无速度传感器PMSM混沌运动的非奇异快速终端滑模控制

针对永磁同步电机调速系统中速度传感器存在安装缺陷及在某些特定的参数下电机会呈现混沌特性,提出了无速度传感器永磁同步电机滑模控制混沌抑制方法．在无速度传感器运行的永磁同步电机矢量控制调速系统基本框架下,采用非奇异快速终端滑模控制方法来抑制电机的混沌运动．首先在永磁同步电机的混沌模型基础上通过仿真验证了混沌现象的存在;然后利用扩张状态观测器（ESO）估计转速,构成无速度传感器永磁同步电机矢量控制系统;在此基础上设计了非奇异快速终端滑模控制器,当电机在某些参数条件下呈现混沌现象,即刻通过控制器的切入来抑制永磁同步电机的混沌运动．最后通过仿真验证该方法的有效性,保证电机运行稳定和可靠.     

基于电流偏差的永磁同步电机滑模电流解耦控制

永磁同步电机(PMSM)矢量控制的目标是使PMSM表现优良的动态性能和稳态性能, 为解决同步旋转坐标 下dq轴电流存在耦合, 同时传统解耦方法在电感参数失配时解耦效果不佳的问题, 提出一种基于电流偏差的永磁 同步电机滑模电流解耦控制方法. 该方法在电流偏差解耦控制电机模型的基础上, 保证系统的良好的动态性能, 并 充分利用偏差解耦结构的灵活性, 引入新的Z控制函数, 设计滑模控制律, 使其运动在滑模阶段, 并且呈非线性光滑 特性, 以保证系统滑动模态, 抑制抖振, 从而实现dq轴电流较好的解耦效果, 同时提高系统在整个运动过程中因参数 摄动和外在扰动的鲁棒性, 保证系统的动态性能. 通过对传统解耦方法和新方法的仿真和实验对比分析, 验证所提 方法的可行性和有效性.     

级联式滑模观测器的永磁同步电机鲁棒滑模控制

提出了一种基于无速度传感器运行的永磁同步电机非线性控制方法。针对电机速度和位置观测,设计了一种新颖的级联式滑模观测器,解决了传统滑模观测采用低通滤波器的相位延迟问题。前级电流滑模观测器得到反电动势,后级反电动势滑模观测器获取转速和位置信息,利用李亚普诺夫理论进行了稳定性分析。针对速度控制,提出了带扩张状态观测器的滑模速度控制器取代PI调节器,提高了系统的鲁棒性。在滑模观测和控制中均利用双曲正切函数取代符号函数,削弱了系统抖振。将上述方法应用到永磁同步电机矢量控制系统中,通过仿真验证方法的有效性。     

精确线性化的永磁同步电机变结构混沌反控制

以永磁同步电机的仿射非线眭数学模型为例,提出了基于非线陛跟踪的混沌反控制方法。采用微分几何理论实现了永磁同步电机的精确线性化,并应用滑模变结构控制理论设计混沌反控制器。仿真结果表明,该控制方法能有效的实现永磁同步电机的混沌反控制。     

基于PSO优化的永磁直线同步电机混沌滑模控制

针对永磁直线同步电机混沌控制,结合状态反馈解耦方案,降低电机系统阶数,建立电机混沌解耦数学模型.应用Wolf算法与最大Lyapunov指数谱,证明电机系统运行过程中存在混沌现象,研究系统进入混沌状态时的条件及动态响应.基于电机混沌模型,提出一种滑模混沌控制器.通过BP神经网络全局拟合滑模控制参数,并经由粒子群算法优化,实现电机系统混沌控制;利用Lyapunov判据,分析控制器系统稳定性.仿真结果表明,滑模控制方案,可使电机系统脱离混沌并达到稳定运行状态,控制参数优化后,电机响应时间和超调量减少,鲁棒性提高.     

永磁同步电机滑模变结构与模糊PID复合控制研究

该文针对永磁同步电机矢量控制系统的速度环,引入了滑模变结构与模糊PID控制理论,设计了一种滑模变结构与模糊PID复合控制器。该复合控制器通过一个可变加权因子α将滑模变结构控制与模糊PID控制有效地组合起来实现对速度的调节。此种控制方法克服了对永磁同步电机精准数学模型的依赖,使得系统响应的快速性更好,稳定性、鲁棒性和抗干扰能力更强,静态和动态特性更优,对多种智能复合控制方法综合研究有一定的参考意义。     

基于滑模观测器的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制

本文提出了一种基于滑模变结构控制原理的无位置传感器控制方法。通过分析永磁同步电机的模型,应用滑模变结构控制原理,提出了一种针对永磁同步电机的无位置传感器控制策略。它利用电机中容易测得的定子电流、直流母线电压,通过滑模变结构控制原理来估算转子位置。利用Matlab／Simulink对系统进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,转子位置估算结果基本与实际位置一致。     

基于神经网络的PMSM自适应滑模控制

结合滑模控制和神经网络各自的优点,对永磁同步电机(PMSM)提出了一种基于神经网络的PMSM自适应滑模控制方案.首先设计了带积分操作的滑模变结构位置控制器,通过递归神经网络的在线学习来实时估计系统参数变化和外部负载扰动等不确定性的界限,减小滑模控制器的控制量.进而,在滑模控制器中又引入饱和函数取代符号函数,进一步减弱"抖振"现象.理论分析和实验仿真对比研究的结果表明所提出方法具有优越的动态性能和鲁棒性.     

基于改进粒子群算法的永磁同步电机PID控制器

为提高永磁同步电机系统的控制精度,提出一种使用改进粒子群算法优化的永磁同步电机PID控制器。首先建立永磁同步电机数学模型,然后采用改进粒子群算法对PID控制器参数进行优化,实现永磁同步电机参数在线辨识,最后采用仿真实验对其性能进行测试。仿真结果表明,相对于传统的永磁同步电机PID控制器,本文方法优化的永磁同步电机PID控制器改善了系统响应性能,能够使永磁同步电机获得良好的稳定性、鲁棒性和动态性能。     

永磁同步电机的自适应反演滑模变结构控制

针对永磁同步电机提出一种基于反演的PMSM自适应滑模控制方案.设计基于反演的滑模变结构位置控制器,通过RBF神经网络实现系统参数变化和外部负载扰动等引起的不确定上界值的在线辨识,减小滑模控制器的控制量,并引入饱和函数来减弱系统的"抖动"现象.理论分析和仿真结果对比表明,基于RBF神经网络的自适应反演滑模控制对参数变化和外部负载扰动具有很好的鲁棒性,永磁同步电动机获得了很好的跟踪效果.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.