Ni50Mn27Ga23快淬薄带的马氏体相变和磁感生应变

采用快淬技术制各了非化学计量成分的Ni50Mn27Ga23多晶薄带，对快淬薄带的马氏体相变和磁感生应变进行了研究。结果表明，快淬薄带侄冷却和加热过程中仍然发牛热弹性马氏体相变及逆相变，具有典型的热弹性形状记忆效应，并且比铸态合金具有更大的应变，但是马氏体相变温度下降。快淬工艺在合金内部引入特定的内应力，使薄带形成织构，是合金获得更大相变应变和磁感卞应变的原因。热处理后，内应力大大降低，导致磁感牛应变降低。     

Ni_(54)Mn_(25)Ga_(15)Al_6高温形状记忆合金的微观组织和相变行为(英文)

研究Ni54Mn25Ga15Al6高温形状记忆合金的微观组织、马氏体相变特性、力学性能和形状记忆效应。通过与Ni54Mn25Ga21合金对比,分析添加第四组元Al对Ni-Mn-Ga合金性能的影响。结果表明:Ni54Mn25Ga15Al6合金为单一的四方结构非调制马氏体相并呈片状的马氏体孪晶板条形貌。该合金的马氏体相变开始温度超过190°C,具有发展成为高温形状记忆合金的潜力。在Ni-Mn-Ga合金中添加Al会降低马氏体相变温度,这主要归因于Al添加引入的晶格尺寸因素的改变。添加Al元素能有效提高合金的强度和塑性,但降低合金的形状记忆性能。     

快淬速度对纳米晶复合Nd8.5Fe77.7Nb2Co5Ga0.6B6.2粘结永磁体温度系数的影响

采用熔体快淬法及真空退火工艺制备了不同淬速的Nd8.5Fe77.7Nb2Co5Ga0.6B6.2粘结磁体,研究了不同淬速下磁体的磁性能及温度系数。结果表明,适当的快淬速度有利于合金退火后的晶粒细化,有效地改善了退火后软、硬磁相间的交换耦合作用。快淬速度对磁体的温度系数有显著的影响,矫顽力温度系数β随着淬速的增加而逐渐降低;随着淬速的增加,剩磁温度系数α先降低后升高,这可能与合金中软、硬磁相间的交换耦合作用的变化有密切的关系。     

铸态和快淬Ti基贮氢合金的放电容量与显微结构

快淬工艺能明显地提高Ti0 .8Zr0 .2 Mn0 .5V0 .5Ni1.0 贮氢合金的放电容量 ,而且淬速与放电容量之间在一定情况下出现峰值。XRD、SEM、TEM分析结果表明 :快淬合金由细小的枝晶组成 ,随着淬速增加 ,晶粒更加细小 ;快淬合金很难形成非晶 ,当淬速达到 32m/s时仅有少量非晶出现 ,主体仍是微晶和纳米晶 ;Ti0 .8Zr0 .2 Mn0 .5V0 .5Ni1.0 合金是多相结构 ,低淬速快淬态合金和铸态合金由大量的六方C14Laves相和少量的TiNi非Laves相组成 ,当淬速达到 8m/s时 ,合金中开始出现立方C15Laves相。快淬合金中能大量吸氢的C14、C15相的总含量更多 ,从而使快淬钛基合金的放电容量有较大的提高。合金中各个相的相对含量随着淬速的改变而改变 ,使C14、C15相的总含量与淬速之间并不是简单的线性关系     

铸态和快淬态Mm(NiCoMnAl)5Bx(=0～0.2)贮氢合金的相结构与电化学性能

用铸造及快淬工艺制备了低钴AB5型Mm(NiCoMnAl)5BxBx=0～0.2)贮氢合金,测试了合金的微观结构及电化学性能,研究了B含量及快淬工艺的变化对合金晶格常数、热力学参数、微观结构及电化学性能的影响.结果表明:合金的晶格常数、晶胞体积及标准生成焓均随B含量的增加而增大;在一定的淬速范围内,快淬处理可以提高合金的放电容量,但淬速超过某一临界淬速时,快淬合金的容量低于铸态合金;合金的循环寿命随淬速的增加而单调增加.     

