditionsaresatisfied,rockburstwillpos siblyoccur[1].Inordertoinvestigatetherockburstoccurrencemechanism,theuniaxialloadingtestisoftencarriedouttosimulateapproximatelytherockburs…     

早龄期混凝土力学性能试验及其单轴本构模型

为了研究早龄期混凝土的立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、静力受压弹性模量以及单轴受压应力应变曲线的规律,进行了系统的加载试验和试验数据分析.总结了早龄期阶段力学指标随龄期的变化规律以及与立方体抗压强度之间的换算关系,通过拟合相关参数,提出了分段式的受压应力应变全曲线拟合公式,拟合结果与试验数据吻合较好.试验结果表明,早龄期C40混凝土的强度和弹性模量随着龄期非线性增长,7 d是增长变化的分界时点;随着龄期的增长,峰值应变减少,脆性变大;早龄期C40混凝土的单轴受压应力应变曲线与充分养护龄期混凝土形状相似.     

Fracture evolution characteristics of sandstone containing double fissures and a single circular hole under uniaxial compression

The uniaxial compression experiments on the sandstone samples containing double fissures and a single circular hole were carried out by using electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine to investigate the effect of rock bridge angle β and fissure angle α on mechanical properties and evolution characteristics of cracks.The results show that the peak strength,peak strain and elastic modulus of defected specimens decrease comparing with those for intact sample,and show a decreased trend firstly and then increase with β changing from 0° to 90°.The peak strength and elastic modulus achieve the minimum value as the rock bridge angle is 60°,while the peak strain reaches the minimum value with the rock bridge angle of 45°.The crack initiation of tested rock samples occurs firstly in stress concentration areas at tips of prefabricated fissures under uniaxial compression,and then propagates constantly and coalescences with the prefabricated hole.Some secondary cracks initiate and propagate as well until buckling failure happens.The rock bridge angle has a great influence on crack initiation,coalescence,final failure mode,crack initiation stress and transfixion stress.The peak strength varies significantly,while the elastic modulus and peak strain change slightly,and the failure modes are also different due to the influence of fissure angle.     

Effect of heterogeneity on mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of rock specimen

The influence of heterogeneity on mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of rock specimen under uniaxial compress was studied with numerical simulation methods. Weibull distribution function was adopted to describe the mesoscopic heterogeneity of rocks. The failure process of heterogeneous rock specimen under uniaxial loading was simulated using FLAC^3D software. Five schemes were adopted to investigate the influence of heterogeneity. The results demonstrate that as the homogeneity increases, the peak strength and brittleness of rocks increase, and the macro elastic modulus improves as well. Heterogeneity has great influence on macro elastic modulus and strength when the homogeneity coefficient is less than 20.0. The volume expansion is not so obvious when the homogeneity increases. As the homogeneity coefficient increases the acoustic emissions modes change from swarm shock to main shock. When the homogeneity coefficient is high, the cumulative acoustic emission events-axial strain curve is gentle before the rock failure. The numerical results agree with the previously numerical results and earlier experimental measurements.     

再生混凝土单轴力学性能指标统一计算方法

对大量再生混凝土单轴力学性能试验资料进行整理分析,基于统计分析方法,在借鉴普通混凝土力学模型的基础上,对不同取代率下再生混凝土的各种力学性能指标进行统一分析,提出了适用于不同取代率下再生混凝土的立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、轴心抗拉强度、劈裂抗拉强度、弹性模量、轴心受压峰值应变和轴心受拉峰值应变的统一计算公式,建立了再生混凝土单轴受压、受拉的应力‐应变全曲线表达式,并将公式计算结果与试验结果进行对比。结果表明：计算结果与试验结果吻合较好;提出的再生混凝土单轴力学性能指标统一计算公式精度较高。