兰炭厂含酚废水的络合萃取研究

本文选用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂,煤油为稀释剂对高浓度含酚废水进行络合萃取,考察pH值、油/水相比(V/V)和TBP的含量(络合萃取剂中TBP的体积分数)等对酚萃取率的影响,并对酚进行反萃回收。实验结果表明:在pH值为6、温度为25℃、搅拌转速为625r·min-1、油/水相比为1∶3和TBP的含量为60%的最佳实验条件下,一级萃取率为94.7%,二级萃取率为98.12%,三级萃取率为99.5%。从经济效益考虑,选择一级萃取,其COD去除率为72.64%。用质量分数为10%的Na OH溶液作反萃取剂,反萃取温度为45℃,按油/碱比(V/V)为1∶1对一级萃取有机相进行两次反萃取,酚回收率可达97.24%。络合萃取剂在萃取-反萃取的过程中可多次循环使用。     

撞击流—旋转填料床处理含苯酚废水的单级试验研究

以撞击流—旋转填料床(IS—RPB)作为萃取器和反萃取器,以磷酸三了酯(TBP)作为络合萃取剂,以煤油为稀释剂,以氢氧化钠溶液为反萃剂,对含苯酚废水进行了萃取与反萃取的单级试验研究。在研究IS—RPB两个主要操作参数撞击流初速ν_0和转速N,油水比R以及TBP在油相中的体积分数对级分配率D的影响基础上,找到了最适宜的工艺条件,在此条件下得到了高达95％以上的除酚率。     

用磷酸三丁酯萃取分离硫酸铵母液中的HCN

研究了磷酸三丁酯(TBP)-磺化煤油体系从重庆某企业甘氨酸生产副产物硫酸铵母液中萃取分离HCN的工艺,考察了萃取体系、TBP体积分数、母液初始pH值、相比(Vorg∶Vaq)对萃取HCN的影响以及氢氧化钠浓度、相比(Vaq∶Vorg)和平衡pH值对HCN反萃的影响。结果表明:选用TBP作为萃取剂能够对硫酸铵母液中的HCN进行快速有效的萃取;TBP体积分数、母液初始pH值及相比对HCN萃取率影响显著;以含体积分数35%TBP的有机相作萃取剂,在相比(Vorg∶Vaq)为2∶1的条件下,pH值为2.92的含氰1.71 g/L的硫酸铵母液经3级错流萃取,萃余液中含氰低于0.5 mg/L,氰的萃取率接近100%;在相比(Vaq∶Vorg)为1∶1条件下,以0.6 mol/L的氢氧化钠为反萃液,控制反萃液平衡pH值大于13.0,氰的单级反萃率大于96%;含氰0.78 g/L的有机相在相比为1∶1条件下,经过2级错流反萃,氰基本上被反萃完全,贫有机相不经过处理可循环使用。     

磷酸三丁酯/丁酸乙酯体系协同萃取提锂的研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂、丁酸乙酯(EB)和FeCl_3为协萃剂,煤油为稀释剂,从盐湖卤水中进行了萃取提锂的实验研究。系统考察了卤水酸度、萃取剂浓度、铁锂摩尔比、相比等因素对锂萃取率的影响。体系的最佳工艺条件为:TBP、EB、煤油的体积分数分别为40%、20%和40%;卤水酸度为0.05 mol/L;Fe/Li摩尔比为1.5;相比为O/A=2/1;反萃剂为2 mol/L的HCl,反萃相比O/A=1/1。在最佳萃取条件下,锂的单级萃取率最高可达87.12%。应用稀盐酸对负载有机相进行反萃,锂的单级反萃率超过90%。本文的研究结果表明:TBP/EB/FeCl_3/煤油体系对从盐湖卤水中分离锂具有较好的应用前景。     

N1923+TBP协同萃取除铅膏中金属杂质的研究

以仲碳伯胺(N1923)和磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂协同萃取铅膏中的金属杂质,萃取剂采用异辛醇为改性剂,磺化煤油为稀释剂。考察了N1923含量、TBP含量、萃取相比O/A、萃取时间、萃取温度等因素对萃取率的影响。研究结果表明:当N1923质量分数为30%~35%、TBP质量分数为50%~60%、相比O/A为3~4、萃取时间为8~10 h、萃取温度为50~60℃时,Fe、Cu、Sn、Cd的萃取率可达80%以上,Sb、Zn的萃取率可达70%以上,As的萃取率可达45%以上。     

