间歇式液相本体法生产聚丙烯的设备改造与革新

本文主要介绍了间歇式液相本体法聚丙烯生产中常见的设备问题及解决方法。采用YPV新型聚合釜，增加内冷管的数量，提高聚合釜传热能力；根据实际情况将原有聚合针轴封填料更换为新型填料或使用机械密封；更换喷料球阀内环材质，避免磨损量过大；采用工业色谱分析取代人工分析闪蒸釜丙烯含量、氧含量；通过以上方面的改造与革新，较好地解决了问题，提高了聚合釜产量和转化率。     

提高悬浮法PVC收率的研究

介绍了影响悬浮法PVC收率的主要因素，提出了提高聚合收率的方法：①采用压缩冷凝技术及无堰筛板塔，提高VCM的回收率；②引进先进的防粘釜技术、先进的清釜设备(用高压水清釜效果更好)，使用性能稳定的防粘釜液，加强设备管理，严防跑、冒、滴、漏的现象发生，提高防粘釜效果，减少“成品”料的损失。     

连续聚合法生产高粘度PA6

介绍连续聚合法生产高粘度ＰＡ６的聚合工艺，特点及产品性能指标，并介绍了关键生产设备的特点及作用。     

PA6聚合生产技术

综述了国外ＰＡ６聚合生产工艺与设备，介绍了几种常用的聚合方法及特点，并进行了对比。德国Ｚｉｍｍｅｒ公司、ＫａｒｌＦｉｓｃｈｅｒ公司；瑞士Ｉｎｖｅｎｔａ公司；意大利ＮＯＹ公司等的工艺技术设计合理，所生产的产品质量较好，分子量分布均匀。其设备特点是在聚合管内广泛采用静态混合器或整流器，萃取塔采用狭缝式结构，干燥塔内采用热氮气干燥，聚合过程采用ＤＣＳ集散系统控制，生产过程全部连续化。建议各地在引进新装置时，应围绕技术经济性、产品用途作全面评价，根据具体情况，选择最佳方案。     

PVC生产中聚合温度异常原因探讨

在ＰＶＣ聚合期间根据生产牌号的需要，投用回流冷凝器，提高釜的传热能力，能较好地保证釜内反应物料温度的稳定。在生产末期，粘釜成为聚合反应后期温度高的主要因素。冷冻水的温度和流量直接影响着聚合釜的传热速率，要加强工艺操作技术管理和设备维护。     

缩短PVC糊树脂聚合周围新工艺在48m^3聚合釜中的应用

简要介绍了缩短PVC糊树脂聚合周期的小、中试及48m^3釜的工业化试验过程，确定了适宜的聚合工艺条件及引发剂、链调节剂的用量；采用该技术生产后使H型PVC糊树脂的聚合周期平均缩短了3.7h，使生产效率提高了14.5%。降低了单位产品的固定折旧、制造费用及管理费用。     

仪器及设备

0506410 电沉积设备及方法；0506411 装有气体导入管的等离子体聚合装置；0506412 除去等离子体聚合装置灰烬的设备；0506413 带有粉末过滤装置的等离子体聚合设备。     

固体型聚氨酯胶粘剂连续聚合技术

简介以双螺杆反应挤出机为主体设备的全套连续聚合装置，并讨论实现连续化生产固体型聚氨酯胶粘剂的相关工艺等。     

聚异丁烯研究进展及其工艺优化

主要介绍了近年来国内外聚异丁烯的生产现状及科研情况；对国内外主要厂家生产聚异丁烯的工业生产技术进行了详细的分析。并针对以上几种生产技术的特点进行了对比；另外，还较全面地论述了BF3引发异丁烯聚合反应原理。阐述了异丁烯聚合过程中主要工艺参数对聚合结果的影响,并提出了异丁烯聚合的较佳的工艺参数；最后，针对我国聚异丁烯生产的具体情况提出了作者的几点建议。     

超临界烯烃聚合

论述了超临界流体对烯烃聚合的影响，总结了超临界聚合技术的研究与应用。认为：在单体临界点以上进行的超临界聚合技术的研究开发已比较成熟；而新近开发的超临界流体介质中的烯烃取合技术更为重要，可以充分发挥超临界技术的优点，提高聚合产率，并能制备性能特殊的取合物。特别是采用超临界CO2为介质的聚合过程，为实现烯烃聚合的绿色生产奠定了基础。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。