2D70耐热铝合金铸态组织研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、X射线物相分析、透射电子显微镜研究了2D70耐热铝合金半连续铸锭的铸态组织.研究结果表明:2D70耐热铝合金铸态组织为粗大枝晶组织,枝晶间蜂窝状共晶相为AL,A12CuMg/A12Cu,合金中含有大量块状相和条状相,能谱分析显示为含Fe,Ni相,铸态合金中Cu,Fe,Ni元素偏析严重.合金铸态相主要为а(Al),S(Al2CuMg),0(Al2Cu),Al7Cu2Fe,Al7Cu4Ni,Al9FeNi相.     

Al对Mg-5Gd-3Y铸态合金组织和性能的影响

通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、金相组织分析和拉伸性能测试等方法,研究了Al对Mg-5Gd-3Y铸态合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-5Gd-3Y铸态合金的组织由α-Mg基体和共晶相Mg5Gd和Mg24Y5组成。加入Al元素后,有新相Al2Gd、Al2Y析出,对合金的晶粒起到细化作用,有效提高了Mg-5Gd-3Y铸态合金的力学性能。     

GH742合金钢锭的组织及偏析的消除

研究了GH742合金钢锭的显微组织、初熔点、元素偏析及其消除办法.研究表明,钢锭原始铸态组织基体γ中有大量γ'相,枝晶间存在少量γ/γ'共晶相、针状金属间化合物(Ni3Nb)、白色块状镧化物和部分骨架状碳化物.初熔点在1130～1160℃之间.钢锭经1135℃×24h均匀化处理可消除枝晶偏析,使组织均匀.     

Co含量对一种新型高温合金铸态及热处理组织的影响

利用高温度梯度真空定向凝固方法,在保持其他元素不变的情况下,制备3种不同Co含量(质量分数,下同)的新型第四代镍基单晶高温合金,研究了Co含量对合金定向铸造凝固过程、热处理过程中偏析行为及显微组织演化的影响规律.研究结果表明：不同Co含量合金的初熔温度变化不大;随着Co含量的增加,合金的固、液相线温度升高,3种铸态合金中,质量分数为9%的Co合金(以下简称9%Co)的一次枝晶干与二次枝晶干间距最小,(γ+γ′)共晶组织含量最多;9%Co合金铸态组织偏析最为明显,Co含量的变化对Re和W等典型负偏析元素的偏析系数影响较大,而对Al和Ta等典型正偏析元素的偏析系数未见明显影响.合金经固溶处理后共晶回溶、枝晶偏析得以消除,二次时效处理后,随着Co含量的增加,γ′相平均尺寸及立方度的变化趋势均为先增大再略微减小.标准热处理后,Co含量对γ′相体积分数未见明显影响,且9%Co合金具有最佳的γ′相平均尺寸和立方度.     

镍基高温合金GH4151的偏析及相析出行为

摘要：利用电子探针(EPMA)、场发射扫描电镜（SEM）及差热分析（DTA）研究了GH4151合金的元素偏析行为、铸态组织特征以及析出相种类,并对合金凝固过程进行讨论。结果表明：GH4151合金凝固过程中,W元素偏聚于枝晶干,Mo、Nb、Ti元素偏聚于枝晶间,Co、Cr、Al元素几乎不发生偏析,Nb、Ti元素偏析较重。GH4151铸锭心部为粗大的等轴晶,主要析出相包括强化相γ′相、一次碳化物、η相、（γ+γ′）共晶相以及Laves相,其中枝晶间分布的η相、（γ+γ′）共晶相和Laves相为低温脆性相在凝固末期形成,扩大了合金的凝固区间,从而导致合金热裂敏感性增加。     

退火温度对(La,Y)-Mg-Ni-Al合金气态吸放氢性能影响

为了探究La0.62Y0.2Mg0.18Ni3.30Al0.20合金具有良好气态吸放氢性能的适宜退火温度,采用XRD、OM分析了铸态及退火合金的相结构及金相组织,用SEM观察了吸放氢前后合金颗粒的表面形貌,用压力-组成-温度(PCT)仪测试了合金的PCT特性以及吸放氢动力学性能。结果表明,900℃退火合金含有LaNi5和(La,Y,Mg)2(Ni,Al)7主相以及Ni3Y残余相。随着退火温度升高,主相不变,但Ni3Y转变成Y2Ni7相;主相晶胞体积先增大后减小,在41~43°衍射角度内,半高宽先减小后增大。与铸态及其他温度退火合金相比,950℃退火合金的组织均匀性较好,吸放氢量、平均吸放氢速率较高,吸放氢的氢压和滞后系数较小。综合比较,实验范围内,合金的适宜退火温度为950℃。     

