汽车焊装夹具的表面喷涂与耐磨性能研究

以镍基碳化钨粉末为喷涂原料,采用等离子喷涂和乙炔焰喷焊方法对汽车焊装夹具进行了表面改性处理,研究了不同热喷涂工艺下涂层的显微形貌、物相组成和孔隙率的变化规律,并对比分析了两种不同工艺下涂层的耐磨性能。结果表明,等离子喷涂涂层和乙炔焰喷焊涂层的物相组成均为γ-Ni、W_2C、Cr_7C_3和WC,涂层中都可见灰色区域、亮白色区域和黑色孔隙缺陷;乙炔焰喷焊涂层中的孔隙率要相对等离子喷涂涂层中更小;汽车焊装夹具基材的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,而等离子喷涂涂层和乙炔焰喷焊涂层磨损机制为粘着磨损。     

反应等离子喷涂 TiN 涂层的研究进展

TiN具有硬度高、韧性好、摩擦系数小、化学性能稳定等优点,广泛应用于刀具、装饰、表面防护等领域。目前制备TiN涂层的方法有很多,如气相沉积、热喷涂、电镀等,反应等离子喷涂则是最常用的金属-陶瓷复合涂层制备方法。概述了反应等离子喷涂技术的基本原理和分类,包括反应等离子喷涂涂层的形成过程及工艺的优缺点。综述了反应等离子喷涂TiN涂层的喷涂工艺及性能的研究进展,包括涂层的制备方法(原位合成法、烧结破碎法)和性能特点,重点分析了涂层的力学性能、耐磨损性能、耐腐蚀性能,并提出了可以依靠热处理工艺或封孔技术来提高涂层的耐腐蚀性能。依据实验和查阅的文献,反应等离子喷涂结合了自蔓延高温合成技术和等离子喷涂技术,可以制备质量优良的厚TiN涂层(500μm),是一种新型的低成本涂层制备技术,但是反应等离子喷涂制备TiN涂层存在孔隙率较高(5%~10%)、结合强度较低(50 MPa)的问题。分别从技术、设备、工艺、后处理四个方面总结了改善涂层质量的相应措施,展望了今后的研究发展方向。     

复合热源喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层及其性能分析

采用激光与等离子复合热源喷涂技术,在38CrMoA1基体上制备NiCr-Cr3C2涂层,对涂层的结合强度、显微硬度、微观组织结构以及抗高温滑动摩擦磨损性能等进行了测试分析.结果表明,与传统的等离子喷涂层相比,复合热源喷涂时,NiCr-Cr2C2粉末受热熔融更充分,流动性好,铺展均匀.涂层实现了冶金结合,具有更高的结合强...     

等离子喷涂制备典型涂层研究进展

从航空航天到交通运输、电子设备和医疗器械等,大大小小的行业中均可见到涂层的应用,涉及到这些领域的涂层种类主要有耐磨、耐蚀涂层、热障涂层、压电陶瓷涂层和生物陶瓷涂层等。等离子喷涂技术具有喷涂材料范围广、工艺简单等优点,是制备上述典型涂层的常用工艺方法。虽然同种工艺可制备出不同种类涂层,但由于所选的喷涂材料、喷涂参数不同,所获得的涂层性能和涂层结构之间也存在着一定差异,须对等离子喷涂各类涂层的研究进行分析与总结。基于此,文中简要介绍了国内外等离子喷涂涂层的应用现状,之后从不同种类涂层功能需求和技术特点出发,分析喷涂工艺对涂层结构和性能的影响。最后对提升涂层性能的工艺方法进行总结,并对今后等离子喷涂涂层技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

高效能超音速等离子喷涂粒子特性及涂层特点

超音速等离子喷涂技术是热喷涂技术的关键技术之一.从基础及应用的角度,研究了高效能超音速等离子(HEPJet)喷涂粒子的特性,探讨了高效能超音速等离子在制备Ni/Al等金属及其合金涂层、WC-Co金属陶瓷涂层、ZrO2等氧化物陶瓷涂层上的特点.结果表明,高效能超音速等离子喷涂系统具有焰流温度高、射流速度快等特点;制备的涂层粒子变形充分,涂层均匀,孔隙率低,结合强度高,涂层质量好;可将适用于喷涂的所有粉末材料制备成高质量涂层.     

