基于部位划分的三维人体曲面模型的构建

应用课题组开发的三维人体测量系统获取人体扫描线点云数据,由于人体表面比较复杂,如果直接对整个人体点云进行模型的重构,可能会使人体手臂与人体躯干、左腿与右腿连在一起,或者导致体头肩部与人体躯干、手臂以及躯干与两腿之间连接的部分出现较大误差,为此本文首先根据人体形状,将人体表面分割为六部分,并对每部分人体点云分别进行三角网格化处理,然后提出将单轮廓划分为多轮廓的方法,将人体头肩部与人体躯干、手臂以及躯干与两腿进行合成,最终生成整个人体的三角网格曲面模型。     

服装设计中的人体数据分析

作者对人体进行了大量的抽样测量,并应用多元统计分析原理(如相关分析、聚类分析、主成份分析和典型值分析等),得出了人体数据的分布规律,人体数据的特征值,人体数据的分类谱系图,人体数学模型,人体体型的综合指标,典型人体数据代表值等对服装设计很有实际意义的数值。     

基于红外的三维人体自动测量系统

提出基于CCD与红外传感技术相结合的三维人体尺寸自动测量系统,能快速、准确、大批量地进行人体裸尺寸的测量。对系统总体结构红外扫描原理、软硬件设计、人体图像边缘提取、人体体型和服装人体建模等方面进行较为详细的介绍。     

试析手绘时装画人体的基本任务

时装画的最终目的是通过优美的人体展示时装的韵味,其人体表现在于追求人体各部位比例的协调及动态造型上良好的气质表现。因此,对学习和研究手绘时装画的人来讲,掌握理想的时装画人体比例、人体部位形状、人体动态及手绘时装画人体的表现方法,是掌握手绘服装画人体最基本的任务。     

青年女性胸、腰、臀部围度曲线形状变化及分类方法研究

在计算机模拟人体三维模型中，真实地反映人体各围度的曲线变化是需要迫切解决的问题。利用激光三维人体扫描技术获取人体长度和围度数据，通过对人体胸、腰、臀部位的截面曲线进行对比，提出应按照胸、腰、臀型分类法来描述人体围度特征。通过各部位形状变化的特征点和特征尺寸的相关性分析，制定出各部位的分类指标。因此人体各部位按照体型组合的构建方法进行计算机模拟达到了更加贴合人体曲线的效果。     

微量元素碘与氟

人体中有一些数量极微的元素,它们只占人体血液的百万分之几或千万分之几.数量虽微,却是人体组织如激素、酶类、有效蛋白质的组成成分,对人体起着重要作用.人体中微量元素不足或过多,     

三维人体测量技术的研究进展及应用

文章阐述了三维人体测量技术的研究进展,并从数据库建立、标准人台开发、人体体型分类、虚拟试衣、量身定制化服务等方面总结了三维人体测量技术的应用,提出了目前三维人体测量技术存在的问题与建议,旨在为服装人体测量技术研究提供一定的参考。     

浅谈三维人体扫描技术在体型分析中的应用

全身人体扫描仪的普及加速了三维扫描技术在人体体型数据采集、人体体型分析、服装量身定制、三维服装设计及工效学研究等方面的应用。基于三维人体扫描技术在服装领域的广泛应用,从人体数据采集入手,以胸部形态与腰臀形态分析为例,阐述了三维扫描技术在人体体型分析中的应用,为从事相关研究的人员提供参考。     

运动文胸的人体功效学研究进展及趋势

运动文胸归属于功能性文胸,对运动文胸的人体功效学研究主要集中在人体测量、乳房运动学、文胸-人体生物力学以及运动文胸的热湿舒适性四个方面。通过对国内外运动文胸的人体功效学研究的文献综述,梳理运动文胸的人体功效性研究现状,总结并展望未来运动文胸人体功效学领域研究趋势。     

服装产业用人体测量基准点的比较研究

简略介绍服装产业应用的传统、二维、三维人体测量方式的基础上,探讨服装产业需要测量的具体人体尺寸,研究三种服装人体测量方式中测量人体特征点的位置、找寻方法等的异同,使国内的服装院校和企业能更好的选择、应用三种服装测量人体方法。     

