舰船运动对固体火箭发动机粘接界面疲劳损伤研究

针对固体火箭发动机在舰船运动影响下损伤难以评估的问题,以某固体火箭发动机为例,建立了摇摆载荷作用下发动机药柱粘接界面的疲劳损伤评估方法。通过推进剂粘接界面定应力往复剪切试验获得了其粘接界面的疲劳损伤特性;利用有限元分析方法计算得到了发动机界面剪切应力较大部位的应力谱;运用雨流计数法和Miner线性累积损伤原理对发动机粘接界面的疲劳损伤进行了评估。试验与仿真结果表明,推进剂粘接界面应力幅值和疲劳破坏次数的自然对数满足指数型方程,并且在给定舰载条件下发动机海上战备值班一年的寿命比仓库贮存时至少降低8.62%.针对固体火箭发动机在舰船运动影响下损伤难以评估的问题,以某固体火箭发动机为例,建立了摇摆载荷作用下发动机药柱粘接界面的疲劳损伤评估方法。通过推进剂粘接界面定应力往复剪切试验获得了其粘接界面的疲劳损伤特性;利用有限元分析方法计算得到了发动机界面剪切应力较大部位的应力谱;运用雨流计数法和Miner线性累积损伤原理对发动机粘接界面的疲劳损伤进行了评估。试验与仿真结果表明,推进剂粘接界面应力幅值和疲劳破坏次数的自然对数满足指数型方程,并且在给定舰载条件下发动机海上战备值班一年的寿命比仓库贮存时至少降低8.62%.     

固体火箭发动机粘接界面参数识别与损伤破坏数值模拟

为了研究固体火箭发动机粘接界面的损伤破坏过程,按照QJ2038.1A-2004制作了固体火箭发动机矩形粘接试件,对粘接试件进行了单向拉伸试验,获得了粘接试件的损伤破坏模式。根据粘接试件损伤破坏特点,建立了粘接试件的有限元数值模型,采用基于分步反演与Hooke-Jevees优化算法结合的反演方法,准确地获取了推进剂/衬层/绝热层界面混合模式下双线型内聚力模型的相关参数,将其应用于粘接试件拉伸试验损伤破坏过程的数值模拟中。研究结果表明:粘接试件主要的破坏形式为推进剂/衬层/绝热层界面处的脱粘;提出的反演识别方法能够较好地获取固体火箭发动机的界面相关参数,拉伸速度为2 mm·min^-1时,固体火箭发动机粘接界面的初始模量、最大粘接强度、断裂能分别为0.86 MPa、0.63 MPa、3.13 kJ·m^-2;推进剂/衬层/绝热层界面的损伤导致粘接试件的应力随应变增加的速率减慢,人工脱粘层尖端处界面的起裂,并且沿试件中央扩展,最终贯穿粘接试件是粘接试件主要损伤破坏模式。     

HTPB推进剂/衬层粘接试件变形破坏过程试验与数值模拟

为得到粘接界面的力学行为和破坏模式,对HTPB推进剂/衬层粘接试件进行了单向拉伸宏观观察试验,获得不同拉伸阶段的变形图片,记录了界面破坏的全过程;使用界面元模型表征推进剂/衬层界面,数值模拟了粘接界面试件在单向拉伸作用下的脱粘过程。结果表明：界面拉伸变形破坏过程表现为裂纹的起裂、扩展和失效;粘接试件的拉伸应力-应变曲线表现出明显的非线性特征;数值计算结果与试验得到的应力-应变曲线及试件宏观变形失效形态一致。为得到粘接界面的力学行为和破坏模式,对HTPB推进剂/衬层粘接试件进行了单向拉伸宏观观察试验,获得不同拉伸阶段的变形图片,记录了界面破坏的全过程;使用界面元模型表征推进剂/衬层界面,数值模拟了粘接界面试件在单向拉伸作用下的脱粘过程。结果表明：界面拉伸变形破坏过程表现为裂纹的起裂、扩展和失效;粘接试件的拉伸应力-应变曲线表现出明显的非线性特征;数值计算结果与试验得到的应力-应变曲线及试件宏观变形失效形态一致。     

长期热老化下一种PBX的拉伸性能和蠕变性能（英）

利用单轴拉伸试验和数小时下的拉伸蠕变试验评定了在长期热老化下作用下某PBX的力学性能.试验用的哑铃型样品分别在45,55,65℃和75℃下贮存了36个月.拉伸试验在45℃下进行,贮存了6个月和36个月的样品的拉伸蠕变试验也在45℃下进行.结果显示,与原始样品相比,45℃下,样品的拉伸强度和拉伸模量在长期热老化后没有明显变化,但是除75℃下的老化样品,其余样品的蠕变断裂时间均大大延长.通过扫描电镜观察并结合粘结剂的接触角分析,提出,在55℃以下,该PBX的力学失效是由热流变机制控制的,而高于55℃时,炸药晶体和粘结剂界面之间的热应力失配起到了关键作用.同时也表明,低于75℃下的长期贮存有助于改善PBX的蠕变性能,延长其蠕变断裂时间.     