不同热喷涂技术制备镍基涂层的摩擦磨损性能

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术和低压等离子喷涂技术，在铜基体上制备镍基涂层，研究涂层在室温下的摩擦磨损特性，探讨涂层的磨损机理。结果表明，HVAF制备的镍基涂层具有较好的耐磨性，主要原因是在涂层中存在Ni3B、M23C6、M7C3等硬质相，其磨损机理为磨粒磨损，而低压等离子喷涂技术制备的镍基涂层组织出现大量的非晶态，硬度低，磨损机理为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损的综合作用，并以疲劳磨损为主。     

等离子喷涂常规和纳米ZrO2-7％Y2O3热障涂层隔热性能

采用等离子喷涂工艺在TiAl合金表面制备常规和纳米ZrO2-7％Y2O3(质量分数)热障涂层,分析了两种涂层的组织结构,并对其隔热性能进行了比较.结果表明,等离子喷涂常规热障涂层呈典型的层状堆积特征,而纳米涂层为特殊的两相结构.相对于常规涂层,纳米涂层有较好的隔热性能;在1100℃时,等离子喷涂常规及纳米涂层的隔热温度分别为83、127℃.     

超音速等离子喷涂超细WC-12Co涂层的性能

采用超音速等离子喷涂系统,分别制备了超细WC-12Co涂层和普通WC-12Co涂层.研究了喷涂粒子在射流中的特性,分析了涂层形貌、成分和相组成,并对两涂层的常规性能(结合强度、显微硬度、孔隙率和耐冲蚀性能)进行了表征.结果表明,超细WC-12Co喷涂粒子在束流中速度更快(500 m/s),两涂层中WC相的氧化、失碳和分解程度比普通等离子喷涂时低.相比之下,超细WC-12Co涂层显微硬度(1350 HV0.3)和结合强度(65 MPa)更高,孔隙率(0.6%)更低,耐冲蚀磨损性能相当.     

热喷涂 Mo 及 Mo 基复合涂层研究进展

热喷涂Mo及Mo基复合涂层因熔点高、硬度高、耐磨损、耐腐蚀及高温性能稳定等诸多特点,而广泛应用于机械零件生产及表面修复。随着以资源有效利用和机械产品再制造为一体的可持续发展战略不断推进,此类涂层将拥有更为广阔的应用前景。首先介绍了国内外在热喷涂Mo及Mo基复合涂层方面的研究发展和应用现状;随后依据热喷涂技术的发展历程,分别总结论述了不同热喷涂技术,即火焰喷涂(普通火焰喷涂、高速火焰喷涂)、等离子喷涂(普通等离子喷涂、超音速等离子喷涂、微束等离子喷涂、低压等离子喷涂)及电热爆炸喷涂中,Mo及Mo基复合涂层的制备工艺、涂层性能特点及存在的问题;接着指出了热喷涂Mo及Mo基复合涂层在新概念武器、航空航天等高科技领域的应用前景。最后,就进一步拓展Mo及Mo基复合涂层在贫油减摩、高温高速耐磨、高温耐腐蚀及氧化等复杂环境下的应用范围,结合热喷涂技术的研究热点及发展方向,指出了未来热喷涂Mo及Mo基复合涂层在材料组分设计和工艺优化研究中应重点关注的方面。     

不同工艺制备的Ni-Cr-Al-Y合金涂层及性能

采用低压等离子喷涂（LPPS）、常规超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）和低温超音速火焰喷涂（LT-HVOF）三种工艺在铸造镍基高温合金K438基体上制备了Ni-Cr-Al-Y涂层,并对三种工艺制备涂层的显微结构、元素分布、相组成和基本性能进行对比研究。结果表明：LPPS涂层致密无层状结构,含氧量微小,具有较高的显微硬度和好的抗氧化性;HVOF涂层为典型的层状结构,含氧量高,显微硬度低,抗氧化性差;LT-HVOF涂层含氧量大大降低,具有优良的抗氧化性;三种涂层都发生了元素扩散。     

