强磁场下Ni-Cu系原子的扩散行为

采用Cu/Ni/Cu扩散偶研究强磁场对Ni?Cu系原子扩散行为的影响。发现该扩散偶在有、无强磁场条件下退火处理时,Ni?Cu 系原子互扩散过程中的互扩散系数随着互扩散区内 Ni 原子摩尔分数的增加而增加,并且在强磁场条件下退火处理后,所有的互扩散系数均小于相应条件下无磁场处理时的互扩散系数。表明强磁场的施加延迟了Ni?Cu系原子的互扩散行为。分析指出,上述强磁场对原子扩散的延迟行为是通过降低互扩散过程中的频率因子而不是互扩散激活能来实现的。     

等径弯曲通道变形制备超细晶铜的热稳定性

室温下采用等径弯曲通道变形(Equal Channel Angular Pressing,ECAP)C方式进行了纯铜(99.95%)12道次挤压变形。通过等温和等时退火,研究ECAP变形后铜的退火行为,并研究了等径弯曲通道变形和退火后纯铜的显微硬度和显微结构变化。分析了ECAP应变量、退火时间和退火温度对超细晶铜的再结晶行为、抗软化性能的影响。结果表明:ECAP变形后的超细晶铜在退火过程中,表现出不连续再结晶现象;ECAP降低了铜的热稳定性,变形道次越高再结晶温度越低。退火后稳态晶粒尺寸随变形道次的增加而细化,硬度值随变形道次的增加而增大,回归分析表明,晶粒尺寸与硬度之间的关系符合Hall-Petch公式。     

Ti14钛合金半固态下的变形行为研究

研究了Ti14钛合金半固态条件下的变形行为。半固态变形后．由于液相的出现，加快了原子扩散的能力．其变形激活能明显高于钛合金固态变形时的激活能。结果表明，变形后，晶界、晶内液相长大，形成了宽化的晶界和网格状结构。     

铜/锡界面间扩散行为分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法,基于MEAM原子间作用势模型模拟了钎焊过程中固液界面扩散过程,从原子尺度对液态钎料原子向母材金属中的扩散行为进行模拟计算.计算了锡钎料在510 K温度下向母材中的扩散系数.结果表明,当扩散反应达到平衡态时,原子位移平均平方代换与反应时间成线性关系,钎料原子在x与y矢量方向扩散速度相近,且远大于z方向扩散速率.根据爱因斯坦扩散方程计算得到界面反应过程中钎料原子在xyz三个矢量方向上的扩散系数分别为2.03×10-9,2.05×10-9,5.06×10-10 cm2/s.z方向扩散系数模拟值同试验值比较,模拟结果与试验结果吻合一致.     

纯钛室温ECAP和旋锻复合变形过程中的织构演变

采用等径弯曲通道挤压(ECAP)和旋锻(RS)复合工艺在室温下对纯钛进行大塑性变形,利用X射线衍射技术分析了纯钛室温ECAP和ECAP+RS复合变形过程中的织构演变规律.结果表明,随着室温ECAP变形道次的增加,原始基面织构逐渐向锥面织构和柱面织构转变,且织构强度减弱.室温ECAP变形过程中晶粒取向的变化主要以晶向绕T...     

SiCp/Al复合材料等径角挤压工艺研究

研究了等径角挤压(ECAP)工艺对喷射沉积SiCp/7090Al复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,ECAP温度对变形行为的影响明显,SiC颗粒在剪切应力的作用下得到破碎,破碎的SiC颗粒之间产生的空洞在较低温度下难以被基体合金填充;提高等径角挤压温度至350 ℃以上时,破碎的SiC颗粒之间的空隙逐渐被基体填充、粘合,并可在一定范围内随基体合金流动,其分布均匀性明显提高,因此在本试验条件下最佳ECAP温度为400 ℃.以Bc路径进行ECAP时的力学性能优异,经过4个道次的变形后,获得等轴晶粒,晶粒尺寸为400 nm.     

AZ31镁合金等径角变形与断裂行为研究

研究了AZ31镁合金在150～250℃、等效应变速率0.001～0.25 s-1内一道次等温等径角变形(ECAP)过程中的变形与断裂行为。剪切带和剪切断裂的观察结果可由量化应力集中趋势的局部流变集中参数α来预测。结果表明,AZ31镁合金在ECAP变形过程中极易发生局部剪切,而均匀变形只发生在高温和低应变率条件下;通过材料性能对局部流变趋势的影响,可选择最优的加工方案,以获得材料的均匀变形。     

