湖北省水稻籽粒矿质元素含量分布研究

目的:水稻籽粒矿质元素含量研究对人体健康具有重要意义。方法:采集湖北省水稻籽粒样品150份,利用低温消解进行前处理,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定水稻籽粒样品中硼、钡、钙、铜、铁、钾、镁、锰、磷、硫、锶、锌、钠等13种矿质元素含量,分析湖北水稻籽粒矿质元素含量水平和相关性,探讨不同主产县、不同成熟期、不同品种的水稻籽粒矿质元素含量分布规律。结果:湖北不同水稻籽粒矿质元素含量差异显著,从高到低排列顺序为磷钾硫、镁钙锌、锰钠铁铜钡硼、锶;各矿质元素间存在一定的相关性和依存关系,其中磷和镁元素含量相关系数最高;不同主产县水稻籽粒矿物质元素含量存在差异,其中麻城水稻籽粒元素除硼最低外,其他元素含量整体较高;不同成熟期水稻籽粒矿质元素含量存在差异,早稻矿质元素中除锌和钠外其余元素平均含量均为最高;不同品种的水稻籽粒矿质元素含量差异明显,两优129、中9优288、黄花占、特籼占25、广两优香66、两优6326、两优1128等品种各自呈现相应元素的高含量富集。结论:湖北水稻籽粒矿物质元素含量存在差异性和规律性,这为湖北水稻矿质元素的营养改良提供了重要的理论依据。     

呼和浩特市113例母乳中矿物质含量的分析

对2014年~2015年收集呼和浩特市产后6个月内产妇的母乳样品共113份,测定钙、镁、钾、钠、铁、锌和硒元素含量。结果表明:泌乳期内,母乳中的钙、钾、铁、锌和硒元素无明显变化,组间差异不显著(P0.05);镁元素随着泌乳期的延长而降低,组间差异显著(P0.05);钠元素随泌乳期的延长呈上升趋势,组间差异显著(P0.05)。呼和浩特市婴儿的钙、镁、钾、钠、铁、锌和硒元素摄入量均低于中国居民膳食营养素适宜摄入量。泌乳期与镁元素呈显著负相关(P0.05),与钠元素呈显著正相关(P0.05);产妇学历与母乳中的铁元素含量呈显著正相关(P0.05),与其他矿物质元素均无相关性(P0.05);顺产产妇母乳中的钙、镁、铁和锌元素含量都明显高于剖宫产产妇(P0.05);产妇年龄与母乳中的矿物质元素均无相关性(P0.05)。     

5种禽肉中矿物质含量测定及营养评价

为了分析禽肉中的矿物质含量及营养价值,于深圳市大型农贸市场采集老母鸡、走地鸡、乌骨鸡、鹌鹑以及鹧鸪5种禽肉,对其中的钙、钾、钠、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰、碘、硒、钼11个矿物质元素进行测定分析,并采用营养质量指数法对禽肉中矿物质含量进行营养评价,同时比较禽肉与猪肉、牛肉、羊肉的矿物质营养水平。结果表明,鹌鹑和鹧鸪的矿物质营养价值大于老母鸡、走地鸡和乌骨鸡,除了鹌鹑中的钙和锰元素和鹧鸪中的钠和锰元素外,鹌鹑和鹧鸪中其他元素INQ值均大于1,以鹧鸪中钙的营养价值最为突出,INQ值高达5.69,是其他4种禽类的10倍~50倍。此外,相比于猪肉、牛肉和羊肉的矿物质营养价值,5种禽肉中各元素的INQ值整体水平较高,尤其是相较于猪肉,禽肉有更好的矿物质营养水平。因此,禽肉具有较高的矿物质营养价值,是居民良好的肉类食材选择,其中以鹧鸪和鹌鹑最为突出。     

京西稻糙米及精米中9种微量矿物质元素含量对比分析

目的 比较京西稻糙米和精米中9种微量矿物质元素的含量差异。方法 20份京西稻稻谷样品脱壳而成的糙米和进一步加工得到的精米经微波消解法前处理后, 由电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定样品中钙、铜、铁、钾、镁、锰、钠、磷、锌9种微量矿物质元素的含量, 并对数据进行分析。结果 分析20份样品各元素的平均含量, 糙米中的镁、磷、钾、锰、钙、钠、铁、锌、铜元素含量分别的是精米的174.5%、147.1%、143.0%、138.2%、115.7%、113.2%、106.7%、96.6%、95.8%。结论 京西稻糙米中镁、磷、钾、锰的含量远高于精米, 糙米中钙、钠、铁的含量略高于精米, 而糙米中锌和铜的含量略低于精米。     