热环境对快淬锌合金的耐蚀性能影响

研究了热处理对快淬ZA27合金耐腐蚀性的影响.通过采用快淬和热处理设备,得到相同成分不同状态的三种合金组织.通过PS-1型恒电位恒电流仪对不同状态的合金进行腐蚀实验.结果表明,热环境能够降低快淬ZA27合金的抗环境腐蚀能力.     

预形变对Fe—Mn—Si合金γ=ε相变的影响

预形变强烈诱发Fe-Mn-Si合金产生γ→ε马氏体相变,预形变量较小时,形变诱发产生的γ→ε马氏体具有择优取向,同一晶粒内的ε马氏体片大多数取向相同;随预形变量增大,ε马氏体大量增多,ε马氏体片之间呈现交叉;预变量越,大将 叉现象愈严重,形变诱发的ε马氏体片的相互交叉是产生加工硬化的重要,原因之一,预形变对Fe-Mn-Si合金γ=ε相变过程的相变温度影响显著,随着预形变量的增大,合金的相变点Ms有不同程度升高,且含Si量越多,升高幅度越大;As和Af都明显升高,其升高幅度更为显著。     

激冷Ti-47Ni合金薄带的组织、相变和形状记忆行为

为了开发微机电系统用快响应微执行器材料,采用熔体快淬法制备了激冷Ti-47Ni(原子分数,%)形状记忆合金薄带,利用CLSM、XRD、DSC和弯曲实验研究了铜辊速率和退火工艺对Ti-47Ni合金薄带显微组织、相组成、相变行为和形状记忆行为的影响。结果表明,不同辊速制备的铸态和300~800℃退火态Ti-47Ni合金薄带的显微组织均呈纵横排列的柱状,辊速越高合金薄带的晶粒越细,退火工艺对合金薄带显微组织影响不大。Ti-47Ni合金薄带的组成相为马氏体(B19'相,单斜结构)+母相(B2相,Cs Cl型结构),冷却/加热时发生B2→B19'/B19'→B2一阶段马氏体相变,正、逆马氏体相变温度分别约为54和81℃,相变热滞约为27℃。随辊速增加,合金薄带马氏体相变温度降低,形状记忆恢复率提高。随退火温度升高,合金薄带相变行为变化不大,形状记忆恢复率在93%~98%之间变化。铸态和退火态Ti-47Ni合金薄带皆具有优异的形状记忆效应。     

化学成分影响NiMnGa基合金热学及力-磁学性能研究进展

铁磁性记忆合金Ni-Mn-Ga具有可恢复应变大、响应速度快等优点，有望成为一种智能驱动与传感材料。该合金的热学特性、力-磁性能都对化学成分十分敏感。本文综述了Ni-Mn-Ga基马氏体结构转变温度和力-磁性能对化学成分依赖性：明确了马氏体类型、相变温度和居里温度的变化规律；总结了磁晶各向异性能和饱和磁化强度的变化趋势；探究了掺杂元素降低马氏体孪生应力内在机理。最后对Ni-Mn-Ga合金成分设计中存在的问题进行了探讨。     

热处理和球磨对Ni-Mn-Ga-Nb合金显微组织和相变的影响（英文）

为了揭示时效和球磨后Nb掺杂Ni-Mn-Ga合金的相变演化,采用SEM、EDS、XRD、DSC和交流磁化率测试等技术研究时效和球磨双相Nb掺杂Ni-Mn-Ga合金的显微组织和相变。铸态合金主要由层状第二相组成,随着第二相含量增加,合金的马氏体相变逐渐减弱。1173 K淬火后第二相从层状转变为致密的棒状,且合金的马氏体相变增强。经673和873K时效后,含有较少第二相的3%Nb合金表现为一步相变,而含有较多第二相的6%Nb和9%Nb合金表现为两步马氏体相变和居里转变。球磨双相颗粒的马氏体相变和居里转变消失,1073 K退火后基体的高有序结构得到恢复,从而导致双相颗粒的马氏体相变和居里转变恢复。     

Structural, thermal and magnetic properties of Fe-Si-B-P-Cu melt-spun ribbons: Application of non-isothermal kinetics and the amorphous random anisotropy model