大塑性变形法制备SiC_p/Al复合材料的实验研究

采用等径角挤压(ECAP)和等径角挤扭(ECAPT)两种大塑性变形工艺在250℃条件下成功将35vol%SiC颗粒与纯Al混合粉制成SiCp/Al复合材料。通过对显微组织的定性分析和采用样方法的定量计算,获得了不同变形工艺、试样内部不同位置以及不同变形阶段对SiC颗粒分布的影响。结果表明:剪切应变量和基体流动性对SiC颗粒的均匀分布有着至关重要的影响。单道次ECAPT变形后,SiC颗粒分布比单道次ECAP变形时更均匀,基本与2道次ECAP效果相当。随着ECAPT变形过程的深入,SiC颗粒的分布越来越均匀,其中以挤压阶段到ECAP阶段,SiC颗粒分布均匀程度的改善最为明显。     

脉冲电流对2091Al-Li合金超塑变形机理的影响

分析了脉冲电流对２０９１Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金超塑变形中晶内位错滑移、晶界位错滑移及原子扩散的影响。研究表明,脉冲电流促进位错滑移及增殖,降低原子扩散激活能,加速位错在晶界上的攀移,从而提高了超塑变形在高应变速率下的可能性。据此,建立了施加脉冲电流条件下的超塑变形速率方程。     

等通道挤压变形结合中间退火制备Al-7Mg合金的组织、硬度演变及热稳定性

在室温条件下采用Bc模式等通道挤压变形（ECAP）结合中间退火方法制备二元Al—7Mg合金。经6道次ECAP变形后,该材料硬度高达HV218。透射电镜（TEM）表征揭示该Al—7Mg合金的晶粒得到明显细化。经5或6道次变形后得到的超细晶组织平均尺寸为100～200nm。X射线衍射分析表明Mg主要以固溶原子的形式存在。因此,由于Mg偏析或析出相造成的可能强化影响均忽略不计。经6道次ECAP变形后的A1-7Mg合金的高硬度主要来自于晶界强化,大约占总强度的41％,其次,位错强化及Mg原子的固溶强化分别约占总强度的24％和35％。此外,通过测量硬度变化研究了该A1—7Mg合金的热稳定性。结果表明在250℃退火处理时该材料相对稳定,然而当温度升至300℃时,该Al—7Mg合金的软化趋势明显加快。     

等径通道挤压制备超细晶金属过程中后压力影响的有限元分析

使用有限元方法模拟在等径通道挤压过程中,后压力对材料塑性变形的影响,并对多道次挤压试验结果进行分析比较.结果表明:施加后压力可以有效提高材料每道次挤压的塑性变形程度和分布均匀性.在多道次挤压过程中,施加后压力可以大幅度降低晶粒最终细化尺寸,降低挤压温度来减小温度对晶粒细化效果的影响.     

Structure and properties of ultra-fine grain Cu–Cr–Zr alloy produced by equal-channel angular pressing

The structure, thermal stability and properties are investigated of a Cu–Cr–Zr alloy with ultra fine grains (UFG) of 160 nm diameter produced by severe plastic deformation through equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). Special attention is paid to optimization of multi-functional thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of this alloy by aging after ECAP. Fatigue life and cyclic response under strain-controlled experiments are investigated aiming at clarification of mechanisms of plastic deformation and fracture in the precipitation hardened ECAP materials. It is shown that the precipitation strengthened UFG structure remains stable both under elevated temperatures as high as 500°C and under cyclic loading at room temperature. Substantial improvement of fatigue life is evidenced in comparison with conventional coarse-grain materials. The appearance of cyclic softening is noticed and its nature is discussed in terms of dislocation–particle interaction and possible dissolution of precipitates during fatigue.     

非连续TiB+TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的剧烈塑性变形行为

针对TiB+TiC陶瓷颗粒增强钛合金提出一种新的强塑性变形方法,即将等径弯曲通道变形应用到非连续增强钛基复合材料中。本文采用通道夹角Φ=120°成功地实现了(TiB+TiC)/Ti6Al4V钛基复合材料1~4道次B_c路径的ECAP变形,研究了剧烈塑性变形对微观组织演化和力学性能的影响。结果表明,剧烈塑性变形可以实现TiB纤维和TiC颗粒的细化,以及基体晶粒的细化;随着挤压次数的增加,基体中偏聚的TiB细长纤维和TiC大颗粒也随着挤压道次的增加也逐渐趋于均匀化,力学性能也得到了提高,抗拉强度能够提高至1205MPa,延伸率与挤压1道次相比也得到了明显提高。     

Finite element simulations of deformation behavior in equal channel angular pressing using a rotated die

A new die design for equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) of square cross-section billet was proposed by a 45 rotation of the inlet and outlet channels around the channel axes. ECAP utilizing the rotated and conventional dies was simulated in three dimensions using the finite element method. Conditions with different material properties and friction coefficients were studied. The billet deformation behavior was evaluated in terms of the spatial distribution of equivalent plastic strain, plastic deformation zone and load history. The results show that the rotated die appears to produce billets with a smaller deformation inhomogeneity over the entire crosssection and a greater average of equivalent plastic strain at the cost of a slightly larger working load. The billet deformation enters into a steady state earlier in the case of the rotated die than the conventional die under the condition of a relatively large friction coefficient.     

