涂层结构对Cr2O3涂层组织和性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂技术制备了3种结构的Cr2O3陶瓷涂层，即双层涂层，3层涂层和5层梯度涂层。探讨了涂层结构对涂层组织、抗拉结合强度、抗热震性和耐磨损性能的影响。结果表明，在涂层总厚度相同的条件下，采用多层复合涂层可提高Cr2O3涂层的结合强度、耐磨性和抗热冲击性，其中，5层结构涂层的综合性能最佳。涂层微观组织观察和显微硬度测试结果发现，5层结构涂层从基体到陶瓷层，涂层成分逐渐变化，具有梯度材料的特征。试验表明采用等离子喷涂技术可以制备梯度涂层。     

热喷涂方法对Al_2O_3涂层层状结构的影响

热喷涂层由扁平粒子组成，呈层状结构。气孔不可避免地存在于涂层中，而这些气孔包括通常所指的微米级气孔以及亚微米级的气孔。亚微米级气孔由扁平粒子间的未结合界面和扁平陶瓷粒子内所产生的显微裂纹构成。业已开发成功陶瓷涂层的电镀技术，并利用电镀的钢在涂层断面上的分布，揭示热喷涂Al2O3涂层的的真实气孔结构的方法。该方法的最重要之处在于直观地揭示热喷涂层的扁平陶瓷粒子间的未结合界面。本论文将电镀技术应用于传统的等离子、低气压等离子以及爆炸喷涂法喷制的Al2O3涂层，用扁平粒子间平均结合率和扁平粒子的平均厚度为结构参数定量地评价涂层结构。考察热喷涂方法对扁平粒子间结合的影响。     

瓷罗拉等离子喷涂防静电耐磨损涂层工艺

目的 提高纺织行业瓷罗拉转动轴的防静电和耐磨损性能。 方法 采用等离子喷涂技术,在瓷罗拉表面先喷涂 Ni 包 Al 过渡层,再喷涂 Al₂O₃-TiO₂ 陶瓷层,获得防静电耐磨复合涂层,并优化等离子喷涂工艺。 结果 获得了优化的等离子喷涂工艺,在后续的磨削加工中,宜选用碳化硅砂轮。 结论 制备的防静电耐磨涂层性能较好,在瓷罗拉上得到了成功应用。     

Adhesion improvements of Thermal Barrier Coatings with HVOF thermally sprayed bond coats

Thermal barrier coatings (TBC) are an effective engineering solution for the improvement of in service performance of gas turbines and diesel engine components. The quality and further performance of TBC, likewise all thermally sprayed coatings or any other kind of coating, is strongly dependent on the adhesion between the coating and the substrate as well as the adhesion (or cohesion) between the metallic bond coat and the ceramic top coat layer. The debonding of the ceramic layer or of the bond coat layer will lead to the collapse of the overall thermal barrier system. Though several possible problems can occur in coating application as residual stresses, local or net defects (like pores and cracks), one could say that a satisfactory adhesion is the first and intrinsic need for a good coating. The coating adhesion is also dependent on the pair substrate-coating materials, substrate cleaning and blasting, coating application process, coating application parameters and environmental conditions. In this work, the general characteristics and adhesion properties of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) having bond coats applied using High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying and plasma sprayed ceramic top coats are studied. By using HVOF technique to apply the bond coats, high adherence and high corrosion resistance are expected. Furthermore, due to the characteristics of the spraying process, compressive stresses should be induced to the substrate. The compressive stresses are opposed to the tensile stresses that are typical of coatings applied by plasma spraying and eventually cause delamination of the coating in operational conditions. The evaluation of properties includes the studies of morphology, microstructure, microhardness and adhesive/cohesive resistance. From the obtained results it can be said that the main failure location is in the bond coat/ceramic interface corresponding to the lowest adhesion values.     

等离子喷涂金属/陶瓷梯度热障涂层研究进展

热障涂层在众多领域具有重要的应用价值,但基体与涂层的物理性能不匹配是遏制其服役性能和寿命提高的主要原因。金属/陶瓷梯度热障涂层通过逐渐改变涂层内部的成分、结构,可有效地改善基体和涂层因物理性能突变而导致的界面失效问题。首先介绍了金属/陶瓷梯度热障涂层对比于双层热障涂层的独特微观结构,并简要分析了其具有明显性能优势的原因。随后总结了金属/陶瓷梯度热障涂层残余应力的具体分布、影响因素和模拟模型优化现状,重点从优化涂层制备工艺、改进喷涂技术、改善涂层设计三个方面,介绍了改善涂层性能的研究进展。其中优化球磨和喷涂工艺参数、模拟研究喷涂过程、改进喷涂技术的方式是通过提高涂层质量来提升其物理性能,而改变涂层成分分布形式、涂层层数和厚度主要是通过改善涂层残余应力分布和水平来提升其抗热失效能力。最后提出了进一步优化模拟模型、改进喷涂技术、创新涂层设计和完善机理研究,是未来等离子喷涂金属/陶瓷梯度热障涂层的重点研究方向。     