The microstructural variation of Fe-Si-B-P-Cu melt-spun ribbons was analyzed on the basis of non-isothermal kinetics and the amorphous random anisotropy model. The magnitude of latent heat of the crystallization process obtained from DSC curves increases with the increase of quenching wheel speed. The apparent activation energies of the nucleation and growth of α-Fe nanocrystallites increase as the quenching wheel speed increases. Thermal analysis implies that the size of the local short-medium order (cluster) in melt-spun ribbons reduces with the increase of quenching wheel speed. Meanwhile, magnetic measurements display that the coercivity of the stress-released ribbons decreases with the increasing quenching wheel speed. This confirms the thermal analysis results on the basis of the amorphous random anisotropy model. Combing thermal analysis with magnetic measurements, it is believed that the cluster size of the melt-spun ribbons decreases with the increase of the cooling rate during melt-spinning process. Nanocrystalline alloy with desirable microstructure and soft magnetic properties is anticipated to be obtained from an amorphous alloy prepared at an appropriate cooling rate by adjusting the quenching wheel speed.     

Structure and magnetic characterization of amorphous and crystalline Nd–Fe–Al alloys

Glass formation has been studied in Nd₆₀Fe₃₀Al₁₀ alloy produced by melt-spinning, water quenching and copper mold chill casting. Partially amorphous alloys were obtained by melt-spinning at low wheel speeds of 5 to 15 m/s and by water quenching of a 1-mm diameter rod, while fully amorphous alloys were obtained by melt-spinning at higher wheel speeds of 20 and 30 m/s and chill casting of a 1-mm diameter rod. A high coercivity was observed in the partially amorphous ribbon melt-spun at 5 m/s and water quenched rod, and in the fully amorphous chill cast rod, while low values of coercivity were obtained in fully amorphous ribbons melt-spun at high speeds of 20 and 30 m/s. Crystallization of water quenched and chill cast samples after heat treatment at high temperature resulted in a substantial reduction of the high coercivity. Results of X-ray diffraction indicate that formation of Nd and a ternary Fe–Nd–Al phase with an unknown crystal structure were present after crystallization. TEM results and a magnetic study of the heat treated samples indicate that as long as there is an amorphous phase produced by low cooling rate, the high coercivity remains. The high coercivity of bulk amorphous samples is discussed. The unknown ternary Fe–Nd–Al phase is antiferromagnetic with a Neel temperature at about 260 K.     

Relationship between cooling rate and electrochemical performance of melt-spun AB_5 alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONNi/MHsecondarybatterieshaverapidlybeendevelopedandgraduallysubstitutedforNi/Cdbatter iesintherecentdecadeduetoitshighspecificenergydensityandhavingnopoisonouselementcadmium .TheactivematerialofnegativeelectrodewidelyusedinNi/MHsecondarybatteriesisAB5 typehydrogenstoragealloynowadays .However ,itisstillneededtoimprovethecomprehensive propertiesofAB5 typehydrogenstoragealloyforprolongingtheservicelifeofNi/MHbatteries .Anormalmethodtoimprovethecomprehensivepropertiesofthe…     

快速凝固MlNi4．0 Al 0．3 Si 0．1 Fe0．6无Co贮氢电极合金的微结构和电化学性能

研究了单辊快淬快速凝固处理对无Co贮氢电极合金MlNi4．0Al0．3Si0．1Fe0．6的微结构和电化学性能的影响。XRD分析表明，快凝合金仍为单相CaCu5型结构，但合金相的成分和结构均匀性得到明显改善。金相观察和能谱分析显示，铸态合金为比较粗大的树枝晶结构并存在明显的成分偏析，而快凝合金呈细小的胞状晶结构，合金中元素的分布趋于均匀化。电化学测试表明，快速凝固处理后合金的活化性能不变，循环稳定性得到显著改善，但其放电容量和高倍率放电性能有所降低。研究发现，快凝合金电极的交换电流密度Io以及氢在合金中的扩散系数D较铸态合金有所减小是导致其高倍率放电性能降低的主要原因。快速凝固处理导致无Co合金电化学性能的变化与合金的微结构的改变有关。     

冷却速度对快淬Fe-Si-B-Cu合金结构和磁性能的影响

采用单辊旋淬法,以不同的轮辊转速(50、40、30和25 m/s)制备高Fe含量Fe_(82.65)Cu_(1.35)Si_2B_(14)非晶合金薄带,研究了冷却速度对快淬合金结构和性能的影响.结果表明:随冷却速度的降低,淬态Fe_(82.65)Cu_(1.35)Si_2B_(14)合金的条带厚度逐渐增大,合金由完全的非晶态结构转变为非晶与纳米晶的混合结构;同时,随冷却速度的降低,一次晶化温度下降,材料的饱和磁感应强度逐渐增加,在轮辊转速为25 m/s时,淬态合金的饱和磁感应强度达到1.4 T.     