等通道转角挤压(ECAP)工艺的研究现状

等通道转角挤压(ECAP)是一种大塑形加工技术,可细化合金组织,改善性能,提高材料的成形性.本文概述ECAP法的基本原理、剪切模式与变形规律,分析摩擦因素对变形的影响,综述中国在ECAP合金组织、性能方面的一些研究成果.     

Microstructure evolution of TA15 titanium alloy subjected to equal channel angular pressing and subsequent annealing at various temperatures

TA15 titanium alloy was successfully processed for the first time by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) in the temperature range of 900-1000 °C and annealed in a wide temperature interval from 650 to 800 °C. The investigation was achieved by light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) on the microstructure evolution of TA15 alloy subjected to ECAP and subsequent annealing after ECAP. In the present work, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was taken as the effective method to acquire severe plastic deformation (SPD). The studies we have performed show that grains have been obviously refined and well globularized after ECAP. When TA15 alloy was pressed at the temperatures of α + β phase region equiaxed microstructure was created. There was an increase in the equilibrium grain size with increasing pressing temperature, while a decrease in the volume fraction of equiaxed α phase. TEM microstructural images illustrate that an amount of deformation twins emerged while pressing TA15 below α-β transformation temperature (T_β), which led to the continued plastic deformation through the restarting of many slip bands. Severe coarsening took place in β grains during ECAP at the temperature above T_β. A larger number of well globularized and more homogeneous equiaxed α phase of TA15 alloy annealed after ECAP has been attained. Furthermore, with annealing at the optimum temperature, grains have not grown significantly.     

Investigations on workability of commercial purity aluminum processed by equal channel angular pressing

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is an important process for producing ultra fine grains in bulk metallic materials by means of severe plastic deformation. Workability of metals and alloys is an important parameter as it influences the fracture resistance of the material and the ease of subsequent forming by conventional techniques. In this study, the effect of various passes and processing routes of ECAP on the workability of commercially pure aluminum has been investigated. Aluminum specimens were subjected to ECAP using 90° angle ECAP die. ECAP was carried out using two processing routes for up to three passes. Microstructure characterization and mechanical property measurements were carried out. Workability was determined by means of upsetting tests on hexagonal collar specimens machined from specimens processed by ECAP. A Cockcroft fracture criterion was used to evaluate experimental results. It is observed that processing to two passes through Route C results in enhanced mechanical properties with only a slight decrease in workability.     

Mechanical properties at room temperature of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

Tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the influence of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) on the mechanical properties at room temperature of overaged Al 7075-O alloy. ECAP processing was performed using route B_C at different temperatures and number of passes, i.e. different processing severity conditions. The maximum load (F_max) recorded during the last pass of each ECAP path considered in this study is a very good estimation of the processing severity. The mechanical properties were studied in terms of the balance between tensile strength and ductility. In the processed Al 7075-O alloy, the grain size was reduced down to ∼150 nm. Consequently, tensile testing at room temperature revealed a significant increase in the maximum tensile strength after ECAP with respect to the as start material. In the present study, as the processing severity increases with the number of ECAP passes or with the decrease in processing temperature, there is a consistent trend of increment in ultimate tensile strength with minor decrease in uniform plastic elongation respect to the first ECAP pass at room temperature. This is in contrast to the behaviour after more severe plastic deformation conditions, where an increase in strength together with a strong decrease in elongation would be expected.     

Grain-boundary diffusion of cobalt in submicrocrystalline molybdenum obtained by high-pressure torsion

Radiometric layer-by-layer analysis has been used to study the grain-boundary diffusion of Co in submicrocrystalline Mo produced by severe plastic deformation using high-pressure torsion. It has been found that, under severe plastic deformation, nonequilibrium grain boundaries have been formed, which are ultrafast diffusion paths. During annealing, the recovery of nonequilibrium grain boundaries takes place. The properties of boundaries that underwent the recovery were shown to be close to those of boundaries originated by recrystallization in coarse-grained Mo. As the annealing temperature increases, the fraction of nonequilibrium boundaries decreases; and beginning from 823 K, there are no more nonequilibrium boundaries in the structure.