织物结构对安芙赛纺织品阻燃性能的影响

 为提高安芙赛阻燃纤维织物的阻燃性能,采用极限氧指数法研究机织物纱线线密度和捻度、织物组织、经密、织物面密度等参数对其织物阻燃性能的影响。结果表明：双层织物的阻燃性能优于单层织物,极限氧指数均大于31.0%;双层织物的密度、纱线线密度、捻度越大,极限氧指数越高。此外,对安芙赛非织造布阻燃性能的研究结果表明：安芙赛非织造布极限氧指数随面密度的增加而提高;当安芙赛纤维与阻燃涤纶混合制备非织造布时,安芙赛纤维的含量应高于60％;当安芙赛纤维与羊毛纤维混合制备阻燃非织造布时,安芙赛纤维的含量应高于25％。     

茶多酚基阻燃/防紫外线棉织物的制备及其性能

针对棉织物极易燃烧且不防紫外线，以及现有应用最广泛的卤系阻燃剂面临诸多限制等问题，采用茶多酚(TP)、苯基膦酸(PPOA)和硫酸铁(Fe(SO₄)₃),制备了茶多酚铁苯基膦酸络合物(TP-Fe-PPOA),采用浸渍烘燥法制备了阻燃棉织物，研究了其阻燃、防紫外线、拉伸以及透气性。结果表明：TP-Fe-PPOA能均匀附着在棉织物上，且TP-Fe和PPOA之间有一定的协同作用；TP-Fe-PPOA整理棉织物可实现离火自熄，其损毁长度仅为6.7 cm,极限氧指数从17.6%提升至24.7%;TP-Fe-PPOA整理棉织物的最大热释放速率较纯棉织物降低了11.8%,意味着火灾放热强度降低，燃烧反馈给织物的热量越少，减缓了火焰的传播；其防紫外线性能也大幅度提升，紫外线防护系数从纯棉织物的7.47±0.19提升至37.85±2.34,接近防晒产品的要求，在实现阻燃和防紫外线功能的同时，保留了较好的透气性。     

新型植酸基阻燃剂改性Lyocell纤维与织物的制备及其性能

为提高Lyocell纤维与织物的阻燃性能,利用天然富磷化合物植酸与新戊二醇和尿素反应制备了一种膨胀型阻燃剂,应用于Lyocell纤维与织物的后整理。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜,分析了阻燃Lyocell纤维的结构、热稳定性及表面形貌。采用垂直燃烧、锥形量热及极限氧指数实验,研究了处理后Lyocell织物的阻燃性能。结果表明:经阻燃处理后的Lyocell纤维,其初始分解温度降低了177.1 ℃,800 ℃时的残炭量提高了21%;总热释放量、热释放速率峰值及平均热释放速率分别降低了76.9%、84.0%、70.6%;极限氧指数从17.0% 提高到47.6%,经25次洗涤后极限氧指数下降到28.8%,但仍具有良好的阻燃性能。     

棉/粘胶混纺织物的阻燃抗菌整理

为获得阻燃和抗菌复合功能的纺织品,合成了一种梳状硅-磷-氮协效阻燃抗菌整理剂,并对棉/粘胶混纺织物进行功能整理;通过单因素实验对棉/粘胶混纺织物的整理工艺进行优化,得到最佳整理工艺:阻燃抗菌整理剂质量浓度为500 g/L,2-膦酸基丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸质量浓度为150 g/L,在50 ℃浸渍40 min后二浸二轧,70 ℃预烘5 min,130 ℃焙烘150 s。借助红外光谱仪、垂直法阻燃性能测试仪、数显氧指数仪、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线光谱仪、热重分析仪等对织物的结构和性能进行分析。结果表明:整理后棉/粘胶混纺织物的极限氧指数可稳定保持在28%以上,阴燃时间、续燃时间均为0 s,织物燃烧后表面富集Si、P、N元素的致密的炭层,在800 ℃时的残炭量为40.16%;整理后棉/粘胶混纺织物与未整理织物相比,对于大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为99.05%和95.52%,该织物具有较好的阻燃抗菌性能。     

阻燃超疏水涤/棉混纺织物的制备及其性能

为实现涤/棉混纺织物同时具有阻燃和超疏水功能,以生物基的壳聚糖(CS)和植酸(PA),采用层层自组装方法在涤/棉混纺织物上构建阻燃涂层,并采用含氟的超疏水整理剂处理涤/棉混纺织物。测定了织物的阻燃和超疏水性能及热稳定性;并观察了阻燃处理前后织物及其垂直燃烧后残炭的外观形貌。结果表明:经CS/PA阻燃处理后织物的极限氧指数(LOI值)可以达到30.6%,经超疏水处理会使其LOI值有所降低,但静态接触角可以达到150°以上,可获得阻燃超疏水功能,并具有一定的水洗耐久性;织物经阻燃超疏水处理,有利于提高其高温稳定性和促进其成炭,CS/PA阻燃涂层可发挥膨胀阻燃作用。     