K445高温合金的微观组织特征研究

研究了K445高温合金微观组织特征.结果表明,K445铸态合金的主要组织为γ基体、粗大的γ'相、花辩状的γ+γ'共晶组织以及晶界上和晶内的MC碳化物;经过热处理后的K445合金的主要组织的形貌和分布有较大改变,成分偏析程度减轻,粗大的γ'相变得细小而弥散,在晶界上及晶内都分布着一定数量的M23C6及少量的MC碳化物.     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的显微偏析行为

研究了一种新型镍基单晶高温合金DD98铸态组织的显微偏析行为.实验结果表明,当合金以枝晶凝固时,组织中存在显微偏析.其中元素Mo、Cr、Ti、Ta、Al在枝晶间富集,Ti、Mo、Ta、Cr的偏析较为严重,Al的偏析程度相对小一些,Ni、Co、W为枝晶干偏析元素,其中W的偏析最为严重;共晶中富集Al、Ta、Ti、Ni,贫Co、W、Cr、Mo.凝固速率对枝晶偏析有显著的影响.随着抽拉速率的增加,元素Al、Mo、Co、Ti的偏析程度增加,而Ta的偏析程度降低,其它元素的偏析程度变化不大.     

抗热腐蚀高温合金的蠕变组织及其转变

研究了一种新型铸造高温合金K44在高温拉伸蠕变实验中的组织转变.通过光学及电子显微镜观察了合金的铸态组织及高温蠕变过程中不同阶段的组织特征;重点探讨了合金中γ'相的沉淀筏形化、定向粗化及位错与其交互作用.结果表明,多晶高温合金中γ'相的筏形化方向与内应力有关;位错与γ'相的相互作用使加速蠕变阶段较长.蠕变过程中,碳化物形状由骨架状分散为条片状,共晶胞界处γ'相沉淀析出球状γ相;沿着拉伸应力轴方向,从试样根部到断口,滑移系开动数量增多,γ'相的变形越来越大.     

Al含量对镍基单晶高温合金组织 和持久性能的影响

采用选晶法在定向凝固炉中制备了5.6 % Al和6.0 % Al的2种单晶高温合金，保持其它合金元素含量相同，热处理后在1 040 ℃长期时效800 h，采用扫描电镜研究了Al含量对合金共晶含量、热处理组织、长期时效组织和持久性能的影响.结果表明，随着Al含量增加，合金铸态组织中的共晶含量稍有增加，热处理组织中枝晶干γ′相无明显变化，枝晶间的γ′相稍有增大.随着Al含量增加，合金时效组织中TCP相析出量增加，枝晶间γ′相筏排化倾向增加，合金的组织稳定性变差.随着Al含量增加，合金的持久寿命增加，延伸率和断面收缩率减小.      

Effect of Barothermal Treatment on the Structure and the Mechanical Properties of a High-Strength Eutectic Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Ni Aluminum Alloy

The effect of barothermal treatment by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on the structure and the properties of castings of a promising high-strength cast aluminum alloy, namely, nikalin ATs6N4 based on the Al?Zn–Mg–Cu–Ni system, has been studied using two barothermal treatment regimes different in isothermal holding temperature. It is shown that the casting porosity substantially decreases after barothermal treatment; eutectic phase Al3Ni particles are additionally refined during exposure to the barothermal treatment temperature: the higher the HIP temperature, the more substantial the refinement. The improvement of the casting structure after HIP increases their mechanical properties. It is found, in particular, that the plasticity of the alloy in the state of the maximum hardening increases by a factor of more than 8 as compared to the initial state (from 0.82 to 6.9%).     

