Preparation of microencapsulated carbon microspheres coated by magnesium hydroxide/polyethylene terephthalate flame–retardant functional fibers and its flame retardant properties

In order to improve the compatibility between the flame retardants of carbon microspheres coated by magnesium hydroxide (MH@CMSs) and the PET matrix and improve the spinnability of the masterbatch, MH@CMSs have been microencapsulated by PET to obtain microencapsulated carbon microspheres coated by magnesium hydroxide flame retardants – MMH@CMSs.Morphologies and structures of MMH@CMSs have been studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and FTIR, which showed that an organic shell layer of PET as capsule wall was coated on the surface of MH@CMSs. A series of MMH@CMSs/PET fibers with different MMH@CMSs contents were successfully prepared through the melt-spinning method. The morphology and structure of MMH@CMSs/PET fibers were characterized by SEM and FTIR. The flame retardancy of MMH@CMSs/PET fibers was determined via limiting oxygen index (LOI) test and cone calorimeter. Results showed that the MMH@CMSs/PET fibers possessed optimum flame retardancy when the MMH@CMSs content is 0.6 wt.%, at which the LOI reached a maximum of 25.8, and the pk-HRR, total heat release, and total smoke release were reduced by 27.4, 20, and 13.6%, compared with pure PET fibers, respectively. Moreover, the flame-retardant mechanism was studied by thermogravimetric analysis, thermogravimetric analysis-infrared spectrometry, and the SEM of the residue char, which disclosed that MMH@CMSs enhanced the thermal stability of PET fibers, and promoted PET fibers to form a dense and continuous protective char layer that effectively blocked heat transfer and combustible gas release.     

Improving the flame retardancy of PET fiber by constructing the carbon microspheres based melamine polyphosphate powder

Abstract

Carbon microspheres (CMSs) as carbon source, melamine phosphate (MP) as acid source and gas source, the integrated CMSs based MP composites (SiMP-CMSs) was in-situ prepared to improve the flame retardancy of PET fiber. A series of SiMP-CMSs/PET fiber were prepared by the melt spinning method. By investigating the thermal stability, flame retardancy, flame-retardant mode, crystallization and orientation degree of PET composite fiber, the results showed that, with the addition of 0.9?wt% SiMP-CMSs, the LOI value and vertical combustion grade of SiMP-CMSs/PET composite fiber was 27.4% and B1 level. The main flame-retardant mode of SiMP-CMSs/PET fiber was 31.33% physical barrier, 36.04% flame inhibition and 11.12% catalytic charring. The thermal decomposition temperature was delayed, and the residual amount increased from 11.34% to 16.13%. With the accelerated crystallization rate and the increased grain orientation, the aggregated structure of SiMP-CMSs/PET fiber was also optimized.     

导热结构对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯非等温结晶行为的影响

针对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)中的导热结构会影响纤维材料加工成形、纺织品加工过程以及纤维性能的问题,通过熔融共混法分别制备得到含有碳纳米管、石墨烯的PET复合材料,借助差示扫描量热仪对PET的非等温结晶动力学进行研究.结果表明:掺杂的碳纳米管、石墨烯在PET中起成核剂作用,其质量分数的增加对PET的结晶温度、结晶速...     

Enhancing the flame retardant of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber via incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes based phosphorylated chitosan

Phosphorylated chitosan (PCS) were first deposited on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) surface via chemical modification to obtain functionalized MWNTs-based PCS (PCS-MWNTs). Then, a series of PET fibers with MWNTs or PCS-MWNTs were prepared via melt spinning. The microstructure and molecular structure of PCS-MWNTs were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphological structures, mechanical, thermal, and flame-retardant properties of the PET fibers containing MWNTs or PCS-MWNTs were analyzed by FESEM, therogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, cone and electronic tension meter method. The results showed that MWNTs were coated with PCS. Compared to PET fiber, when the content of PCS-MWNTs was 0.9 wt.%, the PCS-MWNTs/PET fibers exhibited an efficient flame-retardant capacity, with the lower heat release rate and total release rate values of 81.03 kW/m² and 39.05 MJ/m², respectively, decreasing by 130.06 kW/m² and 11.87 MJ/m². The thermal stability of PCS-MWNTs/PET fibers strengthened, and the char residue increased from 7.21 to 13.52%. Compared to MWNTs/PET fiber, the crystallization property and tensile strength of PCS-MWNTs/PET fiber improved, because of the good dispersion and strong interface binding force with the PET fiber. Overall, the PCS layer endowed the MWNTs with good dispersion and flame-retardant characteristics.     