N_(235)对废水中艳红B络合萃取的实验研究

在室温下,以三烷基叔胺(N235)作为络合剂,分别以煤油、磺化煤油和正辛醇作为稀释剂对艳红B溶液进行萃取实验。结果表明,三种稀释剂对艳红B萃取效果为正辛醇磺化煤油煤油。在最佳萃取条件下:络合剂与稀释剂体积比为3∶1,萃取剂与艳红B溶液体积比为1∶5,溶液初始pH=2.0时,N_(235)+正辛醇的萃取体系单次萃取率可达98.7%。在此基础上用NaOH溶液对其萃取相进行反萃,单次反萃率达到94.5%。反萃后得到的萃取剂可循环使用,回收后的萃取剂对模拟染料废水艳红B溶液COD的去除效果与新鲜萃取剂相当。     

撞击流-旋转填料床内络合萃取法分离醋酸稀溶液实验研究

采用撞击流-旋转填料床作为萃取设备,选用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂(稀释于煤油中),对络合萃取法分离醋酸稀溶液过程进行了实验研究.研究结果表明:在适宜的操作条件下,撞击流旋转填料床对于磷酸三丁酯与醋酸的络合萃取过程具有良好的萃取传质性能,萃取级效率高达98%以上;采用三级错流萃取流程,获得了94.0%的醋酸萃取率,取得了较好的分离效果.以质量分数15%的氢氧化钠溶液为反萃取剂,经反萃取操作后实现萃取剂的再生,再生后的萃取剂萃取性能无明显变化.综合考虑了萃取剂、萃取设备及萃取工艺对于络合萃取过程的影响,为络合萃取技术在醋酸稀溶液回收中的应用奠定了基础.     

废选择性催化还原脱硝催化剂中金属钨和钒的萃取分离及回收

以三正辛胺(TOA)+异癸醇的煤油溶液为萃取剂,对废选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝催化剂中的钨和钒进行萃取分离及回收。考察了萃取时间、有机相(萃取剂)与液相(酸浸液)(O/A)体积比、浸出液pH值、萃取剂浓度等对W、V萃取率的影响。结果表明:当酸浸液pH值为2.5,TOA体积分数为12%,O/A体积比为0.1,萃取时间为15 min条件下,W与V的萃取率可分别达到98.78%和94.94%。同时以Na OH为反萃取剂,对萃取有机相中W和V进行反萃取。结果发现:W几乎被完全从有机相中反萃出来,反萃取率高达99.99%,V的反萃取率可达88.05%。通过向反萃取溶液中加入H2SO4溶液并阶段性的调节其pH值,使W和V分别以H_2WO_4和NH_4VO_3形式沉淀,并将沉淀物在500℃煅烧,分别得到纯度均大于99%的W和V的氧化物WO_3和V2O5。     

磷酸三丁酯萃取分离钛铁矿亚熔盐反应产物酸解液中Fe3+及金红石型TiO2的制备

在盐酸介质中以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂、磺化煤油为稀释剂,从钛铁矿与氢氧化钾亚熔盐反应产物的酸解液中萃取分离Fe3+,并利用萃取后的含钛液水解制备二氧化钛. 考察了萃取剂浓度、盐酸浓度、有机相和水相体积比(O/A)和萃取时间对铁萃取率的影响. 结果表明,钾系亚熔盐法分解钛铁矿的分解率在96%以上. 萃取率随着TBP浓度及盐酸浓度的增加和O/A值的减小而增大;通过调节萃取条件,萃取率可以达到99%以上. 用1.0 mol/L的NaCl溶液进行反萃,反萃率可达98%以上. 萃取后含钛液经水解可以制得纯度高于98%的金红石型TiO2球状颗粒.     

