羟基有机硅微乳液的制备及应用

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO9)作乳化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为催化剂,通过八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)的开环聚合反应,合成了羟基硅微乳液.考察了加料方式、聚合温度、聚合时间、预乳液滴加时间、DBSA和AEO9的质量比、催化剂用量对微乳液性能的影响.较佳工艺为:采用预乳化法转化率较高;DBSA与AEO9的质量比为3∶ 2,DBSA用量为反应物质量的3%,预乳液滴加时间为1.5～2 h;反应温度60～70 ℃,聚合时间4h.在此条件下制得的产品为半透明乳液,略泛蓝光,并且具有优异的稳定性能;用其处理后的织物具有良好的柔软性和白度,并且能赋予组织良好的亲水性.     

微乳液法制备导电聚苯胺及其在防腐涂层中的应用

采用微乳液聚合法,以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)和盐酸(HCl)为掺杂剂、OP-10为助乳化剂、过硫酸铵为氧化剂,制备了聚苯胺悬浮液。探讨了主要原料用量和工艺参数对聚苯胺电导率的影响,确定最优反应条件为:n(DBSA):n(HCl)=3:2,n(酸):n(苯胺)=2:1,n(氧化剂):n(苯胺)=1:1,m(OP-10):m(苯胺)=2:3,反应时间9 h,反应温度30℃。将所制聚苯胺悬浮液直接与水性环氧乳液混合均匀后加入配套固化剂,通过电化学测量和浸泡试验研究了所得涂层的防腐性能。结果表明其防腐性能相比纯环氧涂层得到非常大的提高。     

乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷/D4共聚微乳液

在十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)存在下,将八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)与乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)进行乳液共聚反应,制备了乙烯基改性的有机硅微乳液.考察了DBSA用量、原料配比等条件对乳液聚合及乳胶粒形态的影响.结果表明,当DBSA用量为体系质量的3%～4%,VTES用量为体系质量的1%～2%时,得到的微乳液较稳定;随VTES用量的增加,粒径越来越大,粒径分布越来越窄;体系的酸性较强时得到的粒子均一,分散较好,反应速率也随酸性减小而降低.     

有机硅改性丙烯酸酯涂料印花粘合剂的合成与应用

将八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)与含乙烯基的硅烷偶联剂进行开环聚合,制得聚硅氧烷乳液。研究了聚合反应条件对D4开环聚合的影响。结果表明:当w[十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)]=4.0%(相对于乳液而言)、w(乳化剂OP-10)=3.0%(相对于乳液而言)、w[偶联剂(KH-151)]=2%(相对于D4而言)以及70℃反应3h时,可制得单体转化率高、乳液稳定性好的聚硅氧烷乳液;将该乳液用于丙烯酸酯乳液的改性,可制得柔软性好、色牢度佳的涂料印花粘合剂。     

毛用亲水性有机硅柔软剂

西安工程大学的罗明勇等人以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）为乳化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸（DBSA）为催化剂,通过D4开环聚合,制得阴离子有机硅微乳液;再对其进行氨基、聚醚改性,得到毛用亲水性有机硅柔软剂。结果表明,采用预乳液滴加法单体的转化率较高;较佳工艺条件为：D4的质量分数为20％,聚合温度60～70℃,     

毛用亲水性有机硅柔软剂

西安工程大学的罗明勇等人以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）为乳化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸（DBSA）为催化剂,通过D4开环聚合,制得阴离子有机硅微乳液;再对其进行氨基、聚醚改性,得到毛用亲水性有机硅柔软剂。结果表明,采用预乳液滴加法单体的转化率较高;较佳工艺条件为：D4的质量分数为20％,聚合温度60～70℃,     

苯丙乳液聚合稳定性研究

采用乳液聚合的方式,以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)为乳化剂,合成了含功能性单体丙烯酸的苯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯的共聚乳液.考察了不同的反应温度、不同的引发剂用量、不同的乳化剂用量和配比等因素对聚合反应工艺的影响,发现当引发剂质量分数0.5%,乳化剂质量分数4%,SDS、SDBS和OP-10的质量比为2:1:9,反应温度为80 ℃±2 ℃,丙烯酸含量为2%时乳液的凝聚率最低.     