碳纳米管改性相变微胶囊的力学与热学性能

为改善相变微胶囊制备蓄热调温纺织品时存在易破损、传热效率低的问题,通过原位聚合法以三聚氰胺、尿素、甲醛为壁材并掺杂等离子体处理的碳纳米管(CNTs)包覆正十八烷制备相变微胶囊,探讨CNTs对微胶囊力学、热学性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱分析仪、原子力显微镜、差式扫描量热仪和热常数分析仪对所制备的相变微胶囊的表面形貌、力学性能、热学性能进行表征与分析。结果表明：掺杂CNTs的微胶囊近似圆球形,表面较为光滑,力学性能、热传导性能均有提高;当CNTs添加量为2%时,其弹性模量提高了约190%、导热系数提高了近187%;平均相变焓可达到224.4 J/g、包覆率为74.07%。掺杂CNTs对微胶囊的力学、热学性能的改善有利于提高蓄热调温纺织品调温性能。     

聚酰胺基碳纳米管复合纤维的研究现状与进展北大核心CSCD

碳纳米管的力学、电学及热学等性能可赋予聚酰胺纤维良好功能,且聚酰胺基碳纳米管复合纤维能够保持其功能的稳定性。然而,如何提高碳纳米管在聚酰胺基体中的分散效果、降低碳纳米管应用成本,是碳纳米管复合纤维及其纺织品的重要研究方向。因此,本文结合现阶段国内外聚酰胺基碳纳米管复合纤维及纺织品的研究现状,探讨影响聚酰胺基碳纳米管复合纤维结构性能的主要因素和应用前景,为推进碳纳米管在纺织领域中的发展应用提供参考。     

Production and characterization of camouflage poly(ethylene terephthalate) filament yarns during the melt spinning process

The necessity of camouflage in the visible region has been expanded to a broad region of the electromagnetic waves, especially infrared region, due to improving of the night vision cameras. In this investigation, the production of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filament yarns with appropriate camouflage properties in both visible and infrared regions of forest areas in the melt spinning process was studied. C.I. Pigment Green 7 and C.I. Disperse Orange 149 with carbon black (CB) particles were used during the melt spinning to obtain the mentioned camouflage properties. The visible and near infrared wavelength reflectances, the mechanical and thermal properties, and the washing and light fastnesses of the camouflage PET filament yarn samples were evaluated. The results showed that the use of the optimum blend content of the mentioned dyes with CB particles during the melt spinning process could make desired camouflage properties in the PET drawn fibers. Moreover, acceptable mechanical and thermal properties accompanied with good to excellent washing and light fastnesses were observed for the optimized camouflage PET filament yarns.     

分子内阻燃PET纤维的结构性能

 以反应性无卤阻燃剂CEPPA为第三单体,通过共聚改性制备了分子内阻燃PET树脂,并经熔融纺丝纺制阻燃PET纤维。利用元素分析和核磁共振分析了阻燃PET树脂中的磷含量,结果表明大部分CEPPA聚合到PET分子链中。对阻燃PET纤维结晶性能、染色行为、力学性能及燃烧性能也进行了研究,结果表明阻燃PET纤维的结晶度随着磷含量的增加而降低,这导致了纤维染色性能的提高。阻燃PET纤维采用分散染料在常压沸染条件下上染率可达90%以上。此外纤维具有优异的阻燃性能,极限氧指数(LOI)值约为35%,并且抗熔滴性能得到了改善.     

碳纳米管/聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜的制备及其压电性能

为提高聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)的压电性能,采用静电纺丝法将碳纳米管(CNTs)引入到PVDF纳米纤维膜中制备CNTs/PVDF纳米纤维膜,并组装成三明治结构的柔性压电传感器,探究CNTs质量分数对CNTs/PVDF纳米纤维膜压电性能的影响。借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、万能试验机以及数字示波器对纳米纤维的形貌、结构、力学性能及压电性能进行表征。结果表明:CNTs/PVDF纳米纤维膜具有良好的力学特性,CNTs的添加有利于晶体结构中β晶型的形成;当CNTs质量分数为5%时,CNTs/PVDF纳米纤维的晶体结构中β晶型含量最多,压电性能最强,此时柔性传感器的输出电压达到最大值7.5 V。     

