氯甲酸胆固醇酯引发的MMA原子转移自由基聚合反应

首次报道以氯甲酸胆固醇酯(CC)为引发剂,氯化亚铜和自制MA5-DETA为催化刺进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)反应。研究发现,单体转化率与反应时间、产物分子量及分子量分布呈线性关系。在转化率不太高时所得聚合物的分子量分布较窄(1．5以下),反应具有活性聚合特征。虽然引发剂的引发效率较低,但是这不失为制备胆甾型液晶材料的一种新方法,且能说明酰基卤化物也可作为ATRP的引岩剂．     

三硫代碳酸酯引发的苯乙烯活性自由基光聚合

合成了一种可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)链转移试剂S,S′-二(α,α′-甲基α-″-乙酸)三硫代碳酸酯(TR IT),对以TR IT为链转移剂,苯乙烯(S t)等单体室温下的紫外光引发聚合进行了研究。得到了分布比较窄的PS t(M-w/M-n=1.10~1.14)。研究了S t光聚合过程,ln[M]0/[M]随聚合时间的延长呈线性增加,分子量随转化率也呈线性增长。用FT-IR、NM R等方法对所得聚合物的结构进行了研究,结果表明,聚合物分子链中含有三硫代碳酸酯基。以合成的含有三硫代碳酸酯基的PS t-S-C(=S)-S-PS t为大分子引发剂,在相同的光聚合条件下引发丙烯酸丁酯(BA),得到了分子量分布窄的PS t-PBA-PS t三嵌段共聚物。     

PMMA-b-PHEA嵌段共聚物的制备和表征

采用分步法合成了两嵌段共聚物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-聚丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯(PMMA-b-PHEA):首先采用AIBN作为引发剂,FeCl3/PPh3作为催化体系,通过MMA的反向原子转移自由基聚合(RA-TRP),得到含端基Cl的M-n为17128聚合物PMMA-Cl;然后以PMMA-Cl为大分子引发剂,FeCl2/PPh3为催化体系,引发丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯(HEA)的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),得到的产物PMMA-b-PHEA分子量分布达到1.32,凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(1HNMR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)对产物结构进行了表征,证实了嵌段共聚物PMMA-b-PHEA的生成。     

改性甲基铝氧烷活化的铁系催化剂聚合异戊二烯

研究了改性甲基铝氧烷(MMAO)为助催化刑的乙酰丙酮铁(Fe(acac)3)／二乙基亚磷酸酯(DEP)催化剂作用下的异戊二烯(IP)聚合．考察了MMAO和DEP的用量、铝化合物和溶剂的种类对聚合的影响。结果表明,该催化剂在甲苯溶液中,50℃,相对较低的MMAO用量下([A]／[Fe]=20)及[DEP]／[Fe]=2．0时有高的催化活性。所得聚合物具有较高的3,4(含1,2)结构含量(约为60％)及较窄的分子量分布(Mw／Mn=2．0～2．5)。     

乙醇胺-乙二醇复合体系引发对二氧环己酮开环聚合的研究

以乙醇胺-乙二醇复合体系催化对二氧环己酮(PDO)开环聚合生成聚对二氧环己酮(PPDO)。系统研究了反应时间、温度及单体与催化剂摩尔比(n(M)/n(C))对产物的结构及热力学性能方面的影响。利用红外光谱(IR)、核磁光谱(1 H NMR)、X射线广角衍射(WAXD)乌氏粘度法及差示扫描量热法(DSC)对聚合产物的结构、特性粘度以及热力学性能进行初步探讨。结果表明,在反应时间为24h、温度为120℃及n(M)/n(C)=500∶1条件下生成的聚合产物性能最佳。乙醇胺-乙二醇复合引发体系能够有效地催化PDO开环聚合生成PPDO产物。     

含氟席夫碱型环氧液晶聚合物的合成与表征

合成了席夫碱型含氟液晶单体(4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸)-2-甲氧基-4-三氟甲氧基苯胺亚甲基-苯酯(M)和环氧液晶单体(4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸)-4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)-苯酯(E),将它们接枝共聚到含氢聚硅氧烷上,得到系列含氟席夫碱型环氧液晶聚合物PI~PVI。采用红外光谱、核磁共振、差示扫描量热、热重分析、偏光显微镜和X射线衍射等手段对单体及聚合物的结构和液晶性能进行表征。结果表明,聚合物PI~PVI呈现向列相。从PI到PVI随着单体M含量的减少,聚合物玻璃化转变温度(T_g)和清亮点(T_i)均呈下降趋势。该系列聚合物热稳定性良好,液晶区间在36.4~177.5℃之间。     