从石煤酸浸液中萃取钒的实验研究

以陕西山阳石煤钒矿作为研究对象,实验研究了磷酸二异辛酯(P204)对硫酸浸出溶液体系中钒的萃取工艺。主要考察了P204体积分数、pH值、萃取时间、萃取级数及有机相与水相体积比等因素对钒萃取率的影响。确定了萃取的最佳工艺参数:P204体积分数20%,磷酸三丁酯(TBP)5%,磺化煤油75%,萃取平衡pH值在2.5左右,相体积比为1∶5,萃取时间为5 min,萃取级数为5级。在此条件下萃取含钒2.965 8 g/L溶液,萃取率可达98.57%。     

磷酸三丁酯/煤油支撑液膜体系中苯酚的传质分离

研究了苯酚在以多孔聚丙烯平板膜(Celgard2500)为支撑体、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为膜载体和煤油为膜溶剂的支撑液膜体系中的传质过程;用传统萃取法测定了TBP/煤油体系中苯酚络合物摩尔比为1∶1,同时得到25.0℃萃取平衡常数为96.72;考察了原料相pH值、初始质量浓度、膜二侧转速、载体浓度和反萃取相碱浓度对苯酚传质的影响,确定了该体系分离苯酚的最佳条件:原料相pH<9,苯酚初始质量浓度<1 000 mg/L,膜二侧转速>300 r/m in,载体浓度为0.55 mol/L,反萃取相碱浓度0.10 mol/L;根据双膜理论提出苯酚的传质动力学方程,采用直线斜率法计算了苯酚在TBP/煤油支撑液膜体系中的扩散层厚度和膜内扩散系数,计算结果表明动力学方程计算值能较好地与实验值吻合,平均相对误差在2%以内。     

用溶剂萃取法从ITO膜蚀刻废液中回收金属铟的实验研究

文章对ITO膜蚀刻废液中锱的回收进行了研究。首先采用TBP萃取蚀刻废液,在实验的最优条件下经两次萃取,钢的萃取率可达到96.2％。然后用水反萃TBP有机相,不仅反萃了金属铟,并实现了铟、锡分离。使用P2O4对反萃液萃取及盐酸反萃富集,所得的富钢溶液由NaOH调节pH,用铝片置换,成功回收海绵钢。     

Phenol Removal from Aqueous System by Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Sulfoxide Extraction

Solvent extraction is generally considered as one of the important and effective techniques to remove toxic phenol from wastewater. This paper explores the solvent extraction of phenol from wastewater using bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfoxide (BESO) as extractant. Various parameters such as equilibrium time, the volume percentage of BESO, pH value, and ionic strength of the aqueous solution on the phenol extraction were investigated. The results indicated that BESO exhibited excellent performance of phenol extraction. The extraction percentage increased from 97.26% to 99.47%, varying the BESO concentration from 10% (v/v) to 30% (v/v). The extraction percentage decreased with increasing temperature in the range of 298-343 K. FTIR spectra of fresh and phenol loaded BESO organic phase indicated the existence of the hydrogen bonding interactions between S=O groups and phenol molecules. The relationship between log D and log [BESO] suggested the stoichiometry of the extracted species was a 1:1 complex, namely, [PhOH]·[BESO]. Phenol stripping from the loaded organic phase by sodium hydroxide was feasible, and more than 99% of phenol could be stripped when the NaOH concentration was 0.5 mol L^?1. The results obtained established that BESO/kerosene extraction system has potential for practical application in the phenol removal and recovery.     

萃取置换法预处理氟苯生产废水的实验研究

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂、NaOH水溶液为反萃剂,采用萃取置换法回收处理氟苯生产废水中的苯酚。研究了萃取剂浓度、萃取时间、pH值及相比对萃取率的影响和相比、反萃时间及NaOH溶液浓度对反萃率的影响。经3级萃取和2级反萃,苯酚的回收率达98%,废水中苯酚含量可降至19.7 mg/L。萃取置换法操作简单,费用低廉,易于工业化。     

Easy removing of phenol from wastewater using vegetable oil-based organic solvent in emulsion liquid membrane process