碳点对阻燃聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯性能的影响

为探究零维碳纳米材料碳点(CDs)对阻燃聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(FRPET)热力学性能、阻燃性能、力学性能及荧光性能的影响,将对PET具有良好阻燃效果的共聚型阻燃剂2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸(CEPPA)与碳点同时采用原位聚合的方式添加到PET基体中,研究碳点添加量对FRPET各项性能的影响规律。通过极限氧指数(LOI值)、垂直燃烧(UL94)、锥形量热(CONE)等测试分析不同碳点添加量对FRPET的性能影响。结果表明:在碳点添加量为1.50%时,FRPET的LOI值最高可达34%,垂直燃烧级别为V-0级,较只添加CEPPA的FRPET引燃时间变长、热释放速率峰值与平均热释放速率及总热释放量均降低;加入CDs后FRPET的力学性能也有很大改善,且赋予了荧光性能,有益于拓宽FRPET的应用领域。     

Properties of recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/hyperbranched polyester (HBPET) composite fibers

Hyperbranched polyester (HBPET) with aliphatic–aromatic structure was synthesized and extruded with recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) (RPET) chips obtained from used water bottles, with ratio of 0.5% and 1?wt% of HBPET. Filament fibers from pure recycled PET (RPET-0) and (RPET-0.5 and RPET-1) composite were spun using a melt spinning process and drawn by a thermal drawing process to improve their mechanical properties. The effects of addition of HBPET on the properties of produced fibers as well as draw ratio are investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), universal tensile analysis, and sonic velocity. It was found that mechanical properties of the (RPET-0.5 and RPET-1) fibers were improved with respect to pure recycled PET (PET-0) fibers. Moreover, the crystallinity of composites fibers was also increased with an increasing of HBPET content. The improvement in mechanical properties may be due to the increase of orientation of fiber molecules along the fiber axis. Moreover, addition of HBPET serves as lubricant within recycled PET matrix which increased its mechanical properties.     

多壁碳纳米管调控聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物超细纤维的结构与性能

通过超声处理,将改性后的多壁碳纳米管与聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物制成共混纺丝液.将该纺丝液进行静电纺丝即可制备多壁碳纳米管／聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物复合超细纤维,并用场发射扫描电镜( FE-SEM)、差热分析( DSC)、热重分析(TGA)、多功能拉伸仪和透射电镜(TEM)对超细纤维的表面形貌、热性能、力学性能和多壁碳纳米管的分...     

Mechanical and functional evaluations of flaming-retardant/far-infrared composite nonwoven fabrics

This study aims to investigate the mechanical properties, far-infrared (FIR) emissivity, and limiting oxygen index (LOI) of FIR ray/low-melting-point (LM) nonwoven fabrics, flame retardant (FR)/LM nonwoven fabrics, and FIR/FR/LM composite nonwoven fabrics, which are with or without heat treatment and also investigating the effect of heat treatment on the LM polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers. Test results show that for FIR/LM nonwoven fabrics, applying heat treatment leads to the better mechanical properties and FIR emissivity of 0.90. For FR/LM nonwoven fabrics, unheat-treatment samples have greater mechanical properties and an LOI of 34. For FIR/FR/LM composite nonwoven fabrics, the unheat-treated samples exhibit greater tensile properties, but the heat-treated samples exhibit greater puncture resistance, burst strength, and FIR emissivity. The structural parameters of the composite nonwoven fabrics can be adjusted according to the demand of users in terms of FIR emissivity and flame retardancy, and the composite nonwoven fabrics are thus expected to be used as construction materials for medical systems.     

聚磷腈改性沸石咪唑酯骨架材料的制备及其在聚酯阻燃中的应用

为提高聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的阻燃性能,以六水合硝酸锌和2-甲基咪唑制备沸石咪唑酯骨架材料(ZIF-8),之后用六氯环三磷腈和4,4 -二羟基二苯砜对ZIF-8进行表面修饰合成一种ZIF-8聚环三磷睛-共磺酰基双酰/(PZS)亚微米颗粒,并与PET通过熔融共混制备PET阻燃复合材料。借助热重分析仪、极限氧指数仪、垂直燃烧仪、万能材料试验机以及扫描电镜等对复合材料的热稳定性、阻燃抗熔滴性、力学性能以及阻燃机制进行分析。结果表明:添加6%的ZIF-8/PZS亚微米颗粒使PET的极限氧指数(LOI值)提高到29.2%,并通过UL-94 V-0等级,而复合材料的力学性能没有受到严重影响;ZIF-8/PZS可以在气相和凝聚相中同时发挥效用,从而赋予PET复合材料优异的阻燃性能。     