蔬菜中矿物质含量测定、营养评价及风险评估

为分析蔬菜中矿物质含量、营养价值及风险指数,于深圳市大型农贸市场采集20种(10种深色、10种浅色)蔬菜,对其中的钙、钾、钠、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰、硒、碘、钼共11种矿物质元素进行测定分析,采用营养质量指数法(index of nutrition quality,INQ)对蔬菜中矿物质含量进行营养评价,同时采用营养素安全摄入上限法(upper levels,UL)对蔬菜中矿物质含量进行风险评估。结果表明,所有蔬菜中的钾、镁INQ值均大于1,深色蔬菜的矿物质营养价值大于浅色蔬菜,其中以红苋菜营养价值最为突出,而茼蒿营养价值最为全面。来自蔬菜的矿物质元素摄入风险均很低,风险指数%UL远小于100%,表明各年龄段人群从蔬菜中摄入矿物质元素的量是安全的。因此,蔬菜可作为人体获取矿物质元素的丰富的、安全的来源。     

云南省马铃薯品种（系）矿物质元素含量研究

目的：研究品种和年际变化对马铃薯矿物质元素含量的影响,并对45个品种进行聚类分析。方法：以云南省45个马铃薯品种为试验材料进行2年试验,测定矿物质元素含量,并采用最长距离法进行聚类分析。结果：45个马铃薯品种的锌含量、镁含量受品种和年际变化的影响显著,钙含量和钾含量受品种和年际变化的影响不显著,磷含量受年际变化的影响显著,品种对其影响不显著。用最长距离法将45个品种聚为两类。结论：马铃薯的矿物质元素含量同时受到品种和年际变化的影响,云南地区的马铃薯富含锌、镁、钾元素,钙元素含量低,磷元素含量相对较低。     

烤烟营养状况与香吃味关系的研究及施肥建议

本文利用植物化学分析、评吸和数学统计分析对利川烤烟营养状况进行了评价。结果表明：在利川目前生产条件下，烟叶总氮含量偏低，磷含量过高，利川烤烟大部分烟样不缺镁，２１％的烟样铜含量低于１０×１０－６，部分烟样硼不足。烟叶还原糖含量较适宜，但烟碱含量太低，导致氮碱比和糖碱比严重失调，其主要原因与氮和铜含量过低，磷和铁含量过高有关。评吸总分与烟碱含量呈极显著正相关，与氮和钾呈正相关，与磷含量呈负相关。评吸总分还与铜、镁、硫和锰含量呈正相关，与铁、硼和锌呈负相关，其中与铁含量呈极显著负相关。通径分析结果表明：营养元素对香吃味影响的相对大小分别为磷＞铁＞氮＞硼＞钙＞锌＞钾＞铜＞镁＞锰＞硫，其中氮、钙、锌、钾、铜和锰对香吃味的影响为正效应，磷、铁、硼、镁和硫为负效应。建议利川适当增施氮和铜，减少磷的施用，稍许增加或保持钾的用量不变，采取措施（例如适量施用石灰等）降低烤烟对铁的吸收。     

辽宁开原烤烟营养状况与香吃味的关系

土壤测定与半叶法对开原烤烟的化验分析和评吸分析研究表明，开原烟区土壤微量元素锰、铜和锌的含量均较高，烤烟烟叶营养元素含量基本上都处于正常范围，但氮和钾含量略低于全国平均值，个别样点可能缺硼。烟碱明显过高，还原糖含量较适当。氮低碱高导致氮／碱比失调较严重。烟叶评吸总分与烟碱含量间呈非常极显著的负相关，与还原糖间呈极显著正相关。氮、钙、硼、锌、钼与烤烟香吃味呈极显著负相关，镁、硫、铁、锰与评吸总分呈不显著的负相关，仅钾、磷、铜与评吸总分呈正相关，且仅钾达到了显著水平。在１９９６年的生产条件下，开原烟区土壤营养元素对香吃味影响的相对大小分别为：氮＞硼＞锰＞钾＞铜＞锌＞磷＞硫＞镁＞铁＞钙，其中，钾、磷、镁和铁对香吃味的影响为正效应，其余营养元素为负效应。建议在以后的生产中，开原烟区土壤应适当提高烟草肥中硝态氮的比例，适当增加钾和磷的施用，没有必要施用微量元素。     

新疆骏枣中15种成分的营养质量分析

为明确新疆骏枣15种成分的营养质量,本文以新疆9个主产区产出的骏枣为研究对象,对样品中15种成分含量进行分析,并通过INQ值(营养质量指数)研究评价了各成分的营养质量。结果表明,铁、锌、钙、镁、VB_1、蛋白、脂肪、纤维、锰INQ值整体小于1;碳水化合物的INQ值在1～2之间;阿瓦提县、策勒县骏枣铜以及温宿县骏枣磷INQ值大于1,阿瓦提县、麦盖提县骏枣硒INQ值大于2,策勒县、泽普县骏枣硒大于1,其他产区骏枣铜、磷、硒INQ值小于1;VB_2、钾INQ值多接近或高于2。由此可以得出,铁、锌、钙、镁、VB_1、蛋白、脂肪、纤维、锰是新疆骏枣新产品研发过程中,需重点增强的营养素;铜、磷、硒增强与否,需根据产地确定;新疆骏枣是VB_2和钾的良好来源。     