过氧化苯甲酰引发苯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯微乳液共聚合

以十二烷基硫酸钠／十二烷基苯磺酸钠为乳化剂，过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂进行了苯乙烯／丙烯酸丁酯微乳液共聚合反应。研究了引发剂浓度[I]、单体总浓度[M]、乳化剂含量CE和聚合温度T对微乳液共聚合的最大聚合速率Rmax和共聚物粘均分子量Mη的影响．测定了共聚单体的竞聚率．结果得到Rmax∝[I]^0.90[M]^1.49CE^0.73exp(-6116/T),M^-,∝[I]^-1.60[M]^-1.22CE^-1.43exp(3496/T);rst=0.55,rBA=0.23.     

热致可逆变色胆甾液晶聚合物的制备和光学性能研究

合成了两种胆甾液晶单体,4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸胆甾醇酯M1和4-{4-[(4-烯丙氧基)-苯甲酰氧基]丁氧羰基}苯甲酸胆甾醇酯M2。将两种单体按一定比例与含氢聚硅氧烷(PMHS)共聚得到了一系列侧链液晶聚合物P1-P6。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1 H NMR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)和X射线等手段对单体及聚合物的结构、液晶性能和相行为进行了表征。通过分析表明单体M1、M2和聚合物为热致胆甾型液晶,聚合物在常温具有选择性反射现象,在升温—降温—再升温的过程中反射波长随温度升高发生蓝移,且聚合物具有良好的热稳定性和可逆变色性。     

ε-己内酯聚合反应的研究

研究了己内酯开环聚合中聚合时间、聚合温度、及以乙二醇－钛酸丁酯作为引发剂的用量对聚合物的影响，得出了己内酯开环的较佳反应条件（反应温度为140℃，反应时间为7h)并拟合出在该反应条件下聚合产物的分子量与乙二醇的关系式M＝150．46（V ρ/m）^-0.5315。聚己内酯结构用红外、核磁共振和X射线衍射进行表征。     

聚-3-羟基丁酸酯及其共聚物的合成与表征

合成一种环烷氧锡化合物,用氢谱、元素分析和质谱对其结构进行表征确认,并以其作为β-丁内酯开环聚合的引发剂制备聚-3-羟基丁酸酯,考察了单体引发剂配比、聚合时间和聚合温度等聚合条件对聚合产物特性粘度的影响.由丁内酯与丙交酯、己内酯共聚制备聚(丁内酯-丙交酯)和聚(丁内酯-己内酯)共聚物,并用FT-IR、1H-NMR、DSC等手段对聚合物的结构及性能进行了表征.     

一种含薄荷基的手性单体及其聚合物的合成与液晶性能

制备了一种含薄荷基的手性单体及其对应的液晶聚合物,其化学结构、纯度及旋光性质采用红外光谱（FT-IR）、核磁共振（1H-NMR）及旋光仪进行表征,采用差示扫描量热（DSC）与偏光显微镜（POM）等研究了单体与聚合物的介晶性能和相行为,并用热重分析（TGA）表征了聚合物的热稳定性。结果表明,手性单体呈现胆甾相的油丝织构与...     

Synthesis and characterization of novel liquid crystalline polymers containing cholesteryl pendant groups

In order to investigate the chiral effect of cholesteryl pendant groups on the induction of the cholesteric phase, a new cholesteryl-containing liquid crystalline monomer was synthesized and copolymerized with an achiral comonomer in various molar ratios. The layer-like arrangement of the smectic mesophase with different monomeric compositions of copolymers was investigated using an X-ray diffraction analysis. The cholesteric liquid phase was induced by the chiral segments; the dependence of the reciprocal central reflection wavelength on the mole fraction of the chiral monomer for copolymers was investigated. This paper demonstrates the effect of chiral pendant groups on the induction of the cholesteric phase and layered molecular arrangement of side-chain liquid crystalline polymers.     

羧基遥爪热致性主链液晶离聚物的合成与表征

以对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和1,4-丁二醇为主要原料,经熔融酯交换合成介晶基元双(对羟基苯甲酸)丁二醇酯(BBHB);以四氯乙烷为溶剂,采用溶液缩聚法将BBHB与适量的对苯二甲酰氯(TPC)反应,经Na2CO3溶液处理,合成端基为羧基的液晶离聚物。通过红外光谱等分析对它们的化学结构进行了表征。表明:所合成的液晶离聚物P1~P3为纹影织构,属于典型的向列型液晶,液晶相区间为100℃左右,羧基对液晶区间和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、熔融温度(Tm)、相转变温度(Tc)影响不大。     