Phenol is considered as pollutant due to its toxicity and carcinogenic effect.Thus,variety of innovative methods for separation and recovery of phenolic compounds is developed in order to remove the unwanted phenol from wastewater and obtain valuable phenolic compound.One of potential method is extraction using green based liquid organic solvent.Therefore,the feasibility of using palm oil was investigated.In this research,palm oil based organic phase was used as diluents to treat a simulated wastewater containing 300×10~(-6) of phenol solution using emulsion liquid membrane process(ELM).The stability of water-in-oil(W/O) emulsion on diluent composition and the parameters affecting the phenol removal efficiency and stability of the emulsion;such as emulsification speed,emulsification time,agitation speed,surfactant concentration,pH of external phase,contact time,stripping agent concentration and treat ratio were carried out.The results of ELM study showed that at ratio7 to 3 of palm oil to kerosene,5 min and 1300 r·min~(-1) of emulsification process the stabile primary emulsion were formed.Also,no carrier is needed to facilitate the phenol extraction.In experimental conditions of500 r·min~(-1) of agitation speed,3%Span 80,pH 8 of external phase,5 min of contact time,0.1 mol·L~(-1) NaOH as stripping agent and 1:10 of treat ratio,the ELM process was very promising for removing the phenol from the wastewater.The extraction performance at about 83%of phenol was removed for simulated wastewater and an enrichment of phenol in recovery phase as phenolate compound was around 11 times.     

Solvent Extraction of Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid From Waste Fluid by Using a Mixture of Toluene and 1-Octanol

Solvent extraction studies have been carried out for the recovery of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CCA) from simulated waste fluid. Influences of various parameters including extractant types, pH of the solution, equilibration time, and initial concentrations of CCA, etc., were studied. A mixture of toluene and 1-octanol (90:10, v/v) was found suitable for the extraction. The results showed that solution pH had a great effect on the distribution ratio, and CCA could be efficiently extracted when the pH was lower than 3.5. The extraction was found quite rapidly. The distribution ratio decreased as the initial concentration of CCA increased. The stripping rate of CCA using sodium hydroxide as stripping agent was found to be increased with the increase of alkali concentration. After back extraction once, more than 98% stripping efficiency was achieved with 0.8 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution at aqueous to organic phase (A/O) ratio 1:1 when CCA concentration was lower than 38.3 g/L. The practical extraction process was carried out for the waste fluid (concentration of CCA 36.5 g/L) discharged in the production of caprolactam from toluene. After four extraction stages at A/O ratio 1:1, the cumulative extraction recovery reached 99.3%. The practical stripping efficiency from loaded organic phase reached 98.2% in one single stage.     

PHENOLIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY SUPPORTED LIQUID MEMBRANE USING DIFFERENT COOKING OILS AS LIQUID MEMBRANE

Transport of phenol through a flat sheet supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing cooking oil as liquid membrane (LM) was investigated. Factors affecting permeation of phenol such as membrane phase, support material, feed phase pH, stripping phase concentration, stirring speed, and initial concentration of phenol were studied. It was found that these parameters strongly influence phenol removal efficiency; PTFE membrane as support material, grape seed oil as liquid membrane, feed pH of 2.0, initial phenol concentration of 100 mg/L, stirring speed of 350 rpm, and 0.2 M sodium hydroxide as effective stripping agent were found as the best conditions for greater phenol transport. Under these conditions, permeability was found to be 7.46 × 10^?6 m/s. After 10.5 h, phenol was completely removed from the feed phase to strip phase. According to stability experiments, it was observed that the SLM is stable after 22 h. Thus, the use of cheap, nontoxic, and naturally oil as a novel and green membrane for recovery of phenol from wastewater was demonstrated.     

膜分散萃取法处理含酚废水的实验研究

采用膜分散方法研究了含酚废水的萃取特性,以水/苯酚/(磷酸三丁酯+煤油)为实验体系,以不锈钢纤维烧结膜为分散介质,在自制的萃取器中研究了有机相流量、无机相流量、V(有机相)∶V(无机相)(相比)、苯酚质量浓度和停留时间对萃取率的影响,找出适宜的操作条件。实验结果表明,采用10μm的不锈钢烧结膜,在有机相流量为1 500 mL/m in、相比1∶1、苯酚质量浓度在1 000～4 000 mg/L、停留时间为0.8 s的情况下,萃取率可以达到80%左右。     

萃取置换法回收处理氟苯生产废水中的苯酚

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂、NaOH水溶液为反萃剂,采用萃取置换法回收处理氟苯生产废水中的苯酚.研究了萃取剂浓度、萃取时间、pH值及相比对萃取率的影响和相比、反萃时间及NaOH溶液浓度对反萃率的影响.经3级萃取和2级反萃取,苯酚的回收率达98%,废水中苯酚含量可降至19.7 mg/L.萃取置换法操作简单,费用低廉,易于工业化.