ECAP法制备超细晶铜的再结晶行为研究

在室温下，采用ECAP技术对纯铜进行了1-10道次的挤压，使其组织大大细化，得到了均匀、细小的等轴晶，平均晶粒尺寸为0．75μm。通过对不同ECAP道次后的退火试样的硬度测量和观察组织，结果表明：随ECAP道次的增加．开始再结晶的温度降低，再结晶软化的速率增加，ECAP8道次试样在433K发生静态再结晶。     

等径弯曲通道变形制备超细晶铜的力学行为

利用显微硬度计和电子拉伸机,研究了等径弯曲通道变形(Equal Channel Angular Pressing-ECAP)前后纯铜的硬度、力学性能,分析了ECAP制备超细晶铜(UFG)的强化机制。结果表明,纯铜在ECAP变形中出现了加工硬化-软化的饱和现象,即流动应力随变形量增加先迅速增大,在8道次达到最大(σb=410MPa),而后趋于饱和。强度可达400～410MPa,伸长率为12%～20%,硬度(HV)为140～146。利用MA模型合理解释了ECAP制备超细晶材料的拉伸力学行为。     

等径弯曲通道变形制备高性能Cu-Cr合金的组织性能

用两种方式等径弯曲通道变形(equal-channel angular pressing,简称ECAP)制备了的具有等轴晶组织的超细晶Cu-0.4Cr合金,晶粒尺寸为500nm。研究了不同挤压方式、不同挤压道次合金的组织和性能的变化。探讨了不同退火温度对5～8道次材料导电率和硬度的影响。结果表明,经ECAP挤压后的Cu-0.4Cr合金具有很好的综合性能,拉伸强度可达565MPa;硬度和导电率分别为225 HV和66.4%IACS;723K退火1h后材料的导电率和硬度可达80.3%IACS和210.9HV;软化温度可达723K。     

退火温度对超低碳钢ECAP变形组织的影响

采用BC方式通过等径弯曲通道变形(Equal Channel Angular Pressing,简称ECAP)法制备了铁素体晶粒尺寸约0.30μm的超低碳钢试样,研究了退火温度对ECAP变形组织的影响。结果表明,随退火温度升高,ECAP变形获得的亚微晶铁素体变形组织在原位逐渐演变为再结晶组织。300~500℃×1h退火时,亚微晶铁素体组织稳定,晶粒无明显长大。退火温度高于500℃后,铁素体晶粒开始明显长大,650℃退火后的铁素体平均晶粒尺寸约8.70μm。     

120°模具室温ECAP制备工业纯钛的热压缩变形行为

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对室温120°模具等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP)制备的平均晶粒尺寸为200nm的工业纯钛(CP-Ti)进行等温变速压缩实验,研究超细晶(UFG)工业纯钛在变形温度为298～673K和应变速率为10-3～100s-1条件下的流变行为。利用透射电子显微镜分析超细晶工业纯钛在不同变形条件下的组织演化规律。结果表明:流变应力在变形初期随应变的增加而增大,出现峰值后逐渐趋于平稳;峰值应力随温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的增大而增大;随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低,应变速率敏感性指数m增加,晶粒粗化,亚晶尺寸增大,再结晶晶粒数量逐渐增加;超细晶工业纯钛热压缩变形的主要软化机制随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低由动态回复逐步转变为动态再结晶。     

退火温度对ECAP+CR制备的超细晶钛组织及性能影响

工业纯钛经105°模具1道次ECAP(equal channel angular pressing,ECAP)变形与冷轧(cold rolling,CR)复合变形获得超细晶钛,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、单向拉伸测试及显微硬度测试等方法,研究退火温度对ECAP+CR制备的超细晶钛组织及性能的影响。结果表明:超细晶钛平均晶粒尺寸约为130 nm,抗拉强度高达813 MPa;当试样的退火温度低于400℃时,组织内部无明显变化,强度、硬度下降缓慢,延伸率提高幅度不大;退火温度高于400℃时,晶粒尺寸逐渐长大,晶粒内部位错密度降低,强度、硬度快速下降;当退火温度达到500℃时,晶粒急剧长大,平均晶粒尺寸约为2μm。     

等通道转角挤压工艺制备块体超细晶纯铜的研究

利用等通道转角挤压(EqualChannelAngularPressing,简称ECAP)工艺制备超细晶块体纯铜,并研究了其微观组织和硬度的变化.结果表明:纯铜塑性优良,在室温下能够顺利进行ECAP挤压,累积翅性变形量大于100%:经过两道次C形路线挤压可将纯铜晶粒细化至10μm以下,达到超细晶,同时硬度提高4倍以上:ECAP工艺制备的超细晶纯铜可用于制作较高强度的连接受力部件.     