牛初乳促生长与保健作用研究进展

天然牛初乳含有丰富的营养及生物活性成分,有很强的营养保健功能。口服牛初乳具有调节肠道菌群、改善胃肠道功能、促进生长发育、增强智力等功能。作为功能性食品重要原料,牛初乳具有广阔的开发利用前景。     

Short communication: Processed bovine colostrum milk protein concentrate increases epithelial barrier integrity of Caco-2 cell layers

Colostrum plays an important role in initiating the development of the intestinal barrier in newborn mammals. Given its bioactivity, there is much interest in the potential use of bovine colostrum to improve human gastrointestinal health throughout the life span. There is evidence that bovine colostrum is effective at improving small intestinal barrier integrity and some indication that it may alter colonic motility. However, for colostrum to be used as a product to improve intestinal health, it needs to be bioactive after processing. The aim of this study was to determine whether industrial processing of bovine colostrum affects its ability to improve small intestinal barrier integrity or alter distal colon motility. Three colostrum sample types were compared; raw whole colostrum powder (WCP), raw skim colostrum powder (SCP), and industrially produced colostrum milk protein concentrate (CMPC). To determine whether these colostrum powders had different effects on small intestinal barrier integrity, their effects on the transepithelial electrical resistance across an in vitro intestinal epithelial layer (Caco-2 cells) were measured, both with and without a challenge from the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. These results showed that CMPC enhanced transepithelial electrical resistance across unchallenged epithelial cell layers, whereas the raw colostrum samples, WCP and SCP, did not have an effect. The colostrum samples were also compared to determine how they affect contractility in the distal colon isolated from the rat. Skim colostrum powder was the only sample to act directly on colonic tissue to modulate motility, increasing the amplitude of contractions. The results show that bovine colostrum is able to improve small intestinal barrier integrity and alter colon motility, and they implicate different components. The barrier integrity enhancement was apparent only in the industrial CMPC, which may have been due to the increase in protein concentration or the release of small peptides as a result of processing. The ability to alter colon motility was present in SCP but absent in WCP, again implying that an increase in protein concentration is responsible for the effect. However, this effect was not apparent for the industrially processed CMPC, suggesting denaturation or degradation of the active component. The beneficial effect of colostrum on small intestinal barrier integrity was present after processing, confirming that it is feasible to industrially produce an active product for gut health.     

Colostrum from cows immunized with a veterinary vaccine against bovine rotavirus displays enhanced in vitro anti-human rotavirus activity

Human rotaviruses represent a major cause of severe diarrheal disease in infants and young children. The limited impact of oral vaccines on global estimates of rotavirus mortality and the suboptimal use of oral rehydration justify the need for alternative prophylactic and therapeutic strategies, especially for immunocompromised hosts. The protective effects of colostrum—the first milk produced during the initial 24 to 48 h after parturition—are well documented in the literature. In particular, the ingestion of hyperimmune bovine colostrum has been proposed as an alternative preventive approach against human rotavirus gastroenteritis. Although the immunization of pregnant cows with human rotavirus boosts the release of specific immunoglobulin G in bovine colostrum, it raises regulatory and safety issues. In this study, we demonstrated that the conventional bovine rotavirus vaccine is sufficient to enhance the anti-human rotavirus protective efficacy of bovine colostrum, thus providing a conservative approach to produce hyperimmune bovine colostrum, making it exploitable as a functional food.     

不同泌乳期人乳与牛乳中游离氨基酸的对比

利用同位素标记相对和绝对定量技术结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术对不同泌乳期人乳与牛乳中游离氨基酸的种类及含量进行检测及对比分析。结果表明,人乳中游离氨基酸种类较牛乳更为丰富,含量也高于牛乳,且随着泌乳时间的延长其总量呈下降趋势。牛初乳、牛常乳、人初乳和人常乳中游离氨基酸总量分别为0.32、0.16、0.63?g/L和0.37?g/L。实验测定的42?种游离氨基酸中,人常乳中检出35?种,牛常乳中测得31?种,其中人常乳中有25?种游离氨基酸的含量高于牛常乳,人乳中组氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸等含量显著高于牛乳（P＜0.05）,游离谷氨酸在人初乳、人常乳、牛常乳中含量均为最高,而牛初乳中游离牛磺酸含量最高。本研究分析了人乳、牛乳中游离氨基酸种类和含量的差异,可为详细的研究母乳氨基酸功能和氨基酸代谢组学提供了一定的理论依据,也可为生产婴幼儿奶粉和功能性乳制品提供参考。     

