废塑料油加氢精制的研究

实验以废塑料油为原料,在Zr/γ-Al2O3-HY催化剂的作用下进行加氢精制反应,探究了反应温度、压力、空速以及氢油比等因素对加氢精制效果的影响。实验表明,加氢精制效果最佳条件为:反应温度为210℃、反应压力为6.0 MPa、空速0.5 h-1以及氢油比为800:1。柴油收率为83.0%。加氢后得到的柴油凝点为-12℃,色度为1.0,闪点为54.2,十六烷值为53.7。     

中低温煤焦油加氢改质工艺研究

在小型固定床加氢装置上,用加氢精制催化剂和加氢裂化催化剂对陕北的中低温煤焦油进行加氢改质工艺研究.着重考察反应温度、反应压力、氢油体积比和液体体积空速对加氢效果的影响,得到了优化的工艺条件:反应压力14 MPa,反应温度390℃,氢油体积比1 600:1,液体体积空速0.25 h-1.加氢改质产品切割得到汽油、柴油和尾油馏分,分别占产物质量的9.82%,73.12%和16.43%.汽柴油馏分经过简单处理后可以得到合格的产品,加氢尾油可以作为优质的催化裂化或加氢裂化原料.     

流化床甲醇制汽油工艺条件的研究

改性ZSM-5分子筛经过喷雾干燥得到100~200目的催化剂粉,在内径为32 mm流化床反应器内进行甲醇制汽油(MTG)的催化性能评价实验。考察了质量空速、反应温度、反应压力等工艺条件对MTG的影响,分析了甲醇转化率、汽油收率、产物分布和产物的变化规律。结果表明,提高压力有利于增加汽油收率;加入镧系元素催化剂在反应温度为380℃,反应压力为0.5 MPa、空速4.6 h~(-1)的条件下,甲醇转化率为100%,汽油收率可达30%左右。     

低温热解焦油馏分加氢精制的研究

在滴流床反应装置上,采用3822催化剂对天祝煤MRF热解工艺低温焦油210℃～360℃馏分进行了加氢精制研究,着重考察了反应温度、氢气压力和空速对产品油性质及组成的影响,发现在氢气压力15．2MPa,空速0．5h－1,H2／油体积比为1500,反应温度390℃的条件下通过一段加氢精制可制取合格的柴油产品,进一步强化反应条件,对焦油馏分深度加氢精制可制取高十六烷值的柴油产品。     

DBS-10超低硫柴油加氢精制催化剂工业应用

DBS-10超低硫柴油加氢精制催化剂首次工业应用于中国石油天然气集团公司大庆石化公司新建1.2 Mt·a^-1柴油加氢精制装置,为了考察DBS-10超低硫柴油加氢精制催化剂的烯烃、芳烃饱和能力和脱硫效果,对装置进行标定。结果表明,采用质量比为43.4∶40.4∶16.2的催化柴油、焦化柴油和焦化汽油混合原料,在反应温度330 ℃、氢分压6.4 MPa、空速2.5 h^-1和氢油体积比为500∶1条件下,超低硫加氢精制催化剂DBS-10催化性能良好,能够满足柴油质量升级要求,精制柴油产品总硫质量分数达到0.003 7%以下,符合国Ⅳ标准要求。催化剂具有良好的烯烃、芳烃饱和能力和脱硫效果。     

FH-UDS催化剂对焦化柴油的加氢脱氮反应性能研究

采用 FH-UDS 催化剂对焦化柴油进行加氢脱氮反应性能研究,考察了温度、压力、空速等反应条件对加氢脱氮效果的影响.结果表明,以上海石化焦化柴油为原料,在反应温度为 380 ℃,氢分压为 8.0 MPa,体积空速为 1.0,1.5 h-1,氢油体积比为 500 的条件下,加氢精制柴油产品中的氮质量分数分别为19 μg/...     