火焰喷涂和等离子喷涂FeCrBSi涂层及其防滑和耐磨性能研究

目的采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)和火焰喷涂(FS)在304不锈钢基体上制备FeCrBSi涂层,并对比研究两种工艺制备涂层的防滑和耐磨性能。方法通过光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对涂层的显微形貌和结构进行分析,通过维氏硬度计测试涂层的显微硬度。采用摩擦磨损试验机和三维光学显微镜,测量涂层在干摩擦条件下的摩擦系数和磨损量。结果两种喷涂方法制备的涂层多孔,在喷涂过程中极少发生氧化。与火焰喷涂涂层(749HV0.1)相比,大气等离子喷涂涂层(837HV0.1)具有更高的维氏硬度值。在摩擦试验中,火焰喷涂涂层的磨损率为(38.63±2.37)×10~(-6)m~3/(N·m),而大气等离子喷涂涂层的磨损率为(9.5±0.49)×10~(-6)m~3/(N·m),但两种涂层的摩擦系数区别较小,在频率2 Hz、载荷10 N的条件下的摩擦系数为0.6~0.7。结论两种涂层的磨损机制均为疲劳磨损,喷涂态FeCrBSi涂层具有较好的防滑耐磨性能,且大气等离子喷涂涂层性能优于火焰喷涂涂层。     

冷喷涂和低压等离子喷涂Ni-Ti涂层：组织和性能

采用原子比1：1的Ni和Ti为原料,通过冷喷涂(CS)和低压等离子喷涂(LPPS)制备了Ni-Ti复合涂层,研究喷涂工艺对涂层的组织(孔隙率、相组成和显微组织)和性能(硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性)的影响。结果表明：两种涂层均未发生明显的氧化,但表现出不同的组织结构。高速碰撞后的颗粒发生严重塑性变形使CS涂层具有低的孔隙率,且XRD未检测到其它的相生成;层片状结构的LPPS涂层内部形成了Ni-Ti金属间化合物相,其表现出高的显微硬度和低的磨损率。此外,LPPS涂层高的腐蚀电位和低的腐蚀电流密度,表明其高的耐蚀性。     

Characterization of YSZ solid oxide fuel cells electrolyte deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying and low pressure plasma spraying

Yttria doped zirconia has been widely used as electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Plasma spraying is a cost-effective process to deposit YSZ electrolyte. In this study, the 8 mol% Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ (YSZ) layer was deposited by low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) with fused-crushed and agglomerated powders to examine the effect of spray method and particle size on the electrical conductivity and gas permeability of YSZ coating. The microstructure of YSZ coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the gas permeability was significantly influenced by powder structure. The gas permeability of YSZ coating deposited by fused-crushed powder is one order lower in magnitude than that by agglomerated powder. Moreover, the gas permeability of YSZ deposited by LPPS is lower than that of APS YSZ. The electrical conductivity of the deposits through thickness direction was measured by potentiostat/galvanostat based on three-electrode assembly approach. The electrical conductivity of YSZ coating deposited by low pressure plasma spraying with fused-crushed powder of small particle size was 0.043 S cm⁻¹ at 100 °C, which is about 20% higher than that of atmospheric plasma spraying YSZ with the same powder. This article was originally published inBuilding on 100 Years of Success, Proceedings of the 2006 International Thermal Spray Conference (Seattle, WA), May 15–18, 2006, B.R. Marple, M.M. Hyland, Y.-Ch. Lau, R.S. Lima, and J. Voyer, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2006.     

Study of Al2O3 coatings on AISI 316 stainless steel obtained by controlled atmosphere plasma spraying (CAPS)

The tribological behaviour of Al₂O₃ coatings on AISI 316 stainless steel, obtained by the process of controlled atmosphere plasma spraying (CAPS), is studied in this work. Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and high pressure plasma spraying (HPPS) were applied in order to produce these coatings. The APS coatings exhibited lower microhardness values compared to the values of HPPS coatings. Regarding the HPPS coatings it was found that plasma composition, through its heat capacity, does influence the heat transfer to particles, and, consequently, their flattening and densification process, which govern coating properties. It was revealed that tribological behaviour of coatings was influenced by the applied spraying method too. Coatings from HPPS under high-enthalpy conditions led to worst wear behaviour. In general, properties, such as microstructure, microhardness, coefficient of friction and wear resistance depended on the processing conditions such as pressure and composition of the spraying chamber atmosphere.     