不同品种鸡蛋矿物元素含量的比较研究

为了研究不同鸡种所产鸡蛋的矿物元素含量,以300日龄的罗曼褐、京红、海兰褐、新扬褐、海赛克斯褐、伊莎褐6个品种的商品代以及苏禽青壳、文昌鸡,总共8个品种为研究对象,各品种鸡蛋随机抽取30个蛋,进行矿物元素含量测定和比较分析。结果表明:8个品种鸡蛋矿物元素中钙含量最高,磷、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰次之,硒含量最低。矿物元素中钙、镁、铁、锌、铜含量在8个鸡种鸡蛋间无显著差异(P0.05),而磷、锰、硒含量在鸡种鸡蛋间存在显著和极显著差异(P0.05,P0.01)。     

Effect of maturity stages on the content of ash components in raw,frozen and canned broad beans

The aim of the present work was to determine the level of ash, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper in fresh and preserved broad bean seeds at the stage of milk-wax maturity. The experiments included two broad bean cultivars, four stages of seed maturity being differentiated in each. With the higher maturity stages, the contents of ash, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium gradually increased in fresh matter of the two cultivars. The contents of zinc and copper showed a slight decreasing tendency, while the levels of iron and manganese varied. Frozen and canned broad bean seeds of milk-wax maturity, prepared for consumption, were a valuable source of mineral compounds. The more mature the seeds, the greater were the contents of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and manganese, and smaller less so for copper, while the levels of iron and zinc varied. Boiled frozen seeds contained more potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and copper than canned products, no differences being found in the contents of calcium and iron. The dehulled seeds contained more phosphorus but less calcium than the intact ones.     

Contents of macro and microelements in fresh and frozen dill (Anethum graveolens L.)

The level of ash and its alkalinity and the contents of potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead, were determined in green dill (leaves and whole plants, about 20 cm in height, harvest time). The two usable parts were frozen using variable pretreatments (blanching or no blanching) and different storage temperatures (−20 and −30 °C). Analyses were conducted after 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of refrigerated storage. Fresh leaves contained more ash, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, zinc, cadmium and lead but less sodium and copper than whole plants, while the contents of potassium and calcium were similar. Blanching significantly reduced the level of ash and its alkalinity and of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead, both in the usable parts of the plant, and of sodium in whole plants and of iron in leaves. During the storage period, changes in the contents of the analysed constituents did not depend on the usable part or storage temperature, being statistically significant only for the contents of iron and copper in the two usable parts of frozen non-blanched dill.     

Changes in Chemical Composition of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) during Seed Development

Three cultivars of winged bean were analyzed for total dry matter, crude fat, nitrogenous constituents, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper and cooking behavior at different stages of seed maturity. Accumulation of dry matter, crude fat and nitrogen occurred during seed development whereas nonprotein nitrogen and tryptophan contents decreased significantly. Reduction in poly-phenol content was observed at all the stages of seed development. There was a significant decrease in total phosphorus content with concomitant increase in the proportion of phytate phosphorus throughout the seed development. In matured seeds, phytate phosphorus accounted for 66—73% of total phosphorus. A reduction in zinc content was noticed in all the cultivars studied. In contrast, calcium, magnesium, iron and copper contents of seeds of different stages of maturity did not exhibit marked differences.     

基于因子分析的无花果引进品种果实品质性状综合评价

建立5 个无花果品种的果实品质综合评价体系,为筛选优良品种提供依据。以山东引进的‘布兰瑞克’、 ‘丰产黄’、‘日本紫果’、‘美丽亚’和‘波姬红’5 个无花果品种为试材,测定其4 项外观指标和10 项内在营 养品质指标,对14 项指标进行相关性分析和因子分析,建立基于因子分析的综合品质评价模型,并根据综合品质 得分进行优良度排序。结果表明：5 个无花果品种14 项果实品质性状变异程度不同,其中VC含量间的差异最大, 单果质量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比、固酸比和镁含量间的差异均中等,其余指标间的差异均相对较小,且品质指 标间均存在不同的相关性。经因子分析提取出3 个特征根大于1的公因子,累计方差贡献率为93.486%,其中第1公 因子的贡献率为47.242%,包含单果质量、果实纵径、可滴定酸含量、可溶性糖含量与可滴定酸含量比、可溶性固 形物含量与可滴定酸含量比、铁、镁和钙含量8 个指标;第2公因子的贡献率为27.150%,包含果实横径、果形指数 和VC含量3 个指标;第3公因子的贡献率为19.094%,包含可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量和钾3 个指标。经综合 品质评价模型得出,5 个无花果品种果实综合品质得分的优良度排序依次为‘布兰瑞克’、‘美丽亚’、‘日本紫 果’、‘波姬红’和‘丰产黄’。     