Ni-W/SSY-Beta-Al_2O_3柴油加氢转化催化剂研究

采用SSY型分子筛、不同硅铝比Beta分子筛与大孔氢氧化铝干胶混捏制备SSY-Beta-Al_2O_3载体,等体积浸渍法制备Ni-W/SSY-Beta-Al_2O_3加氢转化催化剂,采用BET、Py-IR、XRD、NH_3-TPD对制备的催化剂及载体进行表征。在100 mL固定床加氢装置上,工业Ni-Mo型柴油加氢精制催化剂与Ni-W/SSY-Beta-Al_2O_3加氢转化催化剂级配装填,以劣质催化裂化柴油为原料,对加氢转化催化剂进行活性评价。结果表明,随着Beta分子筛硅铝比的增加,催化剂表面的L酸中心先减少后增多,B酸中心先增加后减少,催化剂的弱酸酸量先增多后减少,中强酸与强酸酸量变化不明显。在氢油体积比700∶1、反应压力8.0 MPa、精制段反应温度360℃,体积空速1.25 h^(-1),转化段反应温度400℃,体积空速1.35 h^(-1)的条件下,CYB-3催化剂加氢转化产品液相收率高达97.73%,汽油馏分收率63.72%,辛烷值91.66,柴油馏分收率33.69%,十六烷值比原料提高8.96,凝点小于-35℃。     

煤焦油加氢脱芳工艺条件的优化

在连续流动固定床加氢装置上,采用Ni W-P/Al_2O_3催化剂对高温煤焦油脱除大部分S、N、O后经蒸馏切割得到的芳烃质量分数较高的柴油馏分进行加氢精制,考察了反应温度、反应压力、液体体积空速和氢油体积比对芳烃脱除率和产物分布的影响,得到的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度为340℃,反应压力为8.0 MPa,液体体积空速为0.3 h~(-1),氢油体积比为1 500。结果表明,适宜的反应温度和氢油体积比、较高的反应压力和较低的液体体积空速有利于柴油馏分中芳烃的脱除,其脱除率达到70%以上。     

FDS-1型加氢精制催化剂对焦化汽柴油深度加氢脱硫性能研究

在考察了FDS-1型加氢精制催化剂加氢脱硫性能,在抚顺石化公司研究院中试评价装置上,以焦化汽油、焦化柴油、催化柴油和直馏柴油的混合油为原料,进行国Ⅴ柴油生产工艺条件考察实验。结果表明,在氢分压7.5 MPa、空速1.5 h-1下,温度为330～340℃时,精制柴油硫、氮含量能够达到国Ⅳ质量指标,当温度为340～360℃时,精制柴油硫、氮含量能够达到国Ⅴ质量指标。     

微界面强化混合柴油加氢精制中试研究

基于微界面强化技术，以混合柴油为原料，在催化剂装填量为2 L的上行式固定床装置上开展了柴油加氢精制中试研究。考察了反应压力、反应温度、V(氢)/V(油)和空速等工艺参数及不同类型催化剂对微界面强化柴油加氢精制脱硫脱氮性能的影响。研究结果表明，在工艺条件考察范围内微界面强化加氢脱硫效果明显优于常规上行式反应器，随着生成油中w(硫)的降低，2者差异程度缩小。以w(硫)为1.58%的混合柴油为原料，采用HRC-1催化剂，与常规上行床柴油加氢相比，脱硫率为99.75%时，微界面强化加氢的反应压力可降低3 MPa以上；在反应压力高于5.0 MPa时，微界面强化加氢脱氮率大于98.2%。以w(硫)为1.02%的混合柴油为原料，采用HRC-2和HRC-3级配催化剂，在空速为0.8 h^-1、反应压力5.7 MPa、反应温度365℃的条件下，V(氢)/V(油)≥500时，微界面强化加氢生成油中w(硫)等主要指标均可满足国Ⅵ柴油标准要求。该工艺可为中低压下微界面强化混合柴油加氢工业放大提供参考。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。