磷杂菲基共聚协效阻燃聚酰胺6纤维的制备及其性能

为提高聚酰胺6(PA6)纤维的阻燃性能,以10-(2,5-二羧基苯氧基)-10-氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPODP)为共聚阻燃剂,复配二硫化钼(MoS₂)或硫化锌(ZnS),制备DOPODP共聚协效阻燃PA6,经熔融纺丝制备阻燃PA6纤维,并对其结构、性能及阻燃机制进行研究。结果表明:DOPODP经共聚法成功引入PA6,DOPODP可提高PA6的阻燃性能,但其熔融温度、结晶温度等下降;引入协效阻燃剂后,阻燃PA6垂直燃烧(UL94)级别为V-0级,极限氧指数(LOI值)达30%以上;DOPODP对PA6主要表现为气相阻燃作用,DOPODP分解产生含磷自由基可捕获活性自由基,协效阻燃剂可促进PA6成炭;相比PA6纤维,阻燃PA6纤维力学性能下降,而织物的LOI值提高。     

磷/氮阻燃剂对涤纶/棉混纺织物的阻燃整理

为赋予涤纶/棉混纺织物良好的阻燃性能,采用生物质植酸和尿素合成植酸铵盐,通过轧—烘—焙工艺对涤纶/棉混纺织物进行整理。借助傅里叶红外光谱仪对合成阻燃剂植酸铵盐进行表征,并研究了整理后涤纶/棉混纺织物的表面形貌、热稳定性、热释放性能、阻燃性能及其阻燃机制。结果表明:整理后涤纶/棉混纺织物的阻燃性能较好,极限氧指数升高至25.6%,在垂直燃烧测试中能够自熄,炭长降低为12 cm,满足GB/T 17591—2006《阻燃织物》中B₁级阻燃性能的要求;整理后涤纶/棉混纺织物的热稳定性提高,热释放能力降低;植酸铵盐主要通过膨胀型阻燃机制提高涤纶/棉混纺织物的阻燃性能。     

聚乙烯亚胺/植酸层层自组装阻燃涤/棉混纺织物制备及其性能

为实现涤/棉混纺织物的环保阻燃,以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和植酸(PA)为原料,基于层层自组装(LBL)方法,在涤/棉混纺织物表面构建PEI/PA阻燃涂层。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、极限氧指数(LOI)测试仪和垂直燃烧测试仪等对整理前后涤/棉混纺织物的红外特征吸收、微观形貌、热稳定性和阻燃性能进行表征和测定。结果表明:采用LBL方法在涤/棉混纺织物上成功构建PEI/PA阻燃涂层;与未整理的涤/棉混纺织物相比,经过PEI/PA涂层整理后的涤/棉混纺织物LOI值可达32.3%,损毁长度降至98 mm,续燃时间和阴燃时间都为0 s,无熔滴产生,且对织物的断裂强度和白度影响较小;涤/棉混纺织物的热稳定性能得到提高,形成稳定的炭层;经20次洗涤其LOI值大于26%,表现出较好的耐久性。     

静电层层自组装法整理多巴胺改性涤/棉混纺织物的阻燃性能

为了赋予涤/棉混纺织物良好的阻燃性能,以pH值为5、质量分数为1%壳聚糖溶液和pH值为2、质量分数为1.5%植酸钠溶液,通过静电层层自组装法,对经多巴胺改性后的涤/棉(65/35)混纺织物进行阻燃整理。其中正负离子交替沉积1次记为组装1层,第1层内每次组装15 min,第1层后各次组装时间为5 min,共组装15层。探讨了整理后织物极限氧指数(LOI)、炭长、热重、热释放速率、炭渣形貌等性能。结果表明:多巴胺改性可以提高涤/棉混纺织物的反应性,有利于阻燃整理;整理后织物阻燃性能显著提高,LOI值从未整理时的18.8%提高到28.7%;热分解温度比未整理织物大幅提前,炭渣含量较未整理提高了5.7%;整理后织物点燃时间延长,平均热释放速率(HRR)和峰值热释放速率(PHRR)分别为14.16 k W/m2和51.07 k W/m2,相较未整理涤/棉织物下降了84.62%和78.47%,织物燃烧危险性显著降低。     