Protein and mineral contents of green leafy vegetables consumed by sokoto population

Six green leafy vegetables used extensively in food preparations in northern Nigeria were analysed. Crude protein and ash contents varied from 13.1 to 29.2% and 7.0 to 18.6% respectively. ‘Lalo’ (Corchorus Sp.) had the highest content of sodium (0.31%), iron (0.31%) phosphorus (0.48%) and magnesium (0.47%). There was a significant positive correlation between phosphorus and sodium (r=0.97**), phosphorus and iron (0.81*) and calcium (0.81*) contents.     

Partial Least Squares Analysis of the Relationship Between Chemical Composition and Phenolic Compounds in Blueberry Cultivars

Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), one of the most widely consumed fruits worldwide, are rich in nutrients and exhibit antioxidant activity. In this study, the partial least squares and principal component analyses were used and the chemical composition and mineral and phenolic compound contents of blueberry cultivars suited to northern China were determined. Blueberries growing in northern China contain a rich variety of biologically active compounds at high concentrations and have high nutritive mineral values. In general, the chemical composition data of the blueberry cultivars examined were similar to those obtained by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). However, the mineral content data showed iron and potassium concentrations that were slightly higher than those found by the USDA. In addition, the iron concentrations were lower than those found in the literature for Brazilian cultivars. The zinc, magnesium, and vitamin C in blueberries may promote the growth and accumulation of total phenols and anthocyanins, while total acid, iron, and potassium have opposite effects. Total phenols correlated positively with anthocyanins. Differences in protein, total carbohydrate, potassium, and sodium between cultivars could affect total phenol and anthocyanin contents. Adjusting the total acid concentration and reducing the sugar and mineral contents may affect anthocyanin content in blueberries. These changes may improve the nutritional value and fruit quality of blueberries.     

东海细点圆趾蟹含肉率及肌肉营养价值的分析

对细点圆趾蟹的含肉率,以及利用常规肌肉营养测试方法对东海细点圆趾蟹的肌肉营养成分进行测定,结果表明:细点圆趾蟹的含肉率为23.67%,蟹肌肉粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分、灰分的含量分别为17.94%,1.37%,73.25%,4.7%。分析了肌肉蛋白质中17种常见氨基酸含量(色氨酸未测),其氨基酸总量为16.43%,其中必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的38%,鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的36%,其构成比例符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)标准,并且含有丰富的钾、钙、镁、铁等矿质元素。综合数据表明,细点圆趾蟹具有较高的营养价值,适合进一步开发利用。     

硼对不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜嫁接植株下部叶片矿质养分含量的影响

土壤培养条件下,研究缺硼对不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜品种及其相互嫁接植株下部叶片硼及其它矿质养分含量的影响。结果表明,缺硼条件下,硼高效油菜品种青油10号（QY10）下部叶片硼含量最高,低效品种Bakow（Ba）最低,嫁接植株介于高效品种与低效品种之间。推断甘蓝型油菜下部叶片硼含量受根系（砧木品种）和地上部（接穗品种）共同影响。硼对油菜下部叶片其它矿质元素影响的受控部位不完全相同,缺硼对氮、磷、钙和锌的影响主要取决于地上部,与根系关系相对较小,对钾的影响主要由根系决定,而对镁、锰、铁、铜的影响不明确,可能受地上部和根系共同控制。     

明月草营养成分的分析及评价

对明月草的氨基酸、矿质元素及其他营养成分进行了分析测定,并进行了营养评价。结果表明,明月草中水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪、总糖、粗纤维、灰分、维生素C与总黄酮的含量为92.70%、1.99%、0.35%、0.21%、0.68%、1.40%、0.08 mg/g与4.79 mg/g;含有氨基酸15种,氨基酸总量(TAA)为20.01%。EAA/TAA为43.83%,EAA/NEAA为78.02%,各种人体必需氨基酸种类齐全,且比例均衡,比值系数分(SRC)为65.10。在各种人体必需氨基酸中,第一限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸;P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn矿质元素的含量为322、4210、1441、478、38、2.36、1.14、55.70 mg/kg,经分析明月草氨基酸、矿质元素及其他营养成分含量丰富,具有很好的开发与利用价值。