长期热老化下一种PBX的拉伸性能和蠕变性能（英文）

利用单轴拉伸试验和数小时下的拉伸蠕变试验评定了在长期热老化下作用下某PBX的力学性能。试验用的哑铃型样品分别在45,55,65℃和75℃下贮存了36个月。拉伸试验在45℃下进行,贮存了6个月和36个月的样品的拉伸蠕变试验也在45℃下进行。结果显示,与原始样品相比,45℃下,样品的拉伸强度和拉伸模量在长期热老化后没有明显变化,但是除75℃下的老化样品,其余样品的蠕变断裂时间均大大延长。通过扫描电镜观察并结合粘结剂的接触角分析,提出,在55℃以下,该PBX的力学失效是由热流变机制控制的,而高于55℃时,炸药晶体和粘结剂界面之间的热应力失配起到了关键作用。同时也表明,低于75℃下的长期贮存有助于改善PBX的蠕变性能,延长其蠕变断裂时间。     

基于细观参数的HTPB推进剂粘接界面损伤演化数值模拟

为了研究加载角度对三组元端羟基聚丁二烯（HTPB）推进剂粘接界面细观失效机理的影响,使用微CT对单轴拉伸过程中的粘接界面进行原位扫描与重构,表征其损伤演化过程,然后将细观结构参数与损伤变量引入内聚力模型,得到不同加载角度下粘接界面的细观损伤演化过程。结果表明,粘接界面高氯酸铵（AP）颗粒的初始脱湿主要从靠近界面的弱界面层开始,方向沿界面的剪切分力方向。界面破坏形式与剪切角度有关,合力与界面的角度越小,裂纹越容易扩展至推进剂/衬层界面,反之裂纹扩展更容易发生在AP颗粒间。通过与CT试验结果对比,从失效模式与载荷位移关系验证了计算结果的准确性,揭示了不同加载角度下推进剂粘接界面结构的损伤演化规律。     

不同温度下固体火箭发动机粘接界面振动试验

为解决陆上运输过程中固体发动机推进剂/衬层粘接界面在温度、振动载荷同时作用下的损伤问题,以试验的方式研究振动载荷对粘接界面的影响.给出试验试件和不同温度下粘接试件的加速振动试验设计,确定不同温度下加速振动试验方案,总结试件失效规律,分析试件力学性能随振动时间、温度间的变化关系,并从细观角度解释温振载荷造成粘接界面性能下降的原因.结果表明,当环境温度越高,抗拉强度下降越快;当温度升高,振动时间增加时,界面处颗粒脱湿程度加剧,更易出现裂纹.     

埋入传感器对发动机界面粘接性能影响试验研究

针对固体火箭发动机健康监检测中埋入传感器后对发动机界面粘接性能的影响,自制埋入传感器的粘接试件,通过对粘接试件的CT无损探伤与力学性能试验,得到传感器的埋入方法可靠、埋入传感器对发动机界面粘接性能无明显影响;通过对自然贮存粘接试件的力学性能监测试验,得到粘接界面力学变化规律,进而确定埋入式传感器在发动机界面中至少可以稳定工作3个月以上.     

大功率发动机活塞蠕变-疲劳可靠性分析方法研究

针对大功率发动机活塞在周期性爆发压力、活塞销反力、高温及循环热载荷复杂工况下经常出现的蠕变-疲劳故障现象,通过试验和数值模拟方法研究材料、高温等因素对蠕变-疲劳故障的影响规律,提出基于故障物理的机械可靠性设计分析技术,以故障机理为单元,分别建立蠕变、疲劳及其交互作用的损伤模型,利用损伤等效方法建立基于线性损伤累积的活塞蠕变-疲劳可靠性模型,对活塞可靠度、灵敏度和可靠寿命进行了分析计算,并对计算方法进行了对比验证,计算结果与传统蒙特卡洛法计算结果接近,但计算量明显减少.     

多管火箭武器箱式复合材料定向器长期堆码贮存吸湿-蠕变耦合行为预测

为研究多管火箭武器箱式复合材料定向器长期堆码贮存吸湿-蠕变耦合行为,在Schapery非线性模型中引入湿移位因子,推导考虑吸湿效应的三维正交各向异性非线性蠕变本构模型。制备E-玻璃纤维/6509环氧树脂复合材料层压板,开展吸湿试验、静态力学性能试验和短期蠕变-回复试验,获得复合材料吸湿特性参数和吸湿率、应力相关非线性蠕变参数。采用有限元方法建立湿扩散-非线性蠕变耦合数值分析模型,预测箱式复合材料定向器贮存15 a后的蠕变变形。结果表明：在一般条件军用仓库中,贮存1 a时间后水分扩散到定向器内表面,贮存8 a后定向器基本达到饱和吸湿状态;所有20根定向器的最大残余变形位置都位于第2、3定位安装环之间,并且在三维 空间内近似呈马鞍状分布;上下两行中间位置定向器的残余变形最大,最大值为0.38 mm;左右两列中间位置定向器的残余变形最小,最小值为0.33 mm.     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.