Effects of trace ytterbium addition on microstructure,mechanical and thermal properties of hypoeutectic Al–5Ni alloy

Over the past decade, the cast aluminum alloys with excellent mechanical and conductivity properties have emerged as potential materials for thermal management. However, the traditional Al–Si based alloys are difficult to make significant breakthrough in conductivity performance. The hypoeutectic Al–5Ni alloy also possesses sound castability and is expected to be applied in thermal management applications. In this study, the effects of ytterbium (Yb element) at 0–0.5 wt% on the microstructures as well as the electrical/thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the Al–5Ni alloy were systematically investigated. The experimental results indicate that the addition of Yb at a relatively low amount not only reduces the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the α-Al grains, but also modifies the morphology and distribution of eutectic boundary phase. Moreover, it is found that the dosage of Yb at 0.3 wt% in the Al–5Ni alloy can simultaneously improve the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and electrical/thermal conductivity. The strengthening and toughening of the Al–5Ni alloy are mainly attributed to the decrease of secondary dendrite arm spacing and the improvement of eutectic phases. The transmission electron microscopy/selected area electron diffraction (TEM/SAED) analysis indicates that the ytterbium in Al–5Ni alloy will form Al₃Yb phase, which mainly agglomerates in the Al₃Ni phase region. This phase is helpful to decrease the solubility of impurity elements (e.g., Fe and Si) in the α-Al matrix, which is beneficial to electrical/thermal conductivity. The value of this study lays foundation for manufacturing Al–Ni alloys with high thermal conductivity and acceptable mechanical properties.     

Study on structure and electrochemical properties of the （LaGdMg）Ni3.35-xCoxAl0.15（x=0-2.0） hydrogen storage alloys

Hydrogen storage alloys(LaGdMg)Ni3.35-xCoxAl0.15(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0) were prepared by induction melting followed by annealing treatment in argon atmosphere.The effects of partly replacing Ni by Co element in(LaGdMg)Ni3.35Al0.15 on the phase structure and electrochemical properties of(LaGdMg)Ni3.35-xCoxAl0.15 alloys were investigated.Structure analysis showed that the alloys consisted of Ce2Ni7-type(Gd2Co7-type),CaCu5-type,Pr5Co19-type,PuNi3-type phase structure.The addition of Co element obviously reduced the contents of CaCu5-type phase and increased the contents of Ce2Ni7-type phase.However,Pr5Co19-type and CaCu5-type phase obviously increased with the high content of Co.Rietveld analysis showed that the c-axis lattice parameters and cell volumes of the component phases increased with increasing Co content.The electrochemical measurements showed that as the Co content increased,the maximum discharge capacity and the cyclic stability of the annealed alloys both first increased then decreased.The(LaGdMg)Ni3.05Co0.3Al0.15 alloy electrode exhibited the maximum discharge capacity(392.92 mAh/g),and the(LaGdMg)Ni1.85Co1.0Al0.15 alloy electrode showed the best cyclic stability(S100=96.1%).     

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Misch Metal Based Bulk Metallic Glasses

Bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)have been devel-oped in many alloy systems during past decade.Among these systems,rare-earth(RE)metal-basedBMGs are ones of those found earliest and with betterglass forming ability(GFA).For example,La-basedBMGs were the first a…     

Simultaneous Primary Si Refinement and Eutectic Modification in Hypereutectic Al–Si Alloys

A solid?Cliquid duplex casting process was applied to achieve simultaneous refinement and modification of silicon phases in hypereutectic Al?CSi alloys. In this process P-treated Al-24Si (wt%) solid alloy is mixed with Sr-treated eutectic Al-12.6Si molten alloy to provide an Al-18Si alloy in the Liquid?+?Primary Si phase field and then cast. By using this process the mean particle size of primary silicon was reduced from 50???m to less than 15???m (refinement) and the eutectic structure changed from a plate-like to a fibrous structure (modification) when compared with conventional casting process. The results of mechanical testing showed that the tensile strength increased by about 14?% from 153.5 to 175.1?MPa and the elongation more than doubled from 1.64 to 3.76?%. The improvement of mechanical properties is attributed to the combination of refined primary silicon and the fibrous structure of the modified eutectic Al?CSi matrix.     