乙烯基有机硅乳液的合成研究

采用乳液聚合法，由八甲基环四硅氧烷（D4）开环聚合、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷（硅烷偶联剂A-171）共聚改性制得半透明的乙烯基改性有机硅乳液，以该乳液做种子乳液为下一步的接枝改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液作准备。详细讨论了聚合反应条件对乙烯基改性有机硅乳液的D4转化率及其稳定性的影响。结果表明：在聚合反应温度为80℃，催化剂十二烷基苯磺酸（DBSA）用量为D4质量的5％，A-171为3％，混合乳化剂SDS和OP-10总量为3％，SDS和OP-10的质量比为2／1，D4与水的质量比为1／2，制得的乙烯基改性有机硅乳液的D4转化率最高，达到80．6％，稳定性最好。     

D4的微乳液聚合

以八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)为原料,在十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)催化下进行微乳液聚合反应,制得有机硅乳液.讨论了催化剂用量、乳化剂用量、加料方式、单体滴加速度对微乳液粒径及粒径分布的影响.结果表明:在一定范围内,随着催化剂、乳化剂用量的加大,乳胶粒粒径变小,粒径分布变宽;当催化剂DBSA用量为微乳液质量的3%、乳化剂OP用量为微乳液质量的2%、DBSA与乳化剂的质量比为3∶2、单体滴加时间为0.5 h时,聚二甲基硅氧烷的摩尔质量最大;与一次加料法相比,采用单体滴加法时乳胶粒的粒径更小,粒径分布更窄;单体滴加时间越长,乳胶粒的粒径越小,粒径分布越宽.     

阴-非离子松香乳化剂的制备和应用

以非离子乳化剂Tween-20为原料,无水醋酸钠为催化剂,利用磺化和酯化反应,合成性能优良的改性阴-非离子松香乳化剂。用该乳化剂制备松香乳液,并对松香乳液的粒径和稳定性进行了研究。通过对乳化剂合成工艺影响因素考察,得出最佳工艺条件:催化剂用量1.25%、反应温度80℃、反应时间4 h、n(OP-10)︰n(马来酸酐)=1︰1。使用该条件下自制乳化剂制备的松香乳液的稳定性好、粒径较小。     

聚苯胺微乳液的制备及其在水性醇酸涂料中的应用

采用微乳液聚合法制备了十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)掺杂聚苯胺(PANI)微乳液(PANI-DBSA),制备了水性醇酸树脂与不同含量PANI-DBSA的共混防腐涂料。通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和热重分析对PANI-DBSA的性能进行了表征,用耐水性、耐盐水性、耐盐雾性和动电位极化曲线表征涂层防腐性能。结果表明:不同含量的PANI-DBSA没有明显改变涂层的附着力和硬度,但严重影响涂层的防腐性能。当水性醇酸涂料中含有固含量为0.4%的PANI-DBSA时,涂层耐腐蚀性最佳。     

含可聚合乳化剂的苯丙乳液合成及其在复膜胶中的应用

以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为阴离子型乳化剂、辛烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚-10(OP-10)为非离子型乳化剂、烯丙氧基壬基苯氧基丙醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵(SE-10)为可聚合型乳化剂、苯乙烯(St)为硬单体、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为软单体和丙烯酸(AA)为功能单体等,在复合乳化剂OP-10/SDBS、OP-10/SE-10作用下分别制备了纸/塑、塑/塑复膜胶。结果表明:SE-10的乳化效果优于SDBS,前者可有效提高复膜胶的初粘力和剥离强度,并可有效降低乳胶粒的平均粒径;以OP-10/SE-10作为复合乳化剂,当w(AA)=8.3%时,复膜胶的初粘力和剥离强度均达到最大值,并且其热稳定性相对较好。     

丙烯酸酯乳液的合成及改性研究

以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯(2-EHA)为软单体、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为硬单体、丙烯酸(AA)为功能单体、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为交联单体和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/乳化剂(OP-10)为阴/非离子型复合乳化剂,采用核/壳种子乳液聚合法制备了丙烯酸酯共聚乳液;然后在壳层聚合时寸加入HEMA,并用乙烯基有机硅进行改性,制得硅丙乳液。结果表明:当m(SDS):m(OP-10)=3:2、w(复合乳化剂)=3.4%、w(引发剂)=0.82%、w(HEMA)=3.5%、聚合温度为80℃以及聚合中期加入6.8%乙烯基硅油至壳单体中时,硅丙乳液及其胶膜的稳定性、耐水性和力学性能俱佳。     

Microwave‐irradiated ring‐opening polymerization of D,L‐lactide under atmosphere

Poly(D ,L ‐lactide) (PDLLA) was synthesized by microwave‐irradiated ring‐opening polymerization catalyzed by stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)₂) under atmosphere. The effects of heating medium, monomer purity, catalyst concentration, microwave irradiation time, and vacuum level were discussed. Under the appropriate conditions such as carborundum (SiC) as heating‐medium, 0.15% catalyst, lactide with purity above 99.9%, 450 W microwave power, 30 min irradiation time, and atmosphere, PDLLA with a viscosity–average molecular weight (M_η) over 2.0 × 10⁵ and a yield over 85% was obtained. The dismission of vacuum to ring‐opening polymerization of D ,L ‐lactide (DLLA) under microwave irradiation simplified the process greatly. The temperature under microwave irradiation and conventional heating was compared. The largely enhanced ring‐opening polymerization rate of DLLA under microwave irradiation was the coeffect of thermal effects and microwave effects. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2244–2247, 2006     

