甜酒酿酸乳饮料配方筛选及加工工艺

通过正交试验，筛选了甜酒酿酸乳饮料的最佳配方并对加工工艺进行了介绍。橙汁甜酒酿酸乳饮料的最佳配方：CMC—Na为0．375％．PGA为0．125％；牛乳为55％，白砂糖为6．15％，水为15．28％，橙汁7．69％和甜酒酿15．28％（均为质量分数，下同）。方法：首先生产纯酸乳，然后加入稳定剂、橙汁和甜酒酿进行均质（10MPa）生产甜酒酿酸乳饮料。     

嗜酸乳杆菌发酵嫩黑玉米乳饮料生产工艺的研究

本文以嫩黑玉米和鲜牛奶为主原料，经嗜酸乳杆菌及其它乳酸菌混合发酵后、调配成乳酸发酵饮料，通过各项实验确定出嫩黑玉米液化液的DE值为18％；糖化液与原料乳配比为2．5：1；混合液最佳发酵条件为菌种配比1：1、接种量6％、发酵温度43℃；饮料生产中采用羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC—Na）、黄原胶（XG）和藻酸丙二醇酯（PGA）等组成复合稳定剂，加入量分别为0．3％，0．1％，0．1％；饮料最佳配方为加水百分率为45％、加糖量9％、pH值（柠檬酸调酸）为3．9。     

麦苗汁营养酸奶的研制

通过单因素和正交试验对麦苗汁营养酸奶的配方和最佳发酵工艺条件进行优化,并对产品质量作出评价。研究表明,麦苗汁酸奶的最佳配方（在原料乳的基础上）：麦苗汁添加量为5％,蔗糖添加量为8％（均为质量分数）,同时加入质量分数为0、2％的PGA和0．1％CMC—Na：最佳发酵工艺条件为温度42℃,发酵时间4h。在此工艺条件下制备的麦苗汁营养酸奶具有感官品质佳、稳定性好和营养丰富等特点。     

藻酸丙二醇酯在搅拌型橙汁酸奶中的应用

通过对搅拌型橙汁酸奶感官质量和稳定性的研究,确定了其最佳工艺要点和适用的藻酸丙二醇酯（以下简称PGA）复配稳定剂配方。结果表明,原料乳灭菌后,迅速冷却至40℃接种,搅拌均匀后于40℃发酵6h后冷却,与混合物料在30℃时,10MPa压力下均质5min为最佳生产工艺;（MY—T）PGA2‰＋单甘酯1‰＋NaH2PO4 0．5‰的复配稳定剂在搅拌型橙汁酸奶中的稳定效果优于PGA单体稳定剂。     

凝固型降胆固醇全蛋发酵饮料加工工艺研究

目的：以鲜鸡蛋为主要原料，通过乳酸菌发酵作用加工凝固型降胆固醇发酵全蛋饮料；方法：对嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、两岐双岐杆菌及其复合菌种的降胆固醇能力进行测定，选择嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌作为复合发酵菌种，对发酵基质配方和发酵条件进行优化；结果：确定全蛋液用量32％、葡萄糖用量1．25％、CMC—Na用量0．3％、卡拉胶用量0．2％、培养时间24h为优选条件，在优选条件下胆固醇降解率可达36．03％，且感官质量较好。     

莼菜饮料的研制

以莼菜为主要原料，研究了莼菜饮料的加工工艺及其最佳配方。最佳工艺条件为：莼菜99-120℃烫漂杀青1．5min后捣碎打浆，用0．03％Vc护色后，116u／100m木瓜蛋白酶作用莼菜浆液4．0h，以9倍水进行沸水浴热提取1．0h，调配装罐后进行90℃，10．0min杀菌处理。采用正交试验设计得出莼菜饮料的最佳配方：10％蔗糖、0．15％柠檬酸、4％银杏叶汁液和稳定剂(明胶0．15％ CMC—Na0．15％)，以莼菜汁液定容至250。     

发酵型酸乳饮料稳定性的研究

发酵型酸乳饮料是一种深受消费者喜爱的一种保健饮料，但稳定性较差。本文研究了不同的稳定剂对酸乳饮料稳定性的影响。结果表明：当发酵乳含量为50％时，耐酸CMC和果胶可以使体系稳定：耐酸CMC与瓜儿豆胶复配时，异味较重；CMC与黄原胶、果胶复配会产生微黄色；耐酸CMC0．3％和阿拉伯可尔0．1％时酸乳饮料口感细腻，稳定性也很好，是酸乳饮料的一个很好的稳定剂配方。     

发酵树莓乳饮料生产工艺的研究

以树莓、牛奶为主要原料，制成发酵乳饮料，通过试验对饮料配方及稳定剂进行了研究，结果表明：最佳配方为树莓汁10％、发酵乳35％、糖8％、pH3．8；复合稳定剂的组成为果胶0．20％、CMC0．15％、PGA0．15％。     

芦荟大豆酸奶的研制

以库拉索芦荟和大豆为原料，用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌为发酵剂进行乳酸发酵，根据正交试验法得出最佳工艺参数，结果表明豆乳固形物浓度6％、脱脂奶粉6％、芦荟汁13％、蔗糖8％、发酵剂4％、稳定剂PGA0．06％、CMC—Na0．15％、海藻酸钠0．20％时混合使用，在42℃条件下发酵4～5h，可制得颜色均一、组织细腻、酸甜爽口、香味协调的芦荟大豆酸奶。     

搅拌型海红酸奶的研制

以海红汁和鲜乳为主要原料,发酵生产搅拌型海红营养保健酸乳.对生产工艺中影响酸奶品质的因素进行研究,结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:采用85℃～95℃对鲜牛乳进行杀菌15 min,添加蔗糖8 g/100 g,添加配比量为1:1,0.3 g/100 g的CMC和PGA混合物作为稳定剂,接种量为1:1的保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌3 g/100 g,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间为3.5 h,添加海红汁7 g/100g,生产出的搅拌型海红酸乳的质量指标都符合国家标准.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.