基于蚁群算法的WSN能量预测路由协议

LEACH协议中的簇头和基站采用一跳通信,导致能量消耗过快。为此,提出一种基于蚁群算法的无线传感器网络(WSN)能量预测路由协议。引入蚁群算法思想,簇头节点通过多跳方式与基站节点进行通信。在计算蚂蚁选择下一跳的概率时,考虑节点可能的能量消耗,避免路径选择过于集中。仿真结果表明,该协议能降低簇头能量消耗,延长网络寿命。     

改进的异构无线传感器网络路由算法

稳定选举协议因没考虑节点的剩余能量,造成一些低能量节点当选为簇头而过早死亡,而且选出的簇头将数据直接发送给基站,导致部分距离基站较远的节点能量消耗过大而死亡。针对这两个问题,提出了一种适应于异构环境的改进的无线传感器网络路由算法。该算法在簇头选取过程中,加入节点的剩余能量和邻居节点数,使得具有较高的剩余能量且分布在密集区域中的节点当选为簇头的概率增大,并参考图论中的Dijkstra算法,实现簇头到基站低代价传输的多跳通信。仿真结果表明,与传统的稳定选举协议及其改进算法对比,该算法降低了网络的能量消耗,明显地延长了网络的稳定期和生命周期。     

基于区域划分的WSN非均匀分簇算法

无线传感器网络中,簇头到基站采用多跳通信方式,该方式存在靠近基站附近簇头转发任务频繁、能量消耗过快的缺陷,针对该问题,提出一种基于区域划分的非均匀分簇算法ADBUC。该算法根据节点距离基站远近划分区域,并相应调整簇头的分布和节点通信半径的大小,以此来均衡作为中继节点的簇头能量损耗。通过Matlab的仿真实验结果表明,新算法减轻了靠近基站的簇头转发任务的压力,整体上更加均衡了能量损耗和延长网络生命周期。     

基于改进CPSO算法的无线传感器网络路由协议

为了降低节点能量消耗,延长网络生存周期,提出一种基于混沌粒子群算法（Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization,CPSO）的无线传感器网路由协议。该协议改进了LEACH（Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy）协议的簇头选择机制,考虑节点剩余能量、簇头到基站（Based Station）的距离等因素,通过混沌粒子群算法对簇头选举进行优化。簇头选举后,通过多跳算法对簇头到基站的通信方式进行优化。仿真结果表明,与传统的LEACH协议比较,新协议能减少能量消耗,延长网络寿命。     

能量高效的无线传感器网络分簇路由协议

无线传感器网络的路由协议设计要同时关注单个节点的能耗及整个网络能量的均匀消耗。在分析现有分簇路由协议的基础上,提出一种能量高效的分簇路由协议,通过结合节点能量选举簇头,采用限制簇规模的优化簇形成算法和改进的多跳簇间转发方式,节约节点能量,平衡簇间负载。仿真结果表明,该协议能有效降低网络能量消耗,延长网络生存周期。     

节点信息感知的非均匀分簇路由算法

无线传感器网络中,簇头选举不合理将导致节点能量消耗过快,使其过早失效,网络过早结束生命周期。对此提出一种节点信息感知的非均匀分簇路由算法:充分考虑节点邻域基数、位置感知、剩余能量,通过非均匀分簇确定最优簇头;簇的形成阶段,节点加入距自己最近的簇,通信上采用簇内单跳、簇间单跳、多跳相结合的方式。仿真实验表明,该算法与LEACH,CEBRCA相比,在网络生命周期、能量利用率和数据发送方面都具有较好的性能。     

无线传感器网络能量有效成簇算法研究

分析当网络覆盖范围变大时LEACH协议存在的问题,针对传感网络中簇头采用单跳通信时距离基站较远的簇头能量消耗太大而过早死亡,采用多跳通信时距离基站较近的节点过多参与数据会转发而过快死亡,提出一种综合考虑节点位置、节点能量状况的多跳改进算法LEACH-L,同时,LEACH-L还通过限制簇头的最短转发距离,避免网络过多的进行数据转发使网络开销增大.仿真结果显示,当网络范围变大时,LEACH-L能有效的减少网络中节点和基站通信时的能量消耗,均衡传感网络节点负载,较大幅度的延长传感器网络的生命周期.     

一种新的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇双簇头算法 ——PUDCH算法

能量利用效率问题一直是限制WSN广泛应用的瓶颈,能源容量对各个网络节点产生至关重要的影响.针对WSN中"能量空洞问题"以及由于簇头任务过重所导致的能量消耗过快,同时也为了提高WSN的能量利用效率,提出了一种无线传感器网络非均匀分簇双簇头算法——PUDCH.该算法先综合考虑节点综合信息(如节点剩余能量、节点到基站的距离),根据节点综合信息通过不同的时间竞争机制来选举簇头,将整个网络划分为不均匀的分簇;在规模大些的簇内,为了减轻簇头的负担再选取副簇头.最后簇头再构造基于最小生成树的最优传输路径.一系列的仿真表明PUDCH路由算法在WSN节约平衡节点能量消耗方面表现优良.     

一种新的基于LEACH的WSN路由算法

研究无线传感器网络路由算法,无线传感器网络由能量有限的节点组成,因此高效节能的路由算法是无线传感器网络组网的基础.针对低功耗自适应分簇(LEACH)路由算法存在簇首节点选择不合理以及簇首节点与基站在远距离通信过程中能量消耗大的不足,提出了一种改进的LEACH路由算法.改进的算法在簇建立阶段的簇首选举过程中,引入节点剩余能量因素,且进行均匀分簇,有效地降低剩余能量较小和位置不佳节点成为簇首的可能性,均衡了网络的能量消耗,在簇稳定工作阶段,节点间的数据传输采用单跳和多跳相结合的通信方式,从而降低网络能耗.仿真结果表明,与传统的LEACH算法相比,改进的LEACH算法能量均衡性更好,并显著地延长了网络的存活时间.     

改进的WSN节能分簇多跳路由算法

LEACH算法是WSN中典型的单跳分簇路由算法,本文针对LEACH算法的缺点,提出了一种改进的节能分簇多跳路由算法.该算法采用层次分析法确定节点度数、节点间的通信距离、节点剩余能量和节点距基站的距离这四个因素的权值系数,在簇首选举中引入这四个因素,每一轮的簇首选举结束后,利用遗传算法寻找出一条遍历所有簇首节点和基站的最优路径,该算法实现了簇首以多跳通信方式向基站传输数据的功能.仿真结果表明,该算法在网络能耗、生存周期和能量均衡性方面均优于CECA、LEACH-GA和LEACH算法,达到了能量均衡和延长了网络生存周期的目的.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。