近场雷达成像非均匀稀疏阵设计

阵列设计作为多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达成像系统中的一项关键技术直接影响系统成像性能。为了解决阵元数目、结构与成像质量的关系问题,研究了近场MIMO收发稀疏阵的点扩展函数,研究了合成阵列中栅瓣的位置,探讨了基于等效阵列概念的MIMO阵列设计方法,优化了基于远场条件设计的稀疏阵,并讨论了近场效应对成像结果的影响。仿真结果表明：优化后的阵列在120~150 GHz栅瓣水平可以抑制到-50 dB。     

用于超宽带高分辨率成像的二维稀疏MIMO面阵拓扑结构研究

分析并总结了超宽带二维多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO)面阵拓扑结构设计的两条原则——等效孔径的均匀性与无明显遮蔽性, 并根据这两条原则提出了一种用于超宽带近距离高分辨率成像的新型面阵拓扑结构.与尺寸、阵元数相同的MIMO面阵相比, 该新型面阵结构在仿真获取的方向图中具有更好的聚焦效果和旁瓣抑制能力.并且, 不同距离下的聚焦结果显示, 该面阵的峰值旁瓣水平均要低于另两个阵列2 dB以上.对复杂目标成像的实验结果进一步证明了该阵列良好的成像性能.结合其等效阵元数量较少的特点, 文中提出的这种新型MIMO面阵拓扑结构为高效、实时的超宽带近距离高分辨率成像应用提供了可能.     

基于遗传算法的非均匀线阵MIMO雷达阵元分析

多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达在发射端发射正交信号,产生虚拟阵元,扩大阵列孔径,性能较传统的雷达有很大提高。目前有关MIMO雷达的虚拟阵元研究大都是基于均匀线阵的,而采用非均匀线阵能产生更多有效虚拟阵元。在非均匀线阵中,不同的阵元摆放方式产生的有效虚拟阵元数通常是不同的。本文用遗传算法对非均匀线阵中阵元的位置进行了优化,实验结果证明该方法能获得很高的有效虚拟阵元数。     

自适应圆阵特征值分析

本文研究了干扰信号与需要信号相关时，阵元间互耦对自适应圆阵协方差矩阵特征值的影响，并讨论了信号的相关性和阵元间互耦时的自适应圆阵瞬态性能。     

稳定平台对机载线阵相机成像质量的影响

在线阵传感器的航空摄影过程 中,飞机姿态变化会对成像造成影响,导致成像模糊。因 此根据航空投影的坐标变换方程,采用Monte Carlo算 法分析了曝光时间、稳定平台位置补偿残差以及角速度补偿残 差等参数对线阵相机成像质量的影响。结果表明,高性 能机载线阵相机必须配备高性能稳定平台;同时,灵敏度 高、曝光积分时间短的线阵探测器对于成像质量的提升 具有重要意义。     

面阵CCD摄像机光学镜头参数及选用

先简要介绍面阵CCD光学摄像机以及摄像机镜头的参数，比如成像尺寸规格、焦距、F数、景深、卡口等，然后介绍各个参数的相互关系，为如何合理选择面阵CCD光学镜头提供参考。最后介绍选择适用的面阵CCD摄像机光学镜头的主要步骤。     

阵元夹角对短波双层对数周期天线阵的影响

采用矩量法分析了短波双层对数周期天线扇形阵的辐射特性,研究了二元扇形阵辐射方向图与阵列单元之间夹角的关系,计算了不同阵元个数的双层对数周期天线扇形阵的增益.研究结果表明,当阵元夹角为单元对数周期天线的结构张角时,二元扇形阵的辐射特性最好,且二元扇形阵的增益高于三元和四元扇形阵的增益.     