原始晶粒尺寸对ECAP变形纯钛组织性能的影响

室温下,对923 及1023 K退火1 h所得的不同原始晶粒尺寸的工业纯钛进行ECAP变形。通过TEM、EBSD、室温拉伸和显微硬度测试研究原始晶粒尺寸对ECAP变形纯钛组织性能的影响。探讨纯钛ECAP变形孪生行为和变形机制。结果表明,退火温度越高,原始晶粒尺寸越大。1道次变形后,1023 K退火纯钛的晶粒细化效果更显著。4道次变形后,923 K退火纯钛的组织更细小均匀。随着变形道次的增加,屈服强度不断增大,1道次变形后增幅最大,约为100%,且原始晶粒尺寸越大,强度增幅越大。纯钛ECAP变形机制包括位错滑移和孪生,原始晶粒尺寸越大,孪晶数量越多。     

ECAP制备超细晶钛的力学性能研究

采用等径弯曲通道变形成功实现工业纯钛室温8道次变形.ECAP变形后,工业纯钛晶粒明显细化,力学性能显著提高,抗拉强度从407MPa提高到791MPa,并保持良好塑性,硬度最终达到2641 MPa,成为高性能超细晶纯钛.     

超细晶铜在退火与高温变形条件下微观结构的不稳定性研究

通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和显微硬度测试研究了等通道转角挤压(ECAP)制备的超细晶铜在退火条件下的热稳定性和硬度变化, 同时利用扫描电镜电子通道衬度(SEM--ECC)技术和透射电镜(TEM)研究了超细晶铜在室温到300 ℃的温度范围内分别在单向压缩和循环变形后的微观结构变化. 结果表明: 超细晶铜即使在低于再结晶温度退火条件下也会以缓慢渐进的方式发生逐步的再结晶和晶粒粗化, 该结构软化过程通过DSC随退火时间的响应曲线探测不到. 高温压缩下晶粒的粗化行为与应变速率有关, 应变速率越大, 粗化的局部化越明显; 应变速率越小, 更多的晶粒发生整体粗化. 高温循环加载促使晶粒粗化发生得更为显著、均匀, 在粗化的晶粒内可观察到一些典型的位错组态, 如墙结构和胞结构等. 另外, 利用最大晶粒尺度(D_max)与平均晶粒尺度(D_aver)的比值V定量讨论了不同高温变形情况下晶粒粗化的不均匀性.     

Effect of strain rate on microstructural evolution and thermal stability of 1050 commercial pure aluminum

Effects of strain rate on the microstructure evolution and thermal stability of 1050 commercial pure aluminum processed by means of split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) and Instron?3369 mechanical testing machine were investigated. Samples in the deformed state and after various annealing treatments at 423?523 K (150?250 °C) for 1 h were characterized by TEM and hardness test. The result reveals that the samples in the deformed state were mainly composed of elongated subgrains/cells with high density of dislocations. Microstructures of the quasi-static compressed aluminum were quite stable throughout the temperature range studied, and no significant grain growth was observed. However, for the dynamic impacted one, recrystallized grains with an average grain size of 4.7 μm were evolved after annealing at 523 K (250 °C) for 1 h. It is suggested that the annealing behavior of this dynamic deformed aluminum is a continuous process of grain coarsening, rather than the traditional discontinuous recrystallization for the quasi-static compressed aluminum.     

大应变切削制备的超细晶纯铜切屑热稳定性的研究

采用不同前角的刀具对纯铜进行大应变切削加工,对获得的超细晶纯铜切屑进行不同温度的退火处理.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和维氏硬度测量仪进行检测,分析不同前角和退火温度对超细晶纯铜切屑微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:用0°前角刀具进行大应变切削加工后,切屑晶粒平均尺寸为0.3μm、硬度为160HV,在200～280℃...     

Recrystallization of high-purity aluminium during equal channel angular pressing

Aluminium with 5N purity were deformed at room temperature by equal channel angular pressing following Route A up to three passes. The microstructure and the crystallographic texture were investigated by orientation imaging microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, respectively. The microstructure showed complete recrystallization after the first ECAP pass onwards. The grain size decreased slightly with increasing number of passes. The corresponding texture consisted of an oblique cube component. The oblate grains and the cube texture were rotated anticlockwise about the transverse direction. The inclination of grains with respect to the direction of ECAP was dependent on the distance from the top of the billet and changed from pass to pass. The mechanism of formation of the microstructure and texture is discussed in the light of the physical phenomena involved.     