PPS非织造织物与Nomex织物热稳定性与燃烧性能对比

采用热失重、氧指数及锥形量热法分析并对比了PPS非织造织物与Nomex织物的热稳定性及燃烧性能,结果发现PPS非织造织物的热分解温度比Nomex织物高约100℃,热分解时间延迟约48 s;PPS非织造织物与Nomex织物的氧指数分别为39%和31%;PPS非织造织物比Nomex织物的点燃时间延迟长达48 s;PPS非织造织物的热释放速率峰值(pkHRR)及总释放热(THR)分别为Nomex织物的20%和8%;PPS非织造织物的最大比消光面积(SEA)仅为Nomex织物的53%;另外,PPS非织造织物比Nomex织物的最大烟释放速率(RSR)小27 L/s,出现时间也延迟了40 s。以上结果充分说明PPS非织造织物比Nomex织物热稳定性和阻燃性能更好,火灾强度及发烟量也更小。     

芳纶/阻燃粘胶混纺比对织物阻燃性能的影响

 研究了阻燃纤维Nomex和Lenzing Viscose FR混纺织物的阻燃性能。将2种纤维按不同混纺比制成织物,通过垂直燃烧试验法和LOI法测试分析织物的阻燃性能。研究结果表明:混纺织物比它们各自的纯纺织物阻燃性能要好;采用Nomex和Lenzing Viscose FR混纺,既提高了织物的阻燃性能,又提高了纱线的可纺性并降低了织物的成本。     

Fire retardant property of cotton fabric treated with herbal extract

Flame retardant functionality was imparted in cellulosic textile using spinach leaves juice (SJ), an eco-friendly natural product. The extracted juice was made alkaline and applied in fresh bleached and mercerized cotton fabrics. Flame retardant properties of the control and treated fabrics were analysed in terms of limiting oxygen index (LOI), horizontal and vertical flammability and radiant heat testing. The study showed that the treated fabrics had good flame retardant property compared to control fabrics. The LOI value was found to increase by 1.6 times after application of SJ. As a result of this, the fabric does not catch flame. In horizontal flammability, the treated fabric showed burning with afterglow (without presence of flame) with a propagation rate of 10 mm/min, which is almost nine times lower than the control fabric. The thermal degradation and pyrolysis was studied using thermogravimetric analysis. The chemical composition of the control and SJ-treated cellulosic fabric were analysed by FTIR, SEM and EDX. Durability of the flame retardant functionality to soap washing and weathering had also been studied. After application of SJ, cellulosic fabric sample produced natural green colour. There was no significant change in other physical properties.     

聚丙烯SMS非织造手术衣材料热处理温度研究

研究了聚丙烯纺粘-熔喷-纺粘复合(SMS)非织造手术衣材料在热处理过程中,材料结晶结构与结晶度的变化规律,以及热处理温度对力学性能的影响,结果表明:热处理温度的变化不会改变非织造布的内部晶型结构,非织造布的结晶度随热处理温度的升高而增大,晶粒尺寸随热处理温度升高先增大后减小.随热处理温度的升高,纵横向断裂强力和断裂伸长均呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,为获得更完善的晶型以及稳定的力学性能,合适的后整理温度为110～130℃.     

乙烯基磷氮类阻燃剂在蚕丝织物上的应用

为了探究自制的乙烯基磷氮类阻燃剂（PN）接枝蚕丝织物的阻燃效果,研究了工艺因素对蚕丝织物接枝率的影响,及接枝率与阻燃效果的关系,并对整理后蚕丝织物的阻燃耐洗性能、燃烧后的炭渣形态、磷氮元素含量及织物的物理性能、染色性能进行观察测试。结果表明：PN接枝蚕丝织物阻燃效果好,极限氧指数(LOI)随着接枝率的增大而增大。接枝后蚕丝织物的LOI可达31%, 此时蚕丝的接枝率为15.4%左右。经过50次水洗后,LOI仍有30.9%,且不影响蚕丝织物的物理性能。     

高效无卤阻燃棉织物的制备及其结构与性能

为了提高棉织物的阻燃效果与耐久性,以磷酸二氢铵(NH₄H₂PO₄)和尿素为原料,经磷酸化改性制备无卤耐久阻燃棉织物。通过研究原料物质的量比、反应时间、反应温度对阻燃棉织物接枝率与白度的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件:脱水葡萄糖单元(AGU)、NH₄H₂PO₄与尿素的量比为1∶2.5∶15,反应温度为130 ℃,反应时间为90 min。测试了阻燃棉织物的阻燃性能与耐水洗性能及力学性能等。结果表明:阻燃棉织物的极限氧指数(LOI)由原棉织物的18%提高到50.9%,达到不燃级别;经800 ℃热分解,残炭量上升到40.0%左右,具有优异的热稳定性;经30次标准洗涤测试后,LOI值仍可达到28.5%,表现出较好的耐洗涤性;该法实现了棉织物的高效耐久阻燃。     