帧转移型面阵CCD成像模型与仿真

基于帧转移型面阵CCD的成像原理,探讨了光电转换、电荷转移和电荷检测三个成像阶段存在的一些关键性问题,如像元响应的不一致性、相机抖动、电荷转移效率、帧转移模糊等,建立了相应的数学模型,并利用VC++6.0开发平台搭建了一整套CCD成像仿真系统。最后利用实验的方法,通过改变转移效率、曝光时间等CCD成像参数,分析比较了仿真结果。实验表明,该数学模型与面阵CCD器件成像过程较为吻合,仿真系统准确度较高。     

基于回路的MOS电阻阵单像素红外模型建模方法研究

MOS电阻阵目前在红外仿真领域有着广泛的应用和重要的作用。作为红外半实物仿真链路中的核心器件,其成像效果直接关系到最终仿真结果的准确度和置信度。目前的红外仿真数字信号进入电阻阵后会产生一系列图像退化和耦合失真问题,因此需要从MOS电阻阵的成像机理出发,分析其成像原理及能量传递过程,针对单个像元建立符合其自身物理特性的过程及辐射模型。通过输入信号与输出信号的函数关系来量化和验证模型的准确度和置信度。这个模型作为MOS电阻阵的基础模型对未来研究更大规模电阻阵的耦合特性、反向模型及非均匀性校正均有重要的理论基础和实际工程应用价值和意义。     

面阵电荷耦合器件的辐射性能函数（英文）

电荷耦合器件(CCD)作为一个将光学图像转换到电子学图像的传感器,其成像质量与辐射响应参数的性能直接相关。针对面阵CCD越来越广泛的应用,提出利用"辐射响应矩阵"的概念和评价方法,表述面阵CCD每个像元的辐射性能参数。分析该矩阵,明确矩阵各元素的物理意义,并将面阵CCD每个像元的绝对辐射响应度、响应非线性度、暗噪声、信噪比以及非均匀性的数学关系与其物理含义一一对应。对面阵CCD DALSA-FTF6080M进行辐射性能检测,并利用辐射响应矩阵计算出各像元的响应系数。以测试结果为例,讨论和描述该矩阵的应用结果。实验结果表明:使用辐射响应矩阵可以计算出面阵CCD非均匀性为3.1%,该CCD近似成线性响应,暗噪声为3.84。此方法实用,满足对面阵CCD的客观评价。     

折叠波导缝隙阵天线的展开形变及辐射特性研究

折叠波导缝隙阵天线在太空中展开时可能产生的应力形变会影响其辐射特性,因此在设计时需要充分研究形变的机理和可能产生的影响.本文首先分析和计算薄膜波导在展开时受到拉伸而可能产生的形变,然后分析了形变带来的波导特性阻抗等的变化,以及由此导致的波导缝隙阵天线的驻波、增益以及副瓣电平等辐射特性的变化.该分析方法联系了波导所受外力和电磁场特性之间的关系,为实际工程提供有益的理论指导.     

宽带端馈式同轴矩形波导天线单元的研究

端馈式同轴矩形波导作为同轴波导变换,前人已经作了很详细的分析计算.由于端馈式同轴矩形波导与自由空间匹配困难,它很少用作辐射天线单元.本文用环耦合法和FDTD法对这种三维非均匀天线单元结构的特性进行了深入的研究,不仅减少了计算时间和空间,而且提高了计算精确性,得到这种相控阵天线单元的辐射方向图和驻波特性曲线,并进行了实验验证,解决了端馈式同轴矩形波导与自由空间的匹配问题.研究表明该种相控阵天线单元具有带宽宽、大扫描角的特点,可以广泛的用于地面、机载和星载相控阵雷达或者通信系统.     

Ka-band Dielectric Waveguide Antenna Array for Millimeter Wave Active Imaging System

Ka-band compact dielectric waveguide antenna array for active imaging system is given. Antenna array with WR28 metal waveguide direct feeding is specially designed with small size, high gain, good radiation pattern, easy realization, low insertion loss and low mutual coupling. One practical antenna array for 3-D active imaging system is shown with theoretic analysis and experimental results. The mutual coupling of transmitting and receiving units is less than -30dB, the gain from 26.5GHz to 40GHz is (12-16) dB. The results in this paper provide guidelines for the designing of millimeter wave dielectric waveguide antenna array.     