On the Role of Spraying Process on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Thermal Response of Alumina Coatings

Thermal spraying is a widely used technology for industrial applications to provide coatings that improve the surface characteristics. According to the specificities of processes (APS, VPS, flame, electric arc), any kind of material can be sprayed. Among materials, ceramic coatings present several interesting aspects such as wear resistance, corrosion protection as well as thermal or electrical insulation; particularly alumina coatings which appear as the most commonly used. From all spraying processes, atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is a rather well-established process but some others can also be used with a lower economical impact such as the flame technology. The aim of this study was to analyze the alumina coating properties according to the technology employed such as APS or wire flame spraying using the Rokide™ and the Master Jet^? guns. After micrographic analyses by SEM, physical and mechanical properties were measured considering the thermal conductivity and the hardness. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

Characterization of plasma sprayed Fe-17Cr-38Mo-4C amorphous coatings crystallizing at extremely high temperature

A Fe-17Cr-38Mo-4C alloy powder was plasma sprayed by three processes: an 80 kW low-pressure plasma spray (LPPS), a 250 kW high-energy plasma spray (HPS), and a 40 kW conventional plasma spray (APS). The as-sprayed coating obtained by the LPPS process is composed of only amorphous phase. As-sprayed coatings obtained by the HPS and APS processes are a mixture of amorphous and crystalline phases. The three as-sprayed coatings exhibit a high hardness of 1000 to 1100 DPN. The amorphous phase in these coatings crystallizes at a high temperature of about 920 K. A very fine structure composed of hard ϰ-phase and carbides is formed after crystallization. The hardness of the coating obtained by LPPS reaches a maximum of 1450 DPN just after crystallization on tempering and retains a high hardness more than 1300 DPN after tempering at high temperatures of 1173 or 1273 K. The corrosion potential of the amorphous coating is the highest among the three coatings and higher than that of a SUS316L stainless steel coating. The anodic polarization measurements infer that the corrosion resistance of the amorphous coating is superior or comparable to SUS316L stainless steel coating in H₂SO₄ solution.     

等离子喷涂典型耐磨涂层材料体系与性能现状研究

等离子喷涂作为重要的热喷涂技术之一,在零件表面强化处理与再制造损伤修复领域具有广泛的应用.由于不同机械零部件工作环境(温度、转速、腐蚀环境、润滑状况等)、基体材质及运动形式等因素存在较大的差异,因而通常需根据其具体服役工况选择最优的表面强化涂层,以满足零件表面摩擦学性能需求,提升机械装备的综合服役性能.基于此,对国内外采用等离子喷涂技术所制备的典型耐磨涂层的材料体系及涂层性能进行了详细地综述,系统介绍了组织成分、物相结构、力学性能、服役工况等因素对典型涂层(包括金属基涂层、陶瓷基涂层及多相复合涂层等)摩擦学性能的影响机理.结果表明,涂层的摩擦学性能受到涂层自身特性相关的内因(包括孔隙率、力学性能、组织成分等)和服役工况相关的外因(包括载荷、频率、润滑状态、工作介质等)的影响;典型金属基耐磨涂层包括Fe基、Ni基和Mo基涂层等,通过表面处理、后处理和工艺优化等手段,可显著改善涂层的摩擦学性能;采取不同的喷涂方式因颗粒熔化程度差异,使陶瓷基涂层产生不同的磨损程度;针对纳米、微米结构的陶瓷基涂层进行对比分析,发现纳米涂层通过吸收应力而降低磨损;复合涂层通过添加润滑相能够降低其摩擦因数、减轻涂层磨损,其中相较于单一润滑相,多组润滑相能通过发挥协同润滑效果,使涂层在不同温度区间下保持良好的耐磨性.最后,对等离子喷涂涂层耐磨性能的提升和优化方向进行了展望.     

热喷涂NiCoCrAlYTa+7YSZ热障涂层颗粒沉积行为

分别采用低压等离子喷涂和大气等离子喷涂在K4169基体上收集了NiCoCrAlYTa颗粒沉积物及涂层,并对颗粒沉积物的形貌及涂层性能进行了观察分析。结果表明:低压等离子喷涂收集到的单个NiCoCrAlYTa扁平颗粒主要呈圆盘状,涂层致密且氧含量低。而大气等离子喷涂收集到的扁平颗粒主要呈溅射状,涂层孔隙率和氧含量均较高。又在经镜面抛光的NiCoCrAlYTa涂层和K4169基体上分别收集了7YSZ颗粒沉积物,并对其沉积形貌进行了观察分析,结果表明:在K4169基体上收集到的7YSZ颗粒沉积物主要呈圆盘状,表面存在大量的网状微裂纹及宏观环状贯通裂纹。在镜面抛光的NiCoCrAlYTa涂层表面收集的7YSZ颗粒沉积物,周围有少量的指状溅射物,中心部存在一定数量的网状微裂纹,但宏观环状裂纹消失。