牛初乳冻干粉改善小鼠睡眠状况的实验研究

研究了牛初乳冻干粉对睡眠的影响。通过直接睡眠试验、延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间、戊巴比妥钠阈下催眠剂量试验和缩短巴比妥钠睡眠潜伏期试验，发现牛初乳冻干粉高剂量（1050mg/kg）分别对睡眠发生率和潜伏期均有显著的作用。结果表明，牛初乳冻干粉对睡眠状况具有一定的改善作用。     

Intestinal morphology,epithelial cell proliferation,and absorptive capacity in neonatal calves fed milk-born insulin-like growth factor-I or a colostrum extract

Concentrations of nonnutritional factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), in bovine colostrum are high and can modulate neonatal gastrointestinal tract development and function. In neonatal calves, we have investigated effects on intestinal epithelial cell morphology, proliferation, and absorption of feeding milk-born human IGF-I (hIGF-I) or a bovine colostrum extract. Calves were fed a milk-based formula containing amounts of nutrients comparable to colostrum for the first 3 d and a milk replacer from d 4 on. Formula and milk replacer contained only traces of nonnutritional factors. In experiment 1, supraphysiological amounts of hIGF-I (3.8 mg/L formula; secreted by transgenic rabbits with their milk) were added to the formula. Xylose appearance in blood (after feeding xylose on d 5) and intestinal traits (after euthanasia on d 8) did not differ between groups. In experiment 2, an extract of first-milked bovine colostrum that provided physiological amounts of IGF-I (0.50, 0.15, and 0.09 mg of IGF-I/L formula on d 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and 0.09 mg of IGF-I/L milk replacer on d 4) was added to formula or milk replacer. Plasma xylose concentration in the control group was transiently higher than in calves fed the colostrum extract. On d 5 (after euthanasia), villus circumferences and heights in small intestine, and epithelial cell proliferation rate in intestine were higher in calves fed the colostrum extract than in controls. In conclusion, orally administered hIGF-I from transgenic rabbits had no effect on the intestinal tract. However, feeding a bovine colostrum extract enhanced intestinal villus size, although it appeared to transiently decrease the absorptive capacity.     

中国北方人初乳、牛初乳、牛常乳、牛血中胰岛素样生长因子-1和神经生长因子含量的比较

目的检测人初乳、集中饲养的新西兰进口荷斯坦乳牛的初乳、常乳和血液中胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)和神经生长因子(NGF)的含量,比较人初乳和牛初乳、牛初乳和牛常乳以及牛乳和同期采集的血液中IGF-1、NGF的含量。方法采用放射免疫试剂盒测定人初乳、牛初乳、牛常乳和血中IGF-1、NGF的含量,使用SPSS 13.0进行统计分析。结果本研究中测定的人初乳中IGF-1的含量是26.91μg/L,荷斯坦乳牛的初乳、常乳和血清中IGF-1的含量分别是38.40、20.14和37.35μg/L。人初乳中NGF的含量是300.47 ng/L,荷斯坦乳牛的初乳、常乳和血清中NGF的含量分别是69.82、110.37和9.63 ng/L。经统计学分析发现牛初乳和人初乳中IGF-1的含量差异没有显著性,牛初乳中IGF-1的含量高于牛常乳(P<0.05),牛乳中IGF-1的含量与同期血液中IGF-1的含量差异没有显著性。人初乳中NGF的含量高于牛初乳(P<0.05),牛初乳和牛常乳中NGF的含量差异没有显著性,同期牛血中NGF的含量低于牛乳中NGF的含量(P<0.05)。结论本研究发现牛初乳与人初乳IGF-1含量无明显差别,...     