未来航空发动机热障涂层材料及制备技术

概述了未来航空发动机热障涂层最有前景的新材料、结构和制备工艺。新材料主要有改进型氧化钇稳定的氧化锆、A2B2O7型材料;新结构主要有双陶瓷层;新工艺主要为制备含垂直裂纹的热障涂层的改进大气等离子体喷涂、等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积、悬浮液等离子喷涂、电子束直接气相沉积。这些相互结合,必将促进高性能热障涂层的快速发展和应用,使其在未来航空发动机中发挥重要作用。     

树脂基复合材料用陶瓷涂层防护性能分析

采用等离子喷涂铝粉作为打底材料在碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料（PMC）基体上制备了Al2O3和ZrO2轻质陶瓷防护涂层，测试了涂层的剪切结合强度、耐热循环性能、抗冲蚀性能、隔热性能。结果表明，等离子喷涂铝粉作打底层的涂层系统，性能优于电弧喷铝或电弧喷锌作打底层的涂层系统。带有Al2O3涂层的试样失重不到基体材料失重的1／3，Al2O3和ZrO2陶瓷涂层都可以为聚酰亚胺复合材料基体提供有效的冲蚀防护。Al2O3和ZrO2陶瓷涂层都可以为聚酰亚胺复合材料基体提供有效的隔热防护，ZrO2涂层隔热性能优于Al2O3涂层。     

Application of Plasma-Sprayed Complex Perovskites as Thermal Barrier Coatings

In an effort to improve the performance of heat engines at high temperatures, advanced surface coatings have been developed from complex perovskites. Materials of Ba(Mg_1/3Ta_2/3)O₃ and La(Al_1/4Mg_1/2Ta_1/4)O₃ composition were synthesized and applied as ceramic topcoats of thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) in single layer and in double-layer combination with conventional yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Microstructural and phase analyses reveal that plasma spraying of complex perovskites is accompanied with the formation of vertical crack networks and secondary oxide phases which influence the failure mechanism of the TBCs. The low value of fracture toughness for the complex perovskites and the thermally grown oxide at the topcoat-bondcoat interface of the TBCs are, however, the major factors which lead to the coating failure on thermal cycling at about 1250 °C.     

温度梯度热循环下纳米7YSZ陶瓷层结构演变

目的采用低温超音速等离子喷涂(LT-HVOF)在镍基高温合金基体(K417)上制备了NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层,使用大气等离子喷涂(APS)在粘结层上制备了纳米7%Y_2O_3-ZrO_2(7YSZ)陶瓷涂层,以获得温度梯度热循环下纳米陶瓷层的结构演变机制。方法通过燃气热冲击实验仪对热障涂层模拟真实服役条件下温度梯度热循环的工作环境,采用一维稳态热传导模型计算了热障涂层中各涂层界面的温度,探讨了在热驱动作用下等径晶粒和非等径晶粒的扩散长大机制。结果热循环次数为40次时,涂层近表面出现了烧结致密化现象,而陶瓷层底部涂层保持原来的结构。热循环次数增加到460次时,整个陶瓷层断面都发生了烧结致密化现象。结论温度是涂层烧结致密化的主导因素。涂层中当等大晶粒接触形成弯曲颈时,由于弯曲颈只受水平方向静压力作用,晶粒中原子扩散速率慢,导致晶粒长大速率较慢;而当非等大晶粒接触形成弯曲颈时,在晶粒接触弯曲颈处存在一偏大晶粒方向的剪切力,其导致晶粒向弯曲颈扩散速率增加,晶粒长大速率较快。     