非对称单脊波导的FD-TD分析

本文针对一种新颖的相控天线阵辐射单元－非对称单脊波导共线缝隙阵,用ＦＤＴＤ方法对这种三维非均匀结构的特性进行了深入的研究。得出其场分布、波导波长及其作为基本辐射单元的辐射特性,给出了上述特性和波导非对称之间的关系曲线;所得的结果对宽角扫描的大型平面缝隙相控阵的设计有重要参考价值。     

扁波导馈电的平板缝隙天线阵的带宽扩展

扁波导馈电的平板缝隙天线阵,除了馈电波导内部耦合增强以外,带宽也受到限制.文章从谱域角度分析了缝隙天线的内外场分布,在此基础上,得到了周期波导和金属波导中各模式场的功率/储能谱.计算了波导缝隙天线的Q值并分析其变化规律,解释了扁波导馈电带宽受限的原因是辐射波导内的驻波储能场增强造成的.提出了在缝隙两侧增加扼流槽的改进方案,并同样从谱域的角度分析了该方案对带宽改善的影响.将该方案应用于一个实际的SIW平板波导缝隙天线阵设计中,获得了8.1%的带宽.     

Two-dimensional cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna array

A square 2×2 subarray and infinite phased array of aperture-coupled cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas is investigated experimentally. The return loss, radiation pattern, and antenna gain are studied and compared with those of the single element antenna, and the waveguide simulator is used to measure the return loss of the element in an infinite array environment     

Realizable feed-element patterns for multibeam reflector antenna analysis

The radiation pattern of a feed element is approximately described by a simple function(cos theta)^{q}. For a given element spacing of the feed array, we give simple formulas for estimating the practical value ofqwhen the element is an open-ended rectangular waveguide, an open-ended circular waveguide, a pyramidal horn, or a cigar antenna.     

Analysis of waveguide antenna arrays with protruding dielectricelements

The two-dimensional problem of radiation of TE and TM waves from a waveguide array with protruding smooth dielectric elements of arbitrary shape is considered, and solution algorithms are suggested. The algorithms are based on applying the method of auxiliary sources for the representation of electromagnetic fields outside and inside the protrusions in combination with the method of integral equations for the electric field at the waveguide aperture. The point matching of the field tangential components on the protrusion-to-free-space boundary and at the waveguide aperture is used to reduce the problem to a system of linear algebraic equations for the amplitudes of the auxiliary filamentary currents and of the waveguide aperture electric field, which is assumed to be piecewise constant. The amplitudes obtained from the solution of the system are used for computing the array reflection coefficient and element pattern, which are shown in some cases to be significantly dependent on the protrusion shape. Examples of arrays with flat-topped element patterns resulting from array geometry numerical optimization are also presented     

Mutual coupling analysis of arrays of apertures on cones

The analysis of the element pattern in an array of waveguide elements on a cone is approached by systematically exploiting the geometrical symmetry of the structure. The method consists of decomposing the arbitrary array excitation into fundamental excitations (eigenexcitations) for which the solution of the electromagnetic problem is simpler than in the general case. Following Bailin and Silver, the fields external to the cone are represented as a superposition of modes TE and TM to the radial direction. For each eigenexcitation the fields in the waveguide elements are represented as a superposition of normal waveguide modes. The enforcement of the continuity of the electromagnetic fields at the conical interface provides complete information about the radiation from the elements and the reflection coefficients of the modes in the waveguide. The array element pattern is obtained by the superposition, with suitable weights, of the patterns of the eigenexcitations. The communication presents the computational procedures followed to evaluate with high speed and precision the roots of the Legendre functions necessary to represent the fields external to the conical structure. Numerical results for the realized element patterns of a particular conical array are presented in the final section.     

A generalized approach to the analysis of infinite planar array antennas

In this paper a generalized expression for the complex power radiated by an element in an infinite planar array antenna is derived. Since this power formula applies to a large class of phased array antennas where the aperture field distribution can be completely specified (in normal mode form), it proves to be a powerful, unifying principle. The utility of this approach is illustrated by the simplicity with which previously known results can be derived; e.g., an infinite array of slots in a ground plane and an infinite array of flat dipoles with or without a ground plane. Further demonstrations of the usefulness of the power formula are provided by the systematic and straightforward solutions of the less-well-known problems of infinite arrays of crossed-dipole pairs and infinite arrays of open-ended rectangular waveguides. The waveguide array solution is particularly interesting because it reduces to a set of equations which are identical to those one would use to characterize an N-port network on an admittance basis (N is the number of waveguide modes). Since the power formula is derived for a parallelogram element Lattice, the resultant solution for a specific type of element is in its most general form. Expressions for the scan-dependent, dominant mode radiation admittance and the element gain function for a multimode rectangular waveguide radiator are also derived. In addition, various aspects of the waveguide array solution are investigated in the light of previous studies of infinite arrays.