A Study on Durable Flame Retardancy of Jute

Flame retardancy was imparted to jute fabric through application of organophosphorus flame retardants (OFR) and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC). The OFR agent was used in conjunction with melamine formaldehyde as binder and phosphoric acid as a catalyst. THPC was applied in the form of a THPC-urea complex. Both the flame retardants were applied to scoured and bleached jute hessian fabrics by conventional pad-dry-cure method. The treated fabric samples were tested for flame retardancy in terms of limiting oxygen index (LOI) as well as vertical flammability and for durability of the finish. There was an increase of up to 116% and 46% in the LOI value of OFR and THPC-treated fabrics respectively as compared to untreated fabric. However improvement in thermal behavior was accompanied by a loss in tenacity of treated fabric. THPC-treated fabrics showed better durability as compared to OFR-treated samples. The TGA and DSC of treated samples showed that at a temperature of 600°C, a large amount (42%) of residue is left and char formation takes place. The process facilitated formation of lower volatiles in treated samples as compared to untreated samples.     

Effect of compressibility on heat transport phenomena in aerogel-treated nonwoven fabrics

The heat transport properties observed in nanostructured materials such as aerogel-treated nonwoven fabrics are promoting revolutionary breakthroughs as thermal insulators. This article is focused on the thermal transport characteristics of nonwoven fabrics treated with aerogel for potential uses in thermal protective applications. Highly efficient aerogel thermal blankets are now considered a viable option in applications such as clothing, building, and pipelines. A variety of fiber and fabric structures or finishing parameters influence the functional properties of nonwoven materials. In order to assess the thermal properties of aerogel-treated nonwoven fabrics, the KES Thermolabo II and NT-H1 (plate/fabric/plate method for thermal conductivity, q_max cool/warm feeling, and thermal insulation) was used. Fabrics of higher thicknesses show lower heat conductance and therefore higher thermal insulation properties. It has been found that thermal insulation is also related to the weight and compressional properties of the fabric. To make an insulating material effective, it should have low compression set and high resiliency to make the still air to be entrapped into the fibrous material.     

Structures and flammability properties of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) fibers containing encapsulated carbon materials

In this paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon microspheres (CMSs) have been microencapsulated to obtain microencapsulated carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) and microencapsulated carbon microspheres (MCMSs). Moreover, a series of PET fibers with CNTs/CMSs or MCNTs/MCMSs were prepared by melt spinning. Morphologic structures, mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties of MCNTs/MCMSs /PET fibers have been studied by TEM, SEM, electronic tension meter, DSC, TG, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and vertical flammability instruments. The results show that the tensile strength of MCNTs/MCMSs/PET fibers are increased because of better dispersion and compatibility of MCNTs/MCMSs in PET and enhanced orientation degrees of fibers, compared with CNTs/CMSs/PET fibers. Moreover, the highest values of mechanical properties are observed with 0.4 wt% content. Meanwhile, the MCNTs/MCMSs/PET fibers have good thermal stabilities and their fabrics have higher LOI value of 25.3%, reaching B1 class of China standard GB 17591-2006. Overall, this method endowed the MCNTs/MCMSs/PET fibers with the good mechanical and flame-retardant properties.     

Development and characterization of jute/polypropylene composite by using comingled nonwoven structures

High melt viscosity of thermoplastic matrices hinders the impregnation of fibers and their consolidation during fabrication of composites. In the present study, matrix (polypropylene) and reinforcement (jute) fibers were comingled at fiber to fiber level (fiber to matrix ratio of 30, 40, 50 and 60%) while making their nonwoven fabrics using dry laid process. Thermoforming process, in which polypropylene fibers are used and then melted for the development of composite plates. The results showed that the composite samples with 0.30 fiber volume fraction have higher mechanical properties (flexural, impact energy), while samples with 0.40 fiber volume fraction have higher tensile properties (tensile strength and modulus) due to good impregnation of fiber and better fiber-matrix interface. The composite having 0.30 fiber volume fraction has lowest value of moisture regain and diffusion coefficients than the other samples. Voids present in the microscopic images also confirmed the weak interface, when the fiber volume fraction increased up to 0.60.     

中空桔瓣型高收缩聚酯/聚酰胺6超细纤维非织造布的制备及其性能

针对中空桔瓣型超细纤维非织造布开纤率低、悬垂性差的问题,以高收缩聚酯(HSPET)、聚酰胺(PA6)为原料,通过双组分纺粘水刺技术制备了不同面密度的HSPET/PA6超细纤维非织造布,分析了热收缩处理对非织造布开纤率、悬垂性、柔软度、透气性、过滤效率以及力学性能的影响.结果 表明:当水刺压力一定时,与PET/PA6非织...