工业产品的色彩设计特征的探讨

工业设计是工业现代化和市场竞争的必然产物,其设计对象是以工业化方法批量生产的产品,工业设计对现代人类生活有着巨大的影响,同时又受制于生产与生活的现实水平。在工业设计中,色彩是重要的表现手段,是工业产品的一个不可缺少的设计要素,一切造型都要通过色彩来表现。     

传统文化元素在工业产品设计中的创新应用

目的探究传统文化元素在工业产品设计中的创新应用策略。方法在阐述我国工业产品设计现实问题的同时,探讨传统文化元素应用在工业产品设计中的重要意义,再结合实例从灯具设计、首饰设计、丝织品设计、玻璃制品设计4个方面论述具体应用方式。结论在工业产品设计过程中,将传统文化元素与设计产品相结合,既能够起到宣扬传统文化的作用,又能够为设计产品增添美感,满足现代社会人们对于美的基本意识形态的要求。     

论当今工业产品中的装饰性元素

现如今随着工业产品变得多元化,影响工业设计的因素也在增加,因此一个成功的工业产品设计的产生比以前要复杂得多。本文从以下几个方面概要论述了工业产品中装饰性元素的作用已经对工业产品设计的影响:1.工业产品生产的目的性;2.工业产品的外观与体积;3.工业产品的材质;4.群众的消费需求与审美趋势。     

工业设计教育艺术培养初探

设计是伴随人类文明而来的词汇，在人类古老而辉煌的文明发展过程中，设计的发展体现在各国人民审美意识过程中，如有了工业产品就有了工业设计，从一个反映“天圆地方”设计理念的古铜币的简单装饰到现在形形色色各种产品的设计和蕴涵在内的多样的设计理念都能说明工业设计的客观存在。     

软性材料在产品设计中的应用

目的分析软性材料在工业产品设计中产生的原因,研究其在产品设计中的应用,包括传统民族产品的应用与现代产品设计的创意表现。方法结合软性材料在产品中的应用历史与发展环境进行深入分析,得出软材料在民族传统产品与现代工业产品生产中产生的原因,并结合目前的产品设计来说明软性材料在产品设计中的实际应用与创意表达。结论软性材料逐渐进入现代工业产品设计的范围,并发挥着不可替代的作用。     

以人为本浅谈电子信息类产品的造型设计

现在是工业经济与知识经济并存的时代,以信息及生物技术为代表的新兴产业,正成为发达国家中经济发展的主体。工业设计是工业化社会的产物,它的设计原理是适应工业经济发展而逐步确立的,面对以计算机技术为代表的信息产业产品以及运用计算机技术的工业产品,工业设计应当怎样适应这种变化、特别是我国的工业设计行业还未得到充分发展、就面临新的挑战,这是必须研究的课题。     

数字媒体时代工业产品设计中的“中庸”设计探讨

根据孔子、孟子、荀子为代表的儒家思想对中华民族文化、审美观、价值观的影响。分析了工业产品设计师对儒家"中庸"思想的继承与发扬,论述了中国工业设计师注重产品设计的文化内涵和民族特点的必然性。在此基础上,提出了数字媒体时代儒家"中庸"思想对工业产品外型设计的影响,论述了设计各要素的组合关系、儒家的环境保护理念与绿色设计的契合以及进行本土设计的策略。     

最耀眼的年度包装

一年一度的I．D．年度最佳设计奖又在今年7月揭晓，上榜的优秀设计门类中的包装设计所涉及的行业门类显得更加广泛。除了传统的香水、食品和电子产品的包装外，还涵盖了许多工业产品，比如，水泥和工业润滑剂等等。包装语言的传达效果和视觉关注度效果成为了这次评选的主要标准。[编者按]     

工业产品的设计契机捕捉

从工业产品创意设计的各个方面,分析和阐述存在于工业产品设计活动中的“设计契机“,通过分析指出设计师要善于在工作中捕捉这些“设计契机“,才能完成优秀的设计,只有通过平时对现有产品的体验和保持积极的思维,才能提高捕捉工业产品设计契机的能力,从而提升工业产品的设计质量。     

工业产品包装设计发展趋势探讨

包装是综合反映被包装产品的品牌理念、产品特性、消费心理等要素,它会直接影响到产品消费者的购买欲。包装设计就是选用恰当的包装材料,通过独特的工艺手段,为被包装商品进行容器的造型、结构的优化以及包装的外观美化设计。工业产品要想在市场畅销,除了自身的质量外,对产品的包装设计也是至关重要的。本文就工业产品包装设计的发展趋势进行一些探讨,提出了作者本人的见解。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。