Polymer Network–Stabilized Liquid Crystals

The fabrication and properties of polymer network–stabilized liquid crystals, formed by polymerization of a small amount of a bifunctional photoreactive monomer dissolved in a liquid‐crystalline phase, are reviewed. The polymer network morphology is strongly related to preparation conditions such as monomer content, polymerization temperature, and ultraviolet (UV) curing conditions. The transfer of anisotropic liquid‐crystalline order onto the network is discussed in detail. The electro‐optical performance of network‐stabilized nematics, cholesterics, and ferroelectric smectics is largely dependent on the morphology of the network, as will be demonstrated with an emphasis laid on polymer‐stabilized cholesteric textures (PSCTs). A general correlation between polymerization conditions, network morphology, and electro‐optical behavior will be outlined and aspects concerning applications discussed.     

Synthesis and characterization of chiral liquid crystal polymers containing donor–acceptor group

A series of new chiral side-chain liquid crystalline polymers with electron donor–acceptor action were prepared containing chiral monomer with donor group and nematic LC monomer with acceptor group. All polymers were synthesized by graft polymerization using polymethylhydrosiloxane as backbone. The mesomorphic properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD). The chemical structures of monomers and polymers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (¹H NMR and ¹³CNMR). M ₁ did not show liquid crystalline phase and M ₂ turned out nematic phase on heating and cooling cycle. Polymers P ₂ –P ₇ were cholesteric phase. Cholesteric phase and low glass temperature liquid crystalline polymers have been obtained, which offered the possibility of application. Experimental results demonstrated that the glass-transition temperatures rose and isotropization temperatures decreased and the ranges of the mesophase temperature reduced with increasing the content of chiral agent. All of the obtained polymers showed high thermal stability.     

原子转移自由基聚合在超支化大分子合成中的应用进展

超支化聚合物是一类具有不同于线性聚合物性质的新型高分子材料,原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)作为一种活性可控聚合方法,在超支化聚合物合成领域发挥着重要的作用。ATRP在Cu(I)催化体系下不仅可以催化AB~*型单体生成超支化聚合物,而且还可以多官能团的大分子为引发剂,生成具有"核-壳"结构的两亲性共聚物或其它特殊结构大分子。文中主要介绍了近年来采用ATRP法合成的不同结构超支化聚合物,并对ATRP在超支化大分子合成中的应用前景进行了展望。     

含手性基元的侧链液晶聚合物的合成与性能表征

文中设计与合成了国内未见报道的单体M1、M2和系列手性液晶聚合物。通过差示扫描量热(DSC)、偏光显微分析(POM)、广角X射线衍射、旋光仪等测试手段研究了单体M1和手性液晶聚合物液晶性能。结果表明,M1为向列型液晶单体,M2为手性非液晶单体。聚合物P2~P4呈现近晶A相,P5,P6为胆甾相,P7的液晶性能已不明显,聚合物P8已没有液晶性能。具有宽的液晶相范围,液晶相范围均高于140℃。随着手性单体M2含量(0%~50%)的增加,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度、清亮点温度、液晶相范围均呈现降低趋势。     

Dual Light and Temperature Responsive Micrometer‐Sized Structural Color Actuators

Externally induced color‐ and shape‐changes in micrometer‐sized objects are of great interest in novel application fields such as optofluidics and microrobotics. In this work, light and temperature responsive micrometer‐sized structural color actuators based on cholesteric liquid‐crystalline (CLC) polymer particles are presented. The particles are synthesized by suspension polymerization using a reactive CLC monomer mixture having a light responsive azobenzene dye. The particles exhibit anisotropic spot‐like and arc‐like reflective colored domains ranging from red to blue. Electron microscopy reveals a multidirectional asymmetric arrangement of the cholesteric layers in the particles and numerical simulations elucidate the anisotropic optical properties. Upon light exposure, the particles show reversible asymmetric shape deformations combined with structural color changes. When the temperature is increased above the liquid crystal‐isotropic phase transition temperature of the particles, the deformation is followed by a reduction or disappearance of the reflection. Such dual light and temperature responsive structural color actuators are interesting for a variety of micrometer‐sized devices.     

含多芳香环嵌段聚合物PS-b-PAH对碳纳米管的修饰

以芘丁酸为原料通过酯化反应制备了含芘丁单元的苯乙烯基单体,再利用原子转移自由基聚合法（ATRP）合成了分子量可控的嵌段聚合物PS-b-PAH,采用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、核磁共振（1H-NMR）等测试手段对产物进行了表征。采用聚合物对碳纳米管表面修饰,比较了聚苯乙烯PS和嵌段聚合物PS-b-PAH修饰碳纳米管后在THF...