Investigation on rapid degradation of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) under microwave irradiation in the presence of modified activated carbon powder with ferreous sulfate

The modification of activated carbon powder (ACP) with ferreous sulfate and the degradation of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) under microwave irradiation combined with the modified ACP were studied in this work. The research results showed that the catalytic activity of the modified ACP depended on the concentration and acidity of ferreous sulfate solution as well as immersing time. Also, the influences of irradiation time, initial concentration and acidity of SDBS solution and addition amount of modified ACP on the degradation were assessed. UV-vis spectra, FT-IR spectra, ionic chromatography, HPLC and TOC technologies were brought to bear in assessing the modification and the degradation processes. For modified ACP, under given conditions such as 100 mg/L SDBS solution, 1.20 g/L catalyst dose and pH = 6.0, a high degradation ratio (75.5%) was obtained for 25 mL solution within 90 s microwave irradiation, while it was only 59.59% for unmodified ACP. Furthermore, the degradation ratios could reach 100% by the appropriate increase of addition dose (e.g. 2.80 g/L) of modified ACP or the extension of irradiation time (e.g. 230 s). Whereas, for unmodified ACP, the corresponding degradation ratios were only 88.71% or 83.54%, respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that the method adopting microwave irradiation combined with the modified ACP reveals many advantages of rapid degradation rate, low cost, no residual intermediates and no secondary pollution in actual application.     

Preparation and properties of alkoxysilane/acrylate copolymer microemulsion

A novel alkoxysilane/acrylate copolymer microemulsion was prepared by copolymerization of vinylmethyldiethoxysilane and acrylic monomers using a composite emulsifier system composing of ordinary anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), nonionic po1yoxyethylene octylphenol ether (OP-10), and n-butanol as co-surfactant, ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The effects of polymerization processes, reaction conditions and the polymer content on the copolymer microemulsion were investigated, respectively. The structure of the copolymer was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. FT-IR spectrum analysis of the latex film indicated that copolymerization occurred. The morphology and size of the microlatex particles had been characterized by TEM and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), respectively. Results showed that seeded microemulsion polymerization with a high temperature emulsification process was superior for producing stable copolymer microlatexes. With high alkoxysilane content (30 wt.%), high copolymer content (37.5 wt.%) and low emulsifiers content (5 wt.%), the nanoparticles in the range from 20 nm to 60 nm were obtained.     

反应性聚硅氧烷微乳液的合成研究

采用微乳液聚合法,以八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)为原料,合成半透明的反应性聚硅氧烷微乳液,研究了聚合工艺因素对单体转化率、乳液透射率、粒径及乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明,当D4用量为10%,DBSA用量为12%(占D4),KH-570用量为6%(占D4),乳化剂SDS、AEO-7、AEO-9按质量比4∶2∶1复合,用量为6%,助乳化剂正丁醇用量为0.5%,温度为80~85℃,反应时间为5 h时,所制备的反应性聚硅氧烷微乳液单体转化率可达85.63%,外观半透明,无漂油,粒径在40~50 nm。     

催化湿式氧化高浓度十二烷基苯磺酸钠废水催化剂的研究

以过渡金属氧化物CuO为主活性组分通过对Co3O4的复合和掺入电子助剂CeO2的考察,研制出适用于催化湿式氧化处理高浓度十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)废水的复合催化剂。考察了各组分浸渍液浓度、焙烧温度和焙烧时间等制备条件对催化剂的催化活性和稳定性的影响,确定了最佳制备条件。结果表明制备的催化剂在合适的条件使CODCr去除率达到88.4%。     

微乳液法降低含油污泥黏度

含油污泥黏度高,流动性差,是含油污泥中油分回收资源化利用的关键瓶颈。基于含油污泥的黏度和流变特性,研究了添加微乳液降低油泥黏度的方法。探讨了微乳液添加量、表面活性剂种类、表面活性剂复配对降黏效果的影响。结果表明,对于所研究的炼化含油污泥,微乳液添加量为25%时,黏度可以降低95%以上,且微乳液可以和油泥均匀混合无分层。微乳液选用单一的表面活性剂时,十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）的降黏效果最好。当烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）和SDBS按2：1的比例复配且添加量为25%时,黏度可以降低99%以上,降黏效果要优于两者单独使用的效果。