等离子喷涂Mo/8YSZ功能梯度热障涂层结构优化与热力耦合模拟计算

目的研究不同结构参数对Mo/8YSZ热障涂层系统残余应力的影响因素。方法设计Mo/8YSZ功能梯度热障涂层,并利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了等离子喷涂Mo/8YSZ功能梯度热障涂层的数值模型,模型中考虑了材料热物理性能参数随温度变化,研究粘结层、过渡层及陶瓷层厚度对Mo/8YSZ功能梯度热障涂层残余应力的影响规律。结果随着径向距离的增大,粘结层与陶瓷层界面的残余应力逐渐由压应力变为拉应力,并且在涂层边缘位置,径向残余拉应力达到最大值。在0~12 mm路径范围内的同一位置,伴随着陶瓷层厚度的增加,粘结层与陶瓷层界面位置的轴向残余应力无明显变化,且轴向残余应力的数值几乎为0;在6~12.5 mm路径范围内的同一位置,伴随着陶瓷层厚度的增加,其剪切残余应力逐渐增大。在基体与粘结层界面边缘0.5 mm处存在着与其他位置相比更大的应力突变。粘结层与陶瓷层的厚度参数比控制在4∶10~4∶13时,涂层具有最低的热失配。过渡层与陶瓷层的厚度参数比控制在1∶4时,涂层具有最低的热失配。当功能梯度热障涂层的过渡层采用50%Mo与50%8YSZ复合而成时,将粘结层、过渡层及陶瓷层三者的厚度比值控制在16∶10∶40~16∶13∶52,涂层具有最低的热失配。结论通过设计功能梯度热障涂层,并合理调控热障涂层系统的结构参数,可进一步减小喷涂构件的残余应力和应力突变情况,提升基体与涂层的结合强度。     

Adhesion of Ceramic Coating on Thin and Smooth Metal Substrate: A Novel Approach with a Nanostructured Ceramic Interlayer

The adhesion of plasma-sprayed coating is, to a large extent, controlled by the cleanness and roughness of the surface on which the coating is deposited. So, most of the plasma spray procedures involve surface pretreatment by grit-blasting to adapt the roughness of the surface to the size of the impacting particles. This preparation process brings about compressive stresses that make it inappropriate for thin substrates. The present works aim to elaborate a thick ceramic coating (about 0.5?mm thick) on a thin metal substrate (1?mm thick) with a smooth surface (Ra of about 0.4???m). The coating system is intended for use in a Generation-IV nuclear energy system. It must exhibit a good adhesion between the ceramic topcoat and the smooth metal substrate to meet the specifications of the application. Our approach consisted of depositing the ceramic topcoat by air plasma spraying on a few micrometers thick ceramic layer made by suspension plasma spraying. This nanostructured layer played the role of a bond coat for the topcoat and made it possible to deposit it on the as-received substrate. The adhesion of the nanostructured layer was measured by the Vickers indentation cracking technique and that of the ceramic duplex coating system by tensile test.     

An Investigation on the Microstructure of Multi-phase Composite Coatings Synthesized by Plasma Spraying Self-reaction Composite Powders

SELF-propagating high-temperature synthesis orcombustion synthesis(denoted as SHS)is referred to asuse of high exothermic reaction to prepare materials,itcan produce high melting point compounds,and is afairly simple technology[1-2].But,it is difficult tocontrol the reaction of SHS because the process of SHSis very fast.The density of materials made by SHS isvery lowj^4>5].Moreover,it is noticeable thatcoatings on the surface of the axle or plane cannot beproduced by SHS.For plasma spr…     

先进陶瓷涂层结构调控及其在固体氧化物燃料电池中的应用

等离子喷涂技术可以对陶瓷涂层的微观结构进行调控设计,因此在制备固体氧化物燃料电池方面具有独特的优势。基于等离子喷涂方法,可以直接制备或经过后处理获得致密的电解质涂层。采用等离子喷涂技术也可以制备高性能的多孔阳极和阴极,并可对钙钛矿结构阴极材料的成分和晶体结构进行调控。文中介绍了目前国内外采用涂层制备电池的方法,主要探讨了热喷涂方法制备电解质涂层的特点,对存在的问题和可行思路进行了讨论,并探讨了基于提高三相反应界面长度来制备高性能电极的方法。由于固体氧化物燃料全电池各功能层都有可能通过热喷涂方法制备,因此该方法在固体氧化物燃料电池结构设计具有巨大的潜力。     

低压等离子喷涂技术在功能性涂层的应用进展

与常规等离子喷涂相比,低压等离子喷涂技术在真空或低压下进行等离子喷涂,可制备更低杂质、更高致密度、更高结合强度的涂层。介绍了常规等离子喷涂焰流速度高、工艺稳定性好、沉积效率高、可控性好的特点,详细阐述了低压等离子喷涂技术清洁、高速、长焰流、预热、电清理的工艺优势,说明了低压等离子喷涂技术在热障涂层、抗气蚀涂层、面向等离子体材料等功能性涂层制备上的应用,最后从完善相关理论、与其他技术联用、工艺在线可控、气氛压力更低等方面,以及在航空、航天、电子等领域的运用,对低压等离子喷涂技术的发展进行了展望。     