聚氨酯基碳纳米管-液态金属导电纤维的制备及其性能

为改善碳纳米管(CNT)作为导电填料弹性性能不足的问题,以CNT和液态金属(LM)为导电填料,热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)为基体,选用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作为溶剂,去离子水为凝固浴,通过湿法纺丝制备了CNT/LM/TPU导电纤维,并研究了LM和CNT 2种导电填料对纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明:当导电填料LM质量分数为40%,CNT质量分数为10%时,CNT/LM/TPU纤维的力学性能大幅度提升,断裂强度为10.16 MPa,断裂伸长率为252%;CNT/LM/TPU纤维具有良好的导电性能,其电导率为5.41 S/m,可以用作导线点亮电路,在100%和200%的拉伸应变下电路仍有电流通过,且经20次循环拉伸后仍具有稳定的电阻回复性;此外,该纤维还具有良好的抗菌性能,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达到92.61%。     

环三磷腈和三嗪衍生物协同阻燃对聚酯性能的影响

为提高聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET） 的阻燃性能,合成了阻燃剂（4?烯丙氧羰基苯氧基） 环三磷腈（HACP）和三（4?烯丙氧羰基苯氧基）?1,3,5?三嗪（TATZ）,并与PET通过熔融共混制备了PET/HACP/TATZ复合材料。采用极限氧指数仪、垂直燃烧仪、微型量热仪、热失重分析测试仪、差示扫描量热仪和拉伸试验机等测试仪器对复合材料的阻燃性能、热稳定性能、力学性能和成炭性能进行测试与分析。结果表明：HACP和TATZ的协同阻燃性不仅提高了PET材料的阻燃效率,而且降低了对基材PET力学性能的负面影响,复合材料的极限氧指数值达到32.4%,垂直燃烧性能达到V-0 级,热释放速率较纯PET下降了30.9%。     

碳纳米管基吸波复合材料的制备及其在纺织领域的应用研究进展

为有效解决碳纳米管在电磁吸波领域存在磁损耗性能弱和阻抗不匹配的问题,综述了近期国内外碳纳米管和磁性金属类复合材料电磁波吸收性能的最新研究进展.首先介绍了碳纳米管的吸波机制;其次围绕碳纳米管进行分析,详细总结了碳纳米管和磁性金属及其金属化合物复合材料的制备方法、影响因素、吸波机制和吸波效果,同时阐述了其在纺织领域的制备及...     

碳纳米管/聚合物温差发电复合纺织材料的制备及其性能

为得到一种新型的柔性可穿戴温差发电织物,通过聚（3,4?乙烯二氧噻吩）与聚苯乙烯磺酸（PEDOT/PSS）将 碳纳米管（CNTs）均匀分散,采用浸渍烘干法,制备 CNTs/PEDOT/PSS 温差发电复合材料。借助扫描电子显微镜、X 射线衍射仪表征了该温差发电复合纺织材料的表面形貌和结晶情况,测试了不同质量分数 CNTs 下的 Seebeck 系数、 电导率和热导率,通过计算热电优值讨论了其热电性能,并研究了透湿性、折皱回复性等服用性能。结果表明：随着 CNTs 质量分数的增加,Seebeck 系数和电导率增大,热导率保持在较低的水平,热电优值增加,热电性能逐渐增强,透 湿性稍有下降,折皱回复性得到提高;在CNTs 质量分数为0.4% 时,热电优值达到2.99 ×10-9。     

铜离子改性海藻酸钙纤维的性能

采用硫酸铜溶液浸泡处理海藻酸钙纤维,制得了铜离子改性海藻酸钙纤维;测试了改性后纤维的红外光谱、物理机械性能、耐食盐性能、吸湿性、抗菌性、热分解性能以及极限氧指数(LOI)等.其中,断裂强度为3.28 cN/dtex,比未改性的纤维强度提高了25%.耐食盐性提高,在食盐溶液中浸泡未发生凝胶化,但仍会发生损伤,造成纤维的断裂强度下降,而吸湿性和阻燃性能下降,但对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用显著且效果持久.     

基于碳纳米管富集净化作用和电化学特性的真菌毒素检测方法研究进展

真菌毒素污染是造成粮食和食品安全问题的重要因素之一,高效的真菌毒素分析检测方法,能够为真菌毒素的高通量快速筛查提供可靠的技术支持。近年来,碳纳米管成为真菌毒素检测领域的研究热点。碳纳米管具有吸附能力强、表面可修饰、易分离和良好的生物相容性等特点,在很多领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文根据碳纳米管的特性及真菌毒素的污染特点,对真菌毒素的检测现状作了简要介绍,对基于碳纳米管的真菌毒素检测技术研究进行综述,并展望了真菌毒素检测技术发展的新趋势。