Some studies on hot extrusion of rapidly solidified Mg alloys

Rapidly solidified magnesium alloys show great potential for application in automotive and aerospace industries. In this study, Mg-Al-Zn alloys (AZ91) were rapidly solidified by a melt-spinning process to form ribbons. Pulverized ribbons were cold-compacted and then hot-extruded to form rods. During extrusion, a specially designed die with constant strain rate profile was used and found to be advantageous. By properly establishing the complete process, extruded rods of rapidly solidified AZ91 alloys exhibiting good combination of room temperature strength and ductility were produced. Microstructural investigations were carried out on melt-spun ribbons and extruded rods. Effects of extrusion die shape, extrusion ratio, and extrusion temperature on mechanical properties of the extruded rods were also investigated.     

Influence of material processing on crystallographic and electrochemical properties of cobalt-free LaNi4.95Sn0.3 hydrogen storage alloy

1 Introduction Mischmetal-based AB5-type alloys containing about 10% Co (mass fraction) are now widely used as the negative electrode materials of Ni/MH batteries because of their long cycle life and good overall properties. It is known that Co is an ess…     

Preparation and Characterization of CuFe Alloy Ribbons

首先采用高频感应熔炼法制备不同Fe含量的CuFe母合金,在对其组织与性能研究基础上采用单辊快速凝固甩带法制备了合金CuFe合金薄带,对不同成分的CuFe合金薄带相结构、组织进行分析表征。结果表明,Fe 含量在2%~10% (质量分数) 的范围内,随着Fe含量增加,合金的微观组织中富Fe枝晶数量增多且发生粗化。CuFe母合金的电导率随Fe含量增加逐渐降低,而硬度随之增大。Fe含量为 8%的 CuFe 合金组织中 Cu 基体的显微硬度较高。CuFe合金薄带组织中晶粒非常细小,从辊面到自由面由于凝固速度的差异,合金薄带组织中晶粒逐渐变粗。对 CuFe合金薄带进行XRD分析,未发现Fe的衍射峰,仅有Cu的衍射峰;同时发现随着Fe含量的增加,Cu的衍射峰逐渐降低并且变宽,并向低角度偏移,同时Cu (220)点阵常数增大,结合Cu-6.0%Fe的SEM分析,表明Fe固溶入Cu中,形成了CuFe固溶体     

Preparation and characterisation of melt-spun Al–Cu–Fe quasicrystals

Three Al–Cu–Fe alloys with compositions of Al_60–65Cu_20–27.5Fe_12.5–15 were prepared by conventional casting and further processed by melt-spinning. The structures formed were examined to get an insight into the interrelated effects of synthesis, processing and microstructure of Al–Cu–Fe alloys. The study aimed at answering the questions such as whether the production of single-phase quasicrystalline ribbons is possible by the melt-spinning process and what is the role of the degree of undercooling in the development of microstructure in melt-spun ribbons.The icosahedral ψ-Al₆₅Cu₂₀Fe₁₅ phase forms by a peritectic reaction between the primary β-AlFe phase and the liquid, as the temperature decreases. At the later stages of cooling, the monoclinic λ-Al₁₃Fe₄ phase and the tetragonal θ-Al₂Cu phase are formed in the cast alloys, as a result of peritectic reactions. In the rapidly solidified alloys, the formation of the tetragonal θ-Al₂Cu phase and, in the case of alloy Al₆₀Cu₂₅Fe₁₅, the monoclinic λ-Al₁₃Fe₄ phase is avoided, apparently due to high degree of undercooling. Thus, the production of single-phase quasicrystalline ribbons is not possible by the melt-spinning process, at least by using the cooling rate of 5–7×10⁴ °C/s. In addition to phase selection, the degree on undercooling influences, for example, the composition of the ψ-Al₆₅Cu₂₀Fe₁₅ phase and the grain morphology in melt-spun ribbons.