Characteristics of high hardness alumina coatings formed by gas tunnel plasma spraying

High hardness alumina coatings were formed at atmospheric pressure by gas tunnel plasma spraying, and the characteristics of these coatings were investigated. The hardness on the cross section of the alumina coating at a short spraying distance was more than 1300 HV, and the thickness of the hard layer increased with an increase of power input. The microstructure of the alumina coating was investigated by microscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. It was ascertained that the cell size was small (∼10 μn), and α-alumina was dominant in the high hardness layer of the coating. Finally, the effect of plasma energy was estimated from these results.     

等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的冲蚀磨损特性

研究了在固体颗粒冲蚀条件下,不同冲击速度、不同磨料尺寸等因素对等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层冲蚀磨损率的影响,并在不同条件下与20号钢进行了对比试验,分析了等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的冲蚀磨损特性及磨损机理,提出等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层具有脆性特征的冲蚀磨损特性,它适用于细磨料低速冲蚀磨损条件.     

Cyclic-Oxidation Behavior of Thermal-barrier Coatings Exposed to NaCl Vapor

A Ni–24Cr–6Al–0.7Y (NiCrAlY) coating was deposited on a nickel-base superalloy by low-pressure plasma spraying, and the top coating, ZrO₂ partially stabilized with Y₂O₃ (7.5 wt%), was deposited on the NiCrAlY coating by air-plasma spraying. The cyclic-oxidation behavior of the NiCrAlY + YSZ coating exposed to NaCl vapor was investigated under atmospheric pressure at 1,050 °C, 1,100 °C and 1,150 °C. The cyclic-oxidation life of the NiCrAlY + YSZ coating in the presence of NaCl vapor was shortened compared with that in air. The higher the temperature is, the shorter the cyclic oxidation life. The oxide scale formed at the interface between the bond coat and the ceramic layer after exposure to NaCl vapor consisted of voluminous and non-protective NiO, Al₂O₃ and NiCr₂O₄ spinel. The failure of the TBC exposed to NaCl vapor occurs within the top coat and close to the YSZ/thermal growth oxide interface. The failure mechanism has been discussed based on the experimental results and thermodynamics.     

轴向送粉式等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层工艺性能研究

对比研究了新型轴向送粉等离子涂枪和普通等离子喷涂枪的喷涂工艺参数和制备涂层的性能及其组织。试验结果表明：轴向送粉式等离子喷涂枪的功率明显低于普通等离子喷涂枪,其喷的陶瓷涂层的性能优于普通等离子喷涂。     

TiAl合金表面激光重熔纳米陶瓷涂层

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在TiA l合金表面制备了纳米A l2O3-13wt%TiO2复合陶瓷涂层。为了使重熔后的陶瓷涂层保留一定的纳米结构组织,采用相对较低的激光功率和能量密度进行重熔。用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层形貌、微观结构和相组成。结果表明,等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层由纳米颗粒完全熔化区和部分熔化区两部分组成,具有等离子喷涂态的典型层状结构;由于受到激光功率、能量密度、陶瓷材料热物性参数和涂层厚度等因素的综合影响,重熔后陶瓷涂层出现了明显的分层结构特征;依据组织形态的不同,可将其大致分为:重熔区、烧结区和残余等离子喷涂区。重熔区由致密细小的等轴晶组成,并且保留了部分来源于原等离子喷涂部分熔化区的残留纳米粒子。由于等离子喷涂过程中涂层沉积时的快速凝固作用,涂层以亚稳相-γA l2O3为主,经过激光重熔处理后,-γA l2O3又重新转变为稳定相-αA l2O3。     

锅炉“四管”用耐磨耐蚀涂层研究进展

总结了锅炉"四管"失效的形式和机理.热腐蚀和高温冲蚀磨损是锅炉"四管"失效的主要原因,采用热喷涂金属涂层、陶瓷涂层及金属陶瓷复合涂层等可以有效控制热腐蚀和高温冲蚀磨损.目前制备高性能涂层常用的方法有等离子喷涂、电弧喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂等.详细介绍了高镍铬合金涂层的研究状况和喷涂工艺的特点,最后展望了纳米结构涂层在该领域的研究进展和应用前景.