VAc／MMA半连续乳液共聚合的研究：Ⅱ分子量及其分布

以过硫酸铵为引发剂，十二烷基硫酸钠为乳化剂，于７０℃下进行了ＶＡｃ／ＭＭＡ乳液共聚合试验。试验确定了不同组成ＶＡｃ／ＭＭＡ共聚物的Ｍａｒｋ－Ｈｏｕｗｉｎｋ方程参数Ｋ和α值。对ＧＰＣ测试数据处理给出了加料速率，乳化剂量，单体比例及种子与非种子法对分子是及其分布的影响。     

高分子分子量、分子量分布与熔体指数（MI）关系的研究（Ⅰ）──熔体指数（MI）与分子量、分子量分布关系的理论模型及关联式

本文考察了有关零剪切速率下高聚物熔体粘度与分子量、分子量分布及星形支化结构之间关系，用应力张量，高分子链间缠结数目及分子量变化率之间的自相似变化模型理论，推导了一个普适方程，用来关联熔体指数（ＭＩ）与分子量（Ｍｗ），分子量分布（）及Ｍａｒｋ－Ｈｏｕｗｉｎｋ常数之间关系，为进一步研究和验证提供了理论依据。     

燃气轮机控制系统改造总结

叙述中原化肥厂燃气轮机控制系统的改造特点，介绍新型Ｍａｒｋ Ｖ／ＴＭＲ控制系统的特点及ＭａｒｋⅡ与ＭａｒｋⅤ的对比。     

燃气透平02MT01控制系统改造及应用

介绍ＭａｒｋⅡ、ＭａｒｋⅤ控制回路对比分析，阐述了ＭａｒｋⅤ控制系统的应用功能。     

抗氧剂 Mark AO—80的结构与性能特点

８０年代末期日本推出了世界上最优秀的受阻酚抗氧剂ＭａｒｋＡＯ—８０，该产品在抑制氮氧化物着色、与硫代酯协同作用两方面表现出卓越功效。本文将对该抗氧剂的结构和性能特点作具体介绍。     

钼系1,2—聚丁二烯的粘度常数K,α订定

采用逐步沉淀分级法对钼系１，２－聚丁二烯（１，２－ＰＢ）试样进行了分级，用小角激光光散射法和粘度法分别测定了各级分的Ｍｗ和［η］，以四氢呋喃和甲苯为溶剂订定了１，２－ＰＢ在Ｍａｒｋ－Ｈｏｗｗｉｎｋ方程中的粘度常数Ｋ，α值及第二位力系数Ａ２。用本实验所得Ｋ，α值计算出的各级分的Ｍｗ与实测值大致相等。     

MDF水泥抗弯强度与大孔尺寸和孔隙率的关系

采用压汞仪、氦比重仪和ＳＴＥＭ等仪器研究了ＭＤＦ水泥抗弯强度与大孔尺寸和孔隙率的关系。实验结果表明，抗弯强度与孔隙率有良好的相关性，孔隙率降低，抗弯强度明显增高。抗弯强度与大孔尺寸没有明显的相关性，Ｋｅｎｄａｌｌ修正的Ｇｒｉｌｆｉｔｈ方程不适用于ＭＤＦ水泥。     

MDF水泥的微观结构和断口分析

应用ＳＥＭ／ＥＤＡＸ、ＳＴＥＭ等仪器比较详细地研究了ＭＤＦ水泥及其断口的微观结构。实验结果表明，ＭＤＦ水泥是由聚合物粘结水泥颗粒构成的新型材料。水泥－聚合物界面粘结良好，界面基本上没有孔隙。聚合物具有较高的孔隙卒，多孔的聚合物是材料的薄弱环节和断裂通道。聚合物的孔隙率和聚合物掺量是影响ＭＤＦ水泥抗弯强度的重要因素。在断裂过程中ＭＤＦ水泥中聚合物具有较高的断裂韧性和断裂伸长。同时探讨了高强ＭＤＦ水泥的结构特征和断裂机理。     

叔丁醇-水-氯化锂体系汽液平衡的测定

在１０１．３ｋＰａ下测定了叔丁醇－水－氯化锂体系在恒盐摩尔分率和饱和盐浓度下的汽液平衡数据。当盐摩尔分率为０．０５８８时，叔丁醇－水体系的共沸点消失。测定了几种盐在叔丁醇中的溶解度。用Ｆｕｒｔｅｒ方程、Ｍｏｔｏｙｏｓｈｉ方程和修正的Ｆｕｒｔｅｒ方程对实验数据进行了关联，其中修正的Ｆｕｒｔｅｒ方程关联结果较好，汽相组成平均偏差为０．００９３。     

振动作用下异向双螺杆螺槽内熔体行为

采用Tanner方法修正的非线性MaxweⅡ本构方程，对振动力场作用下的聚合物熔体在平行异向双螺杆挤出机螺槽内的行为与响应进行了近似解析研究。分析了不同幂律指数的聚合物熔体在螺槽内的速度分布及其对振动力场的响应。随着幂律指数减小，C型室中上部混合变差，但振动力场使速度场随时间周期性变化，促进了流体界面再取向，进而提高混合效果。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。