两代繁殖实验研究牛初乳粉对大鼠生殖发育的影响

为探讨围产期接受牛初乳粉对子代生殖发育的影响,设计了两代繁殖实验,分析亲代和子代雌雄鼠血清激素水平,生殖器官发育和生殖受孕变化。结果表明：食用含有牛初乳粉的饲料后,亲代和子代雌鼠生殖受孕指标及雄鼠精子密度和活率与空白组相比无显著差异（p〉0.05）。亲代和子代雄鼠血清激素水平与空白组相比无显著差异（p〉0.05）,但亲代雌鼠血清中催乳素和孕酮显著低于空白组（p〈0.05）,子一代血清中催乳素显著低于空白组（p〈0.05）。子二代雌鼠F2a生殖器间距与空白组相比显著降低（p〈0.05）,子二代F2b的阴道开口时间推迟（p〈0.05）,不能确定是偶然发生还是受生理影响所致,需要重复实验的验证。     

牛初乳与牛乳中乳清蛋白质组成及功能的对比分析

乳清富含多种功能特性和生物活性的蛋白质,本研究利用SDS-PAGE电泳将牛初乳与牛乳中乳清蛋白质的组成部分进行分离鉴定,发现牛初乳与牛乳中乳清蛋白质的组成存在较大的差异,且在牛初乳乳清中鉴定出290种蛋白,牛乳乳清中鉴定出325种蛋白。由GO功能注释分析发现,在生物过程中,牛初乳乳清蛋白在细胞定位建立和细胞定位中的作用略高于牛乳乳清蛋白。在分子功能上酶抑制活性作用是牛初乳乳清蛋白和牛乳中乳清蛋白的主要分子功能。在细胞组成上牛初乳乳清蛋白参与较多的是细胞外部分和细胞外空隙,与牛乳乳清蛋白相比参与的细胞组成大体相同。通过KEGG代谢通路分析可知,牛初乳和牛乳乳清蛋白均参与过补体及凝血级联反应通路。对牛初乳乳清蛋白组成进行研究,不仅能够增加牛初乳的利用率,并且为日后以乳清蛋白作为原料生产乳制品提供理论依据。     

Effect of feeding single-dam or pooled colostrum on maternally derived immunity in dairy calves

The role of colostrum management in providing adequate immunological protection to neonatal calves has been widely investigated, and thresholds for colostrum quality, as well as optimum volume and timing for colostrum feeding have been established. However, limited information is available on the effect of colostrum source (single dam or pooled) on passive immunity, as well as subsequent antibody survival in the calf. This study aimed to assess the effect of feeding single-dam colostrum (own and other dam) or pooled colostrum on transfer of passive immunity, and also investigate the rate of depletion of disease-specific antibodies among dairy calves. In total, 320 cows and 119 dairy heifer calves were enrolled in the study. Calves were blood-sampled immediately after birth and received either own-dam, other-dam, or pooled colostrum. Calves were blood-sampled at 24 h to assess serum IgG concentrations and at monthly intervals thereafter to document disease-specific antibody survival. Mean colostrum IgG concentration was higher for other-dam treatment group, whereas own-dam and pooled treatments were similar. For all treatment groups, the mean IgG concentration was >80 mg/mL, exceeding the quality threshold of 50 mg/mL. Mean calf serum IgG concentration was lower for calves fed pooled colostrum compared with those that received colostrum from a single cow. There was a negative association with 24-h serum IgG and calf birth bodyweight; calves <30 kg at birth had the highest 24-h serum IgG concentration. Survival of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea, Salmonella infection, leptospirosis, bovine parainfluenza 3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytical virus, rotavirus, and coronavirus was not associated with colostrum source; however, antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis had a greater period of survival among calves fed own-dam colostrum. We found that feeding single-dam colostrum can thus improve calf immunity through increased serum IgG levels and antibody survival rates. Furthermore, we hypothesize that immune exclusion may occur with pooled colostrum; therefore, providing pooled colostrum may still be a good practice as long as it can be ensured that enough antibodies are absorbed into the blood stream to deal with pathogens calves may encounter because different dams may have antibodies against different strains of viruses and bacteria, yielding cross protection.