纳米金属催化剂在推进剂中应用进展

固体推进剂是军事和航天技术的重要研究领域,一直为国内外研究者所重视。目前,高能和高燃速推进剂是最热门的研究方向。在提高固体推进剂燃速的众多方法中,采用纳米催化剂被认为是最有前途的方法之一。纳米催化剂既具有高效的催化作用,又具有很好的能量性能。将该新型催化剂应用到固体火箭推进剂中,发现使推进剂的能量性能和燃烧性能都得到较大提高。回顾纳米催化剂的研究和发展,介绍纳米催化剂若干问题、制备及应用。     

新型含能催化剂在低特征信号推进剂中的应用研究

对六种新型含能催化剂在高能低特征信号推进剂中的应用进行了研究。研究发现这些含能催化剂不仅能提高推进剂能量，而且催化活性更高，可解决高RDX含量推进剂燃速性能很差的技术难题。     

纳米燃速催化剂的研究进展

燃速催化剂是固体推进剂的必备部分,用来调节弹道性能,提高燃烧性能,为增加推进剂的能量水平、降低特征信号,利用纳米技术提高燃速催化剂的催化效率并减少其用量是近年来燃速催化剂领域的主要研究方向之一。综述了近年来纳米燃速催化剂在制备方法及应用方面的研究进展,指出存在的问题和改进措施,并对其应用前景进行展望。     

高燃速推进剂研制现状分析

对高燃速固体推进剂研制采用的技术途径进行了分析，归纳出了六类提高推进剂燃速的方法，包括燃烧催化剂法、增加热传导法、采用纳米微粉或超细固体粒子法、新型含能材料法、金属粉／氧化剂复合粒子法和基于对流燃烧机理的方法。找出了在高燃速推进剂达到的燃速水平、提高燃速所采用的技术途径方面存在的差距，指出基于对流燃烧机理的快燃物方法具有对推进剂配方能量影响小、燃速提高幅度大、适应性广等优点，具有广阔的应用前景。     

浅谈固体推进剂燃烧催化剂的评判标准

<正>1燃烧催化剂的技术内涵固体推进剂的燃烧性能调节是实现其工程化应用的必要途径。燃烧催化剂作为固体推进剂的核心功能组分,可在调节固体推进剂燃速,控制能量释放和羽流特征信号等方面起重要作用。目前,对固体推进剂燃烧催化剂的研究主要包括四方面:一是设计制备新型多功能燃烧催化材料并表征其结构和稳定性;二是评估新型催化剂与推进剂组分的相容性和安定性;三是分析燃烧催化剂对推进剂主要组分的催化热分解动力学及机理;四是探讨催化条件下固体推进剂的燃速压力指数、火焰结构与燃烧波温度的变化规律(Q L Yan,F     

纳米金属氧化物对AP复合推进剂的催化研究

随着科学技术的发展,用纳米催化剂调节固体推进剂的燃烧性能已成为研究热点。综述了纳米金属氧化物对AP和AP复合推进剂的催化研究现状,分析了其对AP和复合推进剂燃烧性能的影响规律,总结了其目前在复合推进剂中应用所存在的问题,并展望了纳米金属氧化物作为推进剂燃速催化剂的应用前景。指出了纳米金属氧化物作为催化剂在AP复合推进剂中应用可获得优于非纳米催化剂的燃烧性能,纳米金属氧化物在复合固体推进剂中有广泛的应用前景。     

MOFs作为固体推进剂的燃烧催化剂和含能添加剂的研究进展

新材料是固体推进剂发展的基础。其中,新型含能材料以及燃烧催化剂的研发对于改善固体推进剂的性能具有重要的意义。系统介绍了金属有机框架化合物(MOFs)在多相催化以及高能化方面的进展。指出MOFs在催化烷烃、烯烃、醇等有机物以及CO的氧化反应方面具有较高的活性,具备催化推进剂燃烧反应的能力。MOFs在推进剂燃烧过程中原位生成的金属氧化物也可促进推进剂燃烧。引入高含氮量的配体可获得优异能量性能和安全性能的MOFs,改变含能配体的成分、结构及与金属离子的配位方式可调节其能量性能。认为,设计并合成可用于固体推进剂燃烧的高效MOFs催化剂,探讨其在推进剂燃烧过程中的反应机理,揭示其含能基团的成分、结构及与金属离子的配位方式对含能MOFs能量性能的影响等是今后研究重点。     

现代武器发展和火炸药的研制(下)

3.特种燃速推进剂。为满足反坦电武器、反弹道导弹和防空武器的需要,国外竞相研制高燃速或超高燃速推进剂。研制超高燃速推进剂采取的措施有①采用含能粘合剂、含能增塑剂、碳硼烷等能提高燃速的含能组分;②采用超细高氯酸铵、超细铝粉或超细金属一氧化剂中均凝聚物等多孔固体组分;③添加石墨纤维、光导纤维和导热金属丝;     

新型螺压高能改性双基推进剂研究

介绍了一种以螺旋压伸成型工艺制造的新型五组元(NC-NG-DNTF-HMX-Al)高能改性双基推进剂及其主要性能,重点讨论了推进剂研制的关键技术。研究结果表明:3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)以及球形铝粉、奥克托今(HMX)的成功应用使得改性双基推进剂的能量性能获得大幅度改善;含能安定剂N-甲基对硝基苯胺(PNMA)的应用研究使推进剂不仅获得了优良的化学安定性,更进一步提高了推进剂的能量;含能催化剂的研究既保证推进剂具有良好的燃速特性,又对提高推进剂能量做出了更进一步的贡献。研制成功的新型高能改性双基推进剂综合性能优良,推广应用前景良好。     

含咪唑类铅盐催化剂的RDX-CMDB推进剂燃烧性能

研究了咪唑类含能铅盐(E-Pb)催化剂含量及与炭黑复配时对RDX-CMDB推进剂的燃速、压强指数及燃烧火焰结构等燃烧性能的影响。分析了含能催化剂和惰性催化剂影响RDX-CMDB推进剂燃烧行为的原因。结果表明,含有含能催化剂的RDXCMDB推进剂的燃烧性能优于含惰性催化剂的RDX-CMDB推进剂的燃烧性能。10 MPa下的燃速由不含催化剂的推进剂的11.74 mm·s-1提高至含E-Pb的推进剂的25.36 mm·s-1,且随E-Pb含量的增加该推进剂的燃速增加。当含能铅盐与炭黑复配时催化效果更佳,炭黑与含能铅盐质量比为1.5∶0.25时,在4~17 MPa较宽区间出现平台燃烧,压强指数n0.25。表明,含能铅盐对推进剂的燃烧火焰结构、暗区厚度、燃面上的亮点数目等的影响有一定规律性。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.