Microstructural and Tribological Characteristics of Al–10Cu–Fe alloy Produced by Vertical Centrifugal Casting process

In this study, an attempt has been made to produce Al–10Cu–Fe alloy by vertical centrifugal casting at speeds ranging from 800 to 2850 rpm. The microstructural features, mechanical and wear properties have been investigated. The microstructure of Al–10Cu–Fe alloy consists of equiaxed grain morphology of the primary α-phase with eutectic phases in the interdendritic regions. It has been observed that there is a variation in the grain size from the inner surface of the casting to its outer surface. The speed also has a strong influence on the grain size and subsequent mechanical properties of the alloy. The wear properties of the alloy have been evaluated at a constant sliding velocity of 1 m/s for a range of applied load and sliding distance. The variations in the wear behavior are attributed to the size and solidification morphology of the castings.     

Investigation of Pt-Dy co-doping effects on isothermal oxidation behavior of （Co,Ni）-based alloy

A Co32Ni21Cr8Al0.6Y (wt.%) alloy with and without doping 3 wt.% platinum, or co-doping 3 wt.% platinum and 0.1 wt.% dysprosium was produced by arc melting. The hardness of both base alloy and composition-modified alloy was measured by using a Vickers hardness tester. Isothermal oxidation tests at 1000 ℃ in static air atmosphere were conducted to assess the isothermal oxidation behavior of the alloys. The microstructure and composition of the tested alloys before and after oxidation were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and back scatter detector. Results showed that platinum had significant influence on microstructure of the tested alloy by the formation of β-(Ni,Pt)Al phase. Addition of 3 wt.% platinum could slightly increase the hardness of the tested alloy. Platinum accelerated phase transformation of alumina from metastable θ-Al 2 O 3 to stable α-Al 2 O 3 and suppressed the consumption of β-phase. Co-doping both 3 wt.% platinum and 0.1 wt.% dysprosium induced the fastest transformation of θto αalumina and the formation of a fine-grained oxide scales. The most effective reduction of oxidation rate was achieved by the Pt-Dy co-doping effects.     

Changes of Structure and Magnetic Properties during Crystallization in Cast Nd60Fe20Al8Co10B2 Alloy

The Nd60Fe20Al8Co10B2 alloy was prepared by suction casting of the molten alloy into a copper mold under argon atmosphere. The micro-structural and magnetic property changes in the Nd60Fe20Al8Co10B2 alloy during crystallization were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The precipitation and Nd-rich and Fe-rich phases have no significant effect on the intrinsic coercitity for Nd60Fe20Al8Co10B2 alloy annealed below 723 K. However, the growth of Fe-rich phase decreases the saturate magnetization and remanence of the alloy. The hard magnetic behavior is disappeared when the alloy is fullycrystallized.     

熔体过热度对Zr基非晶合金力学性能和热稳定性能的影响

采用吸铸法制备Zr70Cu13.5Ni8.5Al8非晶合金,采用同步差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和万能试验机对非晶合金显微结构进行表征和力学性能测试,并利用XRD和SEM对试样的相组成和的剪切带观察。研究发现：随着吸铸功率增加,热稳定性、玻璃形成能力不断提高;Zr70Cu13.5Ni8.5Al8非晶合金的锯齿流变现象越明显,综合力学性能越好,其中吸铸功率8 kW时,试样的屈服强度、抗压强度和塑性达到最值,室温综合力学性能最好,且剪切带分布情况最好,但是继续提高吸铸功率,力学性能反而变差。     

The nucleation,growth morphology,and thermal stability of Sn−Zn and Al−Al3Ni eutectic alloys

The influence of orientation relationships on the morphologies of Sn?Zn and Al?Al₃Ni eutectic alloys solidified under nonlinear growth conditions was investigated. It was established that the preferred relationship which exists in the Sn?Zn system exerts a strong stabilizing effect on the ribbon-like morphology. The various orientation relationships which existed between the phases in the Al?Al₃Ni alloy grains did not affect their nonlinear growth behavior. The faceted nature of the Al₃Ni phase was studied via electron microscopy. The anisometric growth form is attributed to the anisotropic growth characteristics of this phase while its annealed micromorphology probably reflects the anisotropic nature of its interfacial energy. Elevated temperature coarsening of specimens of Sn?Zn eutectic having different interparticle spacings yielded ribbon-like morphologies in each case. The thermal stability of the Al?Al₃Ni eutectic morphology was shown to be unrelated to the interphase interface crystallography.