Microstructure,Texture and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Grade 2 Processed by ECAP (Route C)

In the present work the properties of titanium grade 2 after ECAP processing with original route and regimes (route C, channel angle \(\varPhi\)?=?120°, deformation temperature 300 °C, number of passes up to 8) were examined. Texture development and microstructure parameters after ECAP processing and after recrystallization were determined using electron back scatter diffraction and analysed. A significant increase of the mechanical strength accompanied by some increase of ductility was observed in the deformed samples. The kernel average misorientation and average grain orientation spread were strongly increased after deformation, which confirms the material refinement and fragmentation. The proportion of low angle boundaries increased after four ECAP passes, but after four consecutive passes high angle grain boundaries became predominant. No deformation twins were observed after four and eight ECAP passes. The material recrystallized after deformation retained a fine grain microstructure. The textures of deformed and recrystallized samples were determined. It was found that texture after 8 passes is more homogeneous that that after 4 passes, which partly explains higher ductility of this first sample.     

等通道挤压变形结合中间退火制备Al-7Mg合金的组织、硬度演变及热稳定性

在室温条件下采用Bc模式等通道挤压变形（ECAP）结合中间退火方法制备二元Al—7Mg合金。经6道次ECAP变形后,该材料硬度高达HV218。透射电镜（TEM）表征揭示该Al—7Mg合金的晶粒得到明显细化。经5或6道次变形后得到的超细晶组织平均尺寸为100～200nm。X射线衍射分析表明Mg主要以固溶原子的形式存在。因此,由于Mg偏析或析出相造成的可能强化影响均忽略不计。经6道次ECAP变形后的A1-7Mg合金的高硬度主要来自于晶界强化,大约占总强度的41％,其次,位错强化及Mg原子的固溶强化分别约占总强度的24％和35％。此外,通过测量硬度变化研究了该A1—7Mg合金的热稳定性。结果表明在250℃退火处理时该材料相对稳定,然而当温度升至300℃时,该Al—7Mg合金的软化趋势明显加快。     

Study of vacancy-type defects by positron annihilation in ultrafine-grained aluminum severely deformed at room and cryogenic temperatures

Commercial-purity aluminum was processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at room temperature (RT-ECAP) and cryogenic temperature (CT-ECAP) with liquid nitrogen cooling between two successive passes. It was found that the RT-ECAPed samples showed equiaxed microstructure after 4 and 8 ECAP passes, while the CT-ECAPed samples displayed slightly elongated microstructure and slightly smaller grain size. Moreover, the CT-ECAPed samples had higher hardness values than the RT-ECAPed samples subjected to the same amount of deformation. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was used to investigate the evolution of vacancy-type defects during the ECAP deformation process. The results showed that three types of defects existed in the ECAPed samples: vacancies associated with dislocations, bulk monovacancies and bulk divacancies. The CT-ECAPed samples had a higher fraction of monovacancies and divacancies. These two types of defects are the major vacancy-type defects that can work as dislocation pinning centers and induce hardening, resulting in higher hardness values in the CT-ECAPed samples. A quantitative relationship between material hardness and the defect concentration and defect diffusion coefficient has been established.     

工业纯钛在120°模具中的多道次ECAP室温变形组织与性能

在室温,采用通道夹角为120°的变形模具对工业纯钛(Commemial Pure Titanium,CP-Ti)以Bc方式实施四道次ECAP(EqualChannel Angular Pressing)挤压变形,成功获得表面光滑无裂纹的变形试样.文中主要研究了工业纯钛在室温下进行ECAP多道次变形的组织结构演变,并测试了变形试样的力学性能.微观结构显示工业纯钛在室温下进行多道次ECAP变形时,只在前两道次产生了大量的变形孪晶,且随道次增加变形孪晶逐渐消失.最终获得的试样晶粒平均尺寸由最初的约28μm细化到约250 nm,试样断裂强度和显微硬度分别提高到773和2486 MPa,而试样仍保持较好的延伸率(可达16.8%).     

Influence of Processing Parameters on Microstructural Evolution and Tensile Properties for 7075 Al Alloy Prepared by an ECAPBased SIMA Process

A modified strain-induced melt activation(SIMA) process consisting of homogenization, equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP) and subsequent heating to the semisolid temperatures was introduced to prepare the 7075 aluminum alloy with superior thixotropic behaviors. The effects of both the homogenization and the number of ECAP passes, as well as the isothermal temperatures on the microstructural evolution, were investigated. The results indicate that ideal microstructure wherein fine and globular solid grains surrounded by uniform liquid films can be achieved through ECAP deformation–recrystallization mechanism. Increasing the number of ECAP passes accelerates the recrystallization of strained grains,thus reducing the average grain size and improving the grain sphericity. Moreover, higher holding temperatures and prolonged soaking time can improve the growth of the solid grains. Two main coarsening mechanisms, viz. coalescence and Ostwald ripening, contribute to the growth of the solid grains simultaneously and independently. The tensile strength of the 7075 alloys after four-pass ECAP-based SIMA and T6 heat treatment is relatively lower than the as-received billet,while the elongation of SIMA processed samples is much higher than that of as-received ones. Increasing the number of ECAP passes improves the tensile strength for alloys with and without T6 treatment due to the